分光光度法测定高纯度膨润土吸蓝量

以分光光度法测定高含量膨润土吸蓝量,应用正交试验设计对分光光度法的实验条件进行优化,确定的最佳实验条件:煮沸时间为5 min,4%焦磷酸钠溶液加入体积为20 mL,0.01 mol/L亚甲基蓝溶液加入体积为30mL,振荡时间为15 min。该法与滴定法对比,测定值相对误差在4%以内,相对标准偏差为1.04%,可满足高纯度膨润土吸蓝量的分析要求。     

丙烯腈废水中有机物的高压放电法降解机理

利用气相色谱-质谱探讨了丙烯腈废水中有机物的高压放电法降解机理.结果表明:丙烯腈的氰基首先被破坏生成丙烯酸,丙烯酸进一步被氧化生成乙酸,乙酸降解为甲酸,最后生成CO2.丁二腈首先降解为丁二酸,丁二酸再生成丙酸,并逐步降解为乙酸、甲酸,最后生成CO2.二氰乙基胺在降解过程中依次生成丙腈、丙酸、乙酸和甲酸,最后生成CO2....     

纳米催化剂在CO_(2)加氢制甲醇中的研究进展北大核心CSCD

为减缓温室效应,将CO_(2)转换成高附加值的甲醇是减少CO_(2)排放的有效途径,而高效催化剂是CO_(2)加氢制甲醇反应规模化的关键.可调控合成的具有量子尺寸效应的纳米催化剂在该反应上具有独特的优势.因此我们深入探讨了反应机理,综述了纳米材料在CO_(2)加氢制甲醇中的研究进展,最后给出了高效催化剂可能的发展方向.     

Quantitative and selective analysis of lactose by capillary electrophoresis

Summary A CE method has been validated for the analysis of batches of lactose used as a pharmaceutical raw material. This method was shown to be selective for lactose and was found to be quantitative. The separation was achieved due to on-capillary chelation of the lactose with borate ion. The resulting complex was detected at 195nm. An internal standard is employed to improve injection precision and detector linearity. A system peak occurred in the separation and was systematically investigated to show that it was not sample related. The method was validated and successfully submitted to regulatory authorities and is now in routine use in a number of our quality control laboratories.     

统计方法在微量金分析中的应用

化探金样品前处理过程中消解、富集、解吸等环节控制不严格,往往会导致最后数据处理产生过高的校正系数。为了降低校正系数,用统计学的方法对实验过程进行了详细分析,确定了主要影响因素。将水浴时间延长并保温3 h以上,泡塑大小改为0.2 g,清洗时间不大于15 s,解吸到上机时间间隔小于5 h。方法改进后,检测结果校正系数有了明显改善,从改进前有40%批次的校正系数大于1.2,降到了全部小于1.2,甚至不用校正。方法改进后降低了实验过程的误差,提高了分析测试结果的稳定性。     

硫酸分离–火试金重量法测定碲化铜中的金和银

建立了用硫酸分离-火试金重量法测定碲化铜中的金和银含量的方法。用硫酸溶解碲化铜样品,过滤,除去铜和碲,得到含金、银的沉淀物,沉淀物经灰化、配料、高温熔融制得铅扣。将铅扣灰吹,得到金银合粒,用硝酸溶解分离金,用重量法测定金含量。用金银合粒的质量扣除金粒的质量和分金液、洗液中杂质的质量即为银含量。采用灰皿、残渣熔融法补正,或用含碲、铜物料做基体加入纯金、纯银同试样方法测定,根据金、银的回收率加以补正,从而得到试样中的碲含量。实验结果表明,浓硫酸的加入量为30 mL,残余量应不少于15 mL。火试金中硅酸度为1左右,试样进炉温度以900℃为宜。该方法金、银测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.33%~1.97%,0.28%~1.27%(n=9)。金的回收率为98.5%~100.2%,银的回收率为95.5%~101.4%。该法满足生产控制检测和贸易结算的要求。     

Dawson型磷钨酸催化合成乳酸月桂醇酯

用Dawson型磷钨酸催化合成乳酸月桂醇酯。实验结果表明:Dawson型磷钨酸有较高的催化活性,反应时间短,酯收率高,工艺简单。最佳工艺条件为:醇/酸摩尔比为1.5:1,催化剂用量为0.3%,带水剂甲苯体积(mL)与反应物质量(g)之比为0.4:1~0.5:1,反应温度为115~140℃,反应时间30~50min。在此条件下,酯收率可超过93% 。     

氢醌对胆红素氧化过程的促进作用及其分析意义

研究了氢醌与胆红素的作用过程，发现氢醌在碱性条件下可促使胆红素氧化，且胆红素被氧化成胆绿素，此反应过程被证实为自由基反应，考察了介质条件，抗氧化剂等反应过程的影响及其它酚类物质对胆红素氧化的作用情况。     

