金属-有机框架作为超级电容器电极材料研究的综合性实验设计

介绍了一个综合性实验——金属-有机框架作为超级电容器电极材料的研究。实验内容包括金属有机框架的制备、单晶结构表征与电化学性能测试等主要内容。学生通过具体实验操作、电化学工作站使用、结构分析及数据处理等步骤，可充分了解目前热门的前沿领域，也可以对实验内容涉及的知识体系进行学习、归纳。本实验综合了无机化学、分析化学和物理化学的相关知识点与实验操作，可作为高年级学生开放实验进行开设。     

多孔锌MOF合成与表征的综合性无机化学实验设计

为将金属有机框架(MOFs)这一前沿研究领域引入本科教学实验中,特推荐一个综合性研究实验.实验内容包括有机配体的制备、MOFs材料的合成及结构和性能表征;实验技能除包含常规化学技能操作外,还包括大型仪器的学习及操作.     

综合化学实验：磁性金属有机骨架材料的合成及对铅的吸附

设计了一个综合实验——磁性金属有机骨架材料的合成及对铅的吸附。先合成四氧化三铁,再通过氨基修饰制备磁性金属有机骨架吸附材料。考察了此材料对铅的吸附性能,铅的浓度用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定。通过实验加深了学生对物理化学课程中吸附动力学等相关内容的理解,同时巩固了学生对仪器分析课程中的原子吸收光谱法的相关内容的掌握。     

锌配位聚合物的制备与表征——推荐一个无机化学综合实验

介绍了一个无机化学综合型新实验——锌配位聚合物的制备与表征。通过有机配体的合成、金属有机框架材料的制备及其相关结构和性能表征,使学生了解金属有机框架这一科研前沿领域,在引导学生进行实验操作、解释及归纳的过程中,提升学生的综合及创新能力。本实验综合了无机、有机和分析化学知识点的学习与实验操作能力的培养,建议纳入高年级综合型化学实验课。     

MOF构筑的电化学传感器及应用

金属-有机框架化合物(以下简称金属-有机框架)是一类有机配体与金属中心通过自组装形成的具有三维框架结构的多孔材料,其特异复杂的结构使其具有良好的化学性能。金属-有机框架化合物在分析化学方面的应用受到广泛关注,在电化学传感器应用方面也取得了显著进展。本文简要介绍近年来金属-有机框架用于构建电化学传感器的方法及在电化学传感器中的作用;对基于金属-有机框架的电化学传感器的应用进行了综述;分析了目前金属-有机框架-电化学传感器研究中存在的问题和局限性并对其应用进行了展望。     

金属-有机框架应用于锂离子电池的研究进展

综述了金属-有机框架应用于锂离子电池的研究进展。金属-有机框架在锂离子电池中的应用主要有以下两个方面:1)用作锂电负极材料;2)用作锂电正极材料。同时总结了金属-有机框架做锂电电极材料存在的问题,并提出解决的可能途径。最后,展望了金属-有机框架在储能领域中的应用前景。     

电化学沉积制备聚苯胺纳米阵列及性能研究的综合化学实验

为将导电聚合物超级电容器电极材料引入到本科教学实验中，设计了综合探究性高分子材料制备实验——电化学沉积制备聚苯胺纳米阵列及性能研究。首先采用电化学法构筑导电高分子聚苯胺纳米阵列；然后运用紫外光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和电化学工作站等，分别对聚苯胺阵列的化学结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。从材料的合成角度来看，该实验可以使学生了解和掌握电化学合成导电聚合物的机理与方法；从材料的结构和性能表征方面来看，可以使学生学习和操作科研类的大型仪器设备，对学生的动手操作能力具有实质性的锻炼。此外，该综合性实验很好地将化学制备与材料的应用相结合，方法简单，耗时短，重复性好，可作为高分子类专业本科生综合探究性实验开设。     

介孔二氧化硅材料合成与表征的综合性化学实验设计

设计了一个综合性化学实验——MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅材料的合成与表征。实验内容包括MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅材料的制备,以及采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱、比表面积与孔隙度分析等多种分析方法对其结构和形貌进行表征。本实验不仅可以锻炼学生的基本实验操作技能,还能使学生加深对相关课程理论内容的理解,并进一步激发学生探索化学前沿知识的兴趣。     

综合化学实验:变色传感金属有机框架材料的制备

为了有效提升学生在化学实验过程中的学习积极性及效果,特推荐一个综合型化学实验--变色传感金属有机框架材料的制备。该实验设计思路是将前沿科学研究内容与本科生实验教学相结合,使学生在学习本科基础知识的同时又能了解科学研究的前沿领域。该实验涉及了有机物合成、无机领域金属有机框架材料的制备,还包括了红外、热重、X射线粉末衍射、紫外可见等仪器的使用及分析。鉴于本实验内容涵盖面较广,建议作为高年级本科生综合化学实验设置。     

《金属-有机框架》专辑序言──金属-有机框架:新型多功能材料

<正>金属-有机框架是由金属离子与有机配体通过配位键形成的三维框架材料,是近几十年来配位化学领域中发展较快的新型多功能材料。自上世纪90年代以来,金属-有机框架的研究呈现空前的增长,目前已有大于20000例的金属-有机框架被报道。金属-有机框架可变的金属中心及有机配体使其结构与功能具有多样性。金属中心的选择几乎覆盖了所有金属,包括主族元素、过渡元素和镧系金属。而配体的选择,除了传统的氮杂环和羧酸类配体外,还可以引入一些官能团对其进行修饰,使已获得的金属-有     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.