Inelastic magnetic neutron scattering from inner filled shells of impurity atoms in metals

The differential cross section of inelastic magnetic neutron scattering by paired electrons of inner filled s ² shells of impurity atoms in metals is first derived taking into account single electron excitations from the inner shell of the impurity to the free states of the metal. The energy-angle distributions of the scattered neutrons are calculated depending on the effective electronic mass near the Fermi surface.     

多电荷离子与C,Ne和Ar原子碰撞中K壳层电子俘获截面的计算

本文提出了一种计算多电荷离子与原子碰撞中K壳层电子俘获截面的新方法,称为模型势Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Krammer近似(MPOBK)。在该方法中我们用模型势来描述K电子所处的有效场,同时在波函数中考虑屏蔽效应。我们得到的K壳层总俘获截面是一个表解析达式。对H~ 、He~(2 )-Ne,H~ 、He~(2 )-C及O~(5 ,6 )-Ar体系的计算表明本文结果较好地与实验数据一致。     

近阈值下He原子的双电离实验反冲离子动量分析

利用最新发展起来的适用于低能电子入射的反应显微成像谱仪,对电子轰击He原子近阈值的双电离过程进行了研究,实验测量了反应后4个粒子的全部动量,获得了五重微分截面及出射粒子间的关联信息.着重分析了在入射电子束与出射电子构成的平面内,3个均分系统剩余能量的电子出射角关联关系,并与理论计算进行了比较.研究表明,当两个电子反向出射时,第3个电子垂直于这两个电子动量方向出射的几率最大.在1个电子垂直于平面出射时,通过理论计算结果与平面内出射角分布的比较,发现DS6C理论能够较好地描述实验结果.     

Ionization for Hf- and W-L-shell by electron impact

Electron-induced Hf-, W-L-shell partial, total production cross sections, mean ionization cross sections and Hf-L_3-shell ionization cross sections (at two energies) have been measured as functions of electron energies (from near threshold to 36keV). The influence of electrons reflected from the backing of the thin targets on measured results was corrected using a model to relate to the electron transport process. The mean paths of electron multi-scattered in the target itself (including forward and backward scattering) were calculated by means of Monte Carlo program (EGS4) and they were used to correct measured results. A comparison with both theoretical predictions was given.     

裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的理论研究

基于处理裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的OBKN和ECPSSR理论模型,系统计算了不同裸核离子与中性原子碰撞K壳层电子俘获截面和直接电离截面,并与其它文献已有的理论和实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明:碰撞能量较低时,电子俘获截面大于直接电离截面,随着碰撞能量的增加,电子俘获截面和直接电离截面均是先增大后减小且直接电离截面减小地非常缓慢,高能时,直接电离截面大于电子俘获截面.当入射炮弹离子速度接近0.67倍靶原子K壳层电子速度时,电子俘获截面达到最大值,而当入射炮弹离子速度接近靶原子K壳层电子速度时,直接电离截面达到最大值.     

裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的理论研究

基于处理裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的OBKN和ECPSSR理论模型,系统计算了不同裸核离子与中性原子碰撞K壳层电子俘获截面和直接电离截面,并与其它文献已有的理论和实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明：碰撞能量较低时,电子俘获截面大于直接电离截面,随着碰撞能量的增加,电子俘获截面和直接电离截面均是先增大后减小且直接电离截面减小地非常缓慢,高能时,直接电离截面大于电子俘获截面.当入射炮弹离子速度接近0.67倍靶原子K壳层电子速度时,电子俘获截面达到最大值,而当入射炮弹离子速度接近靶原子K壳层电子速度时,直接电离截面达到最大值.     

Comparative analysis of characteristic electron energy loss spectra and inelastic scattering cross-section spectra of Fe

The inelastic electron scattering cross section spectra of Fe have been calculated based on experimental spectra of characteristic reflection electron energy loss as dependences of the product of the inelastic mean free path by the differential inelastic electron scattering cross section on the electron energy loss. It has been shown that the inelastic electron scattering cross-section spectra have certain advantages over the electron energy loss spectra in the analysis of the interaction of electrons with substance. The peaks of energy loss in the spectra of characteristic electron energy loss and inelastic electron scattering cross sections have been determined from the integral and differential spectra. It has been shown that the energy of the bulk plasmon is practically independent of the energy of primary electrons in the characteristic electron energy loss spectra and monotonically increases with increasing energy of primary electrons in the inelastic electron scattering cross-section spectra. The variation in the maximum energy of the inelastic electron scattering cross-section spectra is caused by the redistribution of intensities over the peaks of losses due to various excitations. The inelastic electron scattering cross-section spectra have been analyzed using the decomposition of the spectra into peaks of the energy loss. This method has been used for the quantitative estimation of the contributions from different energy loss processes to the inelastic electron scattering cross-section spectra of Fe and for the determination of the nature of the energy loss peaks.     