原子吸收分光光度法空心阴极灯一灯多用探讨

利用原子吸收分光光度法分别用钾空心阴极灯测钠、锌空心阴极灯测铜,标准曲线线性良好,相关系数均在0.999以上。钾灯测量钠质控样结果为0.747 mg/L,在质控样标称值范围(0.712±0.049)mg/L之内。锌灯测量铜质控样结果为1.23 mg/L,在质控样标称值范围(1.19±0.05)mg/L之内。钾灯测钠的相对标准偏差为0.47%(n=6),加标回收率为99.8%。锌灯测铜的相对标准偏差为0.53%(n=6),加标回收率为103%。一灯多用在环境监测工作中是可行的。     

PREPARATION OF POLYSULFONAMIDE/TiO2 NANOCOMPOSITES BY SOL-GEL

Polysulfonamide (PSA) was synthesized at room temperature, the polymerization based on terephthaloyl chloride and 3,3 '-diaminodiphenylsulfone in the common solvent N,N -Dimethyl-acetamide (DMAc). Polysulfonamide/titanium oxide nanocomposites were prepared by sol-gel method. Tetrabutyl titanate(TBT) was added into the polysulfonamide solution, at the same time ,some water was mixed to make the TBT hydrolyze. In the process, hydrochloric acid was used to catalyze the reaction. The polysulfonamide chemistry structure was characterized by FT-IR spectrum. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to observe the microstructure of the composite film. The thermal property was investigated by TGA.The results show that we have succeeded to synthesize the polysulfonamide, TiO2particles were well distributed in the composite film and average size was about 20 nm on average, the heat-resistance of nanocomposite was batter than the pure polysulfonamide.     

甲苯/水双相体系中以稻草为原料合成糠醛

FeCl³为催化剂,在甲苯/水双相溶剂体系中,以稻草为原料经水解反应制备糠醛,其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR确证。通过响应面分析获得的最佳反应条件为：催化剂质量分数23.09%,甲苯60 mL,溶剂比V（甲苯）: V（水）=1 : 1,料液比为67.5 g·L^-1,于177 ℃反应60 min,糠醛收率高达78.92%。     

Development of a novel analytical method for determination of chondroitin sulfate using an in-capillary enzyme reaction

A novel analytical method for determination of total amount of chondroitin sulfate (CS) based on its conversion to desulfated chondro-disaccharide via an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, was developed. Using the in-capillary enzyme reaction, the method was also applied to the successful construction of an on-line analytical system. Within this system, electrophoretic migration was used to mix zones containing the enzyme mixture (chondroitinase ABC, chondro-4-sulfatase, chondro-6-sulfatase and 2-o-sulfatase) and the substrate (CS). The reaction was then allowed to proceed in the presence of a weak electric field and, finally, the product (desulfated chondro-disaccharide) of enzyme reaction migrated to the detector under the influence of an applied electric field. A polyvinyl alcohol-coated capillary was used to reduce protein adsorption. Desulfated chondro-disaccharide was successfully migrated toward the anode in 10 mM Tris-acetate buffer (pH 7.0) under reversed polarity and detected at 232 nm. The established method was validated and demonstrated to be applicable in the determination of total amount of CS in a commercial ophthalmic solution. No interference from the formulation excipients was observed. Good linearity was obtained, with correlation coefficients above 0.999. Recoveries and precisions ranged from 100.0 to 100.5%, and from 0.2 to 0.6% of the relative standard deviation, respectively. Good agreement was obtained between the established method and traditional photometric method based on carbazole reaction. In this study, application of the method to disaccharide compositional analysis was also performed.     

上海市食品中铝污染情况分析

为了解上海市食品中铝污染情况,采集四个品种94件样品用国标法GB/T 5009.182-2003进行了铝含量的分析。结果表明,按照国标GB 15202-1994判断,饼干合格率达100%,糕点合格率85.7%,馒头合格率81.5%,油条合格率仅53.5%。提出了控制铝污染对策和建议。     

Unusual in vitro degradation behavior of physically cross-linked liposome gel network

In this study, the in vitro degradation behavior of self-assembled liposome gel was investigated, especially in comparison with rheological studies. The liposome gel, physically cross-linked by hydrophobic interactions, was obtained by mixing liposome solution with cholesterol-end capped polyethylene glycol. The liposome gel was found to have rheological behavior similar to that of Maxwell model. The plateau modulus of the liposome gel, an important value to reflect the effective cross-linking density among the network, was dependent on both the liposome concentration and the polymer concentration. When the liposome gels were exposed to an aqueous solution, they first showed a period of swelling phase due to adsorption of water and then a dissolution phase began, leading to the full degradation of the network. The liposome gel with higher plateau modulus (i.e. higher effective cross-linking density) was found to degrade more slowly, indicating that the degradation behavior of the gel was closely related with the rheological properties. In order to study the gel degradation mechanism more directly, dextran blue-loaded liposome gel was prepared. In the initial period of the liposome gel exposure to the aqueous solution, the dextran blue release was of Fickian diffusion transport behavior. After that period, the release mechanism was found to be of Super Case II transport, which was gel matrix relaxation controlled.     