一种考虑几何屏蔽效应的计算“电子-分子”散射总截面的可加性规则修正方法

在考虑分子内原子间的几何屏蔽效应随电子入射能量变化的基础上, 提出了一种能够在中、高能区准确计算“电子-分子”散射总截面的可加性规则修正方法. 利用这一修正后的可加性规则并使用“电子-C, H, O, N原子”散射总截面的实验数据, 在50—5000 eV内计算了电子被NO, N₂O, NO₂和C₂H₆分子散射的总截面, 且将计算结果与实验结果及其他理论结果进行了比较. 结果表明, 利用这一方法修正过的可加性规则进行计 关键词： 电子散射 可加性规则 总截面 几何屏蔽效应     

On the strong influence of inner shell resonances upon the outer shell photoionization of endohedral atoms

It is demonstrated by the example of the Xe atom stuffed inside the C₆₀ fullerene, i.e., the endohedral Xe@C₆₀, that the so-called confinement resonances in 4d subshell strongly affect the photoionization cross section of outer 5p and subvalent 5s electrons near the 4d ionization threshold. It is a surprise that these narrow inner 4d shell resonances are not smeared out in the outer shell photoionization cross section. On the contrary; the inner shell resonances affect the outer cross section by enhancing them enormously. Close to its own photoionization thresholds, 5p and 5s photoionization cross sections of Xe@C₆₀ are dominated by their own confinement resonances greatly affected by the amplification of the incoming radiation intensity due to polarization by it of the C₆₀ electron shell. Between 4d and 5p thresholds, the effect of 4d is becoming stronger while own resonances of 5p and 5s are becoming much less important.     

Cross sections of electron capture and electron capture ionization versus the impact parameter in collisions of a proton with multielectron atoms

The absolute differential cross sections of scattering of hydrogen atoms resulting from an electron capture and an electron capture ionization are measured for collisions of 4.5- and 11-keV protons with argon and xenon atoms. The range of scattering angles is 0°–2°. From the scattering differential cross section found experimentally, the probabilities of single-electron capture and electron capture ionization as a function of the impact parameter are calculated. The dependences of the incident particle scattering angle on the impact parameter (deviation function) for interactions with Ar and Xe atoms are calculated in terms of classical mechanics using the Moliére—Yukawa potential to describe the interaction of atomic particles. Analysis is given to the probabilities of electron capture and electron capture ionization versus the impact parameter and to the distribution of the electron density on different electron shells in a target atom versus a distance to the core. It is concluded that only electrons from the outer shell of the target atom are involved in the process of electron capture ionization. The cross section of electron capture ionization is calculated in the proton energy range 5–20 keV.     

Enhancement of positron-atom annihilation near the positronium formation threshold

The behavior of the positron- 2 gamma annihilation rate on an atomic target near the positronium (Ps) formation threshold is determined. When the positron energy epsilon approaches the threshold epsilon(thr) from below, the effective number of electrons contributing to the annihilation, Z(eff), grows as Z(eff) approximately A/square root of [epsilon(thr)-epsilon], where A is related to the size of the Ps formation cross section, sigma(Ps) approximately B square root of [epsilon-epsilon(thr)], by A = B square root of [2 epsilon(thr)]/32 pi (in atomic units). Taking account of the finite Ps lifetime eliminates the singularity in Z(eff) and shows that close to threshold the positron annihilation cross section is identical to the para-Ps formation cross section.     

Superinelastic electron transfer: electron trapping in H2O ice via the N-2((2)Pi(g)) resonance

We present measurements on the trapping of 0-3 eV electrons in H2O ice films covered with a submonolayer of N2 molecules. At the energy of the N-2((2)Pi(g)) shape resonance, the absolute cross section for electron trapping in ice is approximately 5.5 x 10(-16) cm(2), similar to that for vibrational excitations of gaseous N2 via the resonance. This result, indicating that nearly all electrons from autoionization of N-2((2)Pi(g)) are transferred to electron traps in ice, is explained by superinelastic electron transfer from N-2((2)Pi(g)) into preexisting traps in polar ice, leaving N2 in high vibrational excited states.     