Electro-responsive polyacrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti copolymer for transdermal drug delivery application

An application of polyacrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti (PAAm-g-GGH) copolymer for transdermal delivery of an anti-psychotic drug, quetiapine fumerate triggered by electric stimulus was explored. The electro-responsive PAAm-g-GGH was prepared by free radical polymerization underneath nitrogen atmosphere subsequent to alkaline hydrolysis. The PAAm-g-GGH was used as drug reservoir gel and crosslinked films of GGH and PVA as rate controlling membranes (RCM). The reservoir gels were uniform and translucent; pH of gels was 6.56–7.06, which is in the pH range of skin and drug content was from 89.57% to 94.51%. The thickness of RCMs was 163–227?μ; thickness was increased with increased glutaraldehyde concentration and all the RCMs were permeable to water vapors. When electric stimulus was absent, a small amount of drug was permeated from the formulations, while drug conveyance was enhanced in the existence of stimulus. Drug permeation was increased with increase in electric stimulus from 2 to 8?mA. Over two fold increase in flux was observed after application of electric stimulus. Under “on–off” electric stimulus, faster drug permeation was seen under ‘on’ condition and permeation was decreased when stimulus was ‘off.’ Histopathology study confirmed reversible alteration of skin structure under electric stimulus.     

甲醇驱动的环氧丙烷连续生物合成

采用甲醇蒸气作为碳源对甲基弯菌IMV 3011进行驯化培养,然后逐渐增加液态甲醇的浓度使其适应,得到了能耐受甲醇(φ(MeOH)=1%)的甲基弯菌IMV 3011.对甲基弯菌IMV 3011进行甲烷-甲醇共培养可得到大量具有甲烷单加氧酶(MMO)活性的细胞.研究了添加甲醇对甲基弯菌IMV 3011生长和MMO活性的影响,发现甲醇能够促进甲基弯菌IMV3011的生长.在批式反应器中,添加甲醇能够提高甲基弯菌IMV 3011的催化环氧化能力,说明甲醇可以作为电子供体通过再生辅酶NADH驱动环氧丙烷合成.考察了在膜反应器中用细胞悬浮液连续合成环氧丙烷的可行性.结果表明,通过192 h连续抽提产物环氧丙烷,避免了其对环氧化反应的抑制,流出液中环氧丙烷的浓度仍保持在1.35 mmol/L左右.     

Relationship between Scattered Photon Counts and Concentrations of Some Saline Solutions in Compton Scattering

Compton scattering saline solution was researched. Firstly according to the Compton scattering theory the linear relationship between the concentration and the scattered photon counts was obtained. And then it was proved by Compton scattering experiments for some solutions. According to those experiments, it was found that the slope was decreased when the atomic number of the cation was increased for alkali metal chloride solutions and alkaline-earth metal chloride solutions. Based on those relationships, a new method was promoted with which to measure the concentration of saline solution untouched the measured solution.     

稀土型铁素体不锈钢430组织及韧性研究

以铁素体不锈钢430为研究对象,通过添加0.06%稀土,可改善铁素体不锈钢430的凝固组织,使凝固组织中的柱状晶区域减小,等轴晶区扩大;可改变铁素体不锈钢430中夹杂物的形貌、组分和分布,夹杂物由脆性夹杂改性为塑性夹杂,同时夹杂物的尺寸减少;有利于铁素体不锈钢430热轧板组织的改善,晶粒进一步细化,晶粒度由6级提高到8级;可改变铁素体不锈钢430的冲击断口形貌,断口形貌由脆性解理断口向韧性断口转变。     

柱层析分离-气相色谱法测定脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物中二酯含量

采用硅胶柱层析-气相色谱法对月桂酸甲酯乙氧基化物(LME)中副产物二酯进行了定量分离与测定,同时考察了不同条件下合成的LME中二酯含量的变化规律。结果表明:LME中二酯含量随环氧乙烷(EO)加合数(n)的增加而先增大后趋平衡,当加合数n为8时,其质量分数为2.13%;并随反应温度升高而增大;随原料甲酯所含碳原子个数增加而降低。     

固定化脂肪酶活性的X射线微区分析

利用X射线微区分析的方法，对吸附交联法得到的固定化脂肪酶的微观活性进行了分析。结果表明：以合成出的大孔吸附树脂为固定化酶栽体，酶活较高，活性脂肪酶分布较均匀。并得到了固定化脂肪酶的活性定位的最佳条件。