Monte Carlo方法模拟低能电子在多元介质中散射——基于平均散射截面方法

应用基于平均散射截面低能电子在多元介质中散射Monte Carlo方法,模拟E≤5eV低能电子在多种多元介质中散射。计算了电子背散射系数,背散射电子能谱、角分布,入射电子、背散射电子在介质中的作用范围、沉积能分布,并与确定散射中心方法的结果比较。两种方法计算结果广泛一致,进一步证明基于平均散射截面方法的有效性和可靠性。入射电子能量较低,介质平均原子序数较大时,计算的背散射电子角分析不服从余弦分布律。     

The angular distribution of the 3p electrons and the partial cross section of the 3s electrons of argon from threshold to 70 eV

The angular distribution parameter β has been measured for the argon 3p electrons in the energy range 0–70 eV above threshold using a synchrotron light source. The absolute photoionization cross section of argon 3s electrons has also been determined in the 0–60 eV region above threshold. Both sets of data are compared with recent theoretical calculations which include electron correlation effects.     

Cq+(q=1-4)与He,Ne,Ar碰撞的电子损失截面测量与研究

在中能区测量了C^q+(q=1-4)与He,Ne,Ar气体原子碰撞的电子损失截面,计算分析了入射离子损失两个电子与一个电子的总截面比 R₂₁. 单反应道分析无法完全解释所有实验结果,必须同时考虑入射离子的电子损失、电子俘获和靶原子电离各种出射道间的耦合作用. 对于不同靶原子的碰撞,入射离子损失一个电子和两个电子的速度阈值可以由屏蔽和反屏蔽理论解释. 然而,该理论不能完全解释截面比 R₂₁ 关键词： 离子-原子碰撞 截面 电子损失     

低能电子在水中的弹性散射

基于平均散射截面概念,结合Mott截面,计算E≤10 keV范围低能电子在水中弹性散射的微分散射截面、总散射截面及弹性散射角概率分布,与应用Rutherford模型的计算结果及实验结果符合较好.在此基础上,给出一个低能电子在水中弹性散射的模拟方法,既严格可靠,又能够方便地应用于低能电子在水中径迹结构的模拟.     

Al~(10+)的电子碰撞电离及有关过程

用扭曲波方法计算Al~(10+)基态在Is~22s的Is,2s电子和第一激发态Is~22p的2p电子的电离截面以及基态的总电离截面(包括内壳层激发自电离).入射电子能量(?)(即(?)以2s电离能I_(2s)为单位)为1.05,1.125,l.25,1.5,2.25,4……同时计算出了电离阈值以下的激发截面(乘以所谓态密度),实现了在电离阈值处与阈值以上电离能量微分截面光滑联接;计算了光电离截面积分值,实现了在入射电子能量趋于无穷时与电子碰撞电离截面衔接.计算结果与其他方法进行了比较. 关键词：     

能量范围从20keV到34keV的锆元素K壳层电离截面

 用20~34keV能量的电子束轰击锆靶,从而测得锆元素的K壳层电离截面。这些数据是国际上首次报道。在实验中采用电子输运双群模型修正了由厚衬底产生的反射电子对计数的影响。同时用蒙特卡罗EGS4程序计算了电子在质量厚度为24.3mg/cm²的锆靶中的平均路径长度。     

Electron impact ionisation cross sections for atomic and molecular allotropes of phosphorous and arsenic

We report electron impact total ionisation cross sections for phosphorous (P), arsenic (As), diphosphorous (P₂), diarsenic (As₂), tetra phosphorous (P₄) and tetra arsenic (As₄) from the threshold of the target to 2000 eV. We employed spherical complex optical potential to compute total inelastic cross sections (Q_inel). The total ionisation cross section is extracted from the total inelastic cross section using the complex scattering potential–ionisation contribution method. The results of most of the targets studied here compare well with the measurements and the theoretical data wherever available. The correlation between the peak of ionisation cross sections with the number of target electrons and polarisability is also reported. It is observed that the maximum ionisation cross sections depend linearly on the number of target electrons and polarisability of the target. This linear correlation is used to predict the maximum ionisation cross sections for the targets (I₂, HI and PF₃) where no experimental data are available.     

Additivity rule for electron--molecule total cross section calculations at 50--5000eV: a new geometrical approach

Taking into consideration the changes of the geometric shielding effect in a molecule as the energy of incident electrons varies, this paper presents an empirical fraction, which depends on the energy of incident electrons, the target＇s molecular dimension and the atomic and electronic numbers in the molecule. Using this empirical fraction, it proposes a new formulation of the additivity rule. Employing the new additivity rule, it calculates the total cross sections of electron scattering by C2H4, C6H6, C6H14 and C8H18 over the energy range from 50 to 5000eV. In order to exclude the calculation deviations caused by solving the radial Schrodinger equation of electron scattering by atoms, here the atomic cross sections are derived from the experimental total cross section results of simple molecules （H2, O2, CO） via the inversion algorithm. The quantitative total cross sections are compared with those obtained by experiments and other theories, and good agreement is obtained over a wide energy range, even at energy of several tens of eV.