多壁碳纳米管修饰电极对核黄素的电催化研究

碳纳米管具有导电性和完整的表面结构，因而它可用作一种良好的电极材料。核黄素（维生素B2，RF）是黄素单核苷酸（FMN）和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（FAD）的组成部分。而FMN和FAD是生命体中重要的辅酶，也是多种重要脱氢酶的辅酶，在线粒体呼吸链中起着传递电子和质子的作用。FMN和FAD分子中传递电子的功能部分与核黄素相同，均为异吡咯嗪环。本文用电化学方法研究了核黄素的电化学性质。     

核黄素的燐光分析

核黄素无磷光,加碱在沸水中作用３０ｍｉｎ后产生强的磷光，λｅｘ３９０，λｅｍ５２ ０ｎｍ寿命０．７３ｓ。研究了１６个化合物对核黄素磷光的影响，结果表明，只有硫胺、叶酸、色氨酸、Ｂa＾２＋、Ｉ＾－在浓度比核黄素大１０～１００倍以上才有影响。建立了核黄素的磷光分析法，用于制剂分析及血浆中核黄素的测定，方法简单快速。     

亲水作用加压毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光检测法分析痕量核黄素类物质

一种新型的亲水作用毛细管电色谱(HI-CEC)整体柱被应用于加压毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光检测(pCEC-LIF)联用法对核黄素类物质的分离分析。采用自组装的pCEC-LIF系统,实现了对痕量核黄素(RF)、黄素单核苷酸(FMN)和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)的快速分析。在最优的分离检测条件下,3种化合物在8.0 min内完全分离,RF、FMN和FAD的检出限(LOD, S/N=3)分别为5.0×10－11 mol/L、8.0×10－10mol/L和2.5×10－9mol/L,测定线性范围可达3个数量级,精密度良好。方法简便、全分析时间短、灵敏度和选择性高,血清样品分析实验结果良好,可望进一步应用于体液及细胞中核黄素类物质的痕量检测     

测定核黄素的化学发光新方法

研究了核黄素的化学发光性质，建立了一种测定核黄素的化学发光新方法，并应用于实际样品中核黄素的测定，与文献相比，本方法无需避光，而且分析体系和样品处理简单；干扰小，牛血清白蛋白、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸等８种生物有机物质和 Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）等１５种常见金属离子的允许量较大；核黄素溶液浓度在０． １０～５０ ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内，与化学发光强度成正比，方法线性范围宽；测定１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ核黄素溶液１２次，求得相对标准偏差为２．９％，方法精密度高；方法的检测限为０．０７５ ｍｇ／Ｌ，灵敏度高。     

高锰酸钾—连二亚硫酸钠—核黄素化学发光体系的研究

在酸性溶液中，高锰酸钾能氧化核素产生化学发光，连二亚硫酸钠的存在可使发光强度大大增强，采用流动注射技术，建立了测定核黄素的化学发光分析法，方法的检出限为６．２×１０＾－８ｇ／ｋｍＬ，线性范围为２×１０＾－７～１×１０＾－５ｇ／ｍＬ对４．０×１０＾－６ｇ／ｍＬ核黄素进行１１次平行测定，相对标准偏差为１．８％，方法用于针剂和片剂中核黄素测定，与药典标准方法－紫外分光光度法对照，相对误差不大于±２％。     

氯化钙/三赞胶微胶囊的制备及其对核黄素的控制释放

为实现核黄素在肠道中的可控释放，本研究利用三赞胶的pH响应性，使用滴球法制备三赞胶水凝胶微胶囊，以核黄素为负载药物，氯化钙为调控因子，研究了微胶囊的物性与释放特性。结果表明：0.3%三赞胶在0.06 mol/L盐酸固定液中可以形成稳定的凝胶结构，添加氯化钙后微胶囊的硬度增加但弹性降低。氯化钙添加量由0逐渐增加至10%,三赞胶微胶囊在十二指肠中的释放率无显著变化，空肠释放率由42.5%逐渐降低至24.1%,在氯化钙添加量2%及以上时可在回肠释放，且释放率由21.6%逐渐降低至14.9%。粘度特性与SEM图像分析表明，添加氯化钙提高三赞胶溶液的粘度，降低微胶囊的孔隙度是控制核黄素释放的主要原因。本研究通过调整三赞胶微胶囊中的氯化钙添加量，实现了核黄素在肠道中的可控释放，表明可控释三赞胶微胶囊在口服递送领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

核黄素在电化学还原石墨烯/Nafion修饰电极上的电化学行为及分析检测

本文采用电化学还原石墨烯(ECGO)/Nafion修饰玻碳电极对核黄素的循环伏安特性进行了研究。结果显示,ECGO/Nafion修饰薄膜对核黄素显示出良好的催化效果。实验考察了氧化石墨烯(GO)/Nafion的用量、扫描圈数、pH值、电位等对核黄素电化学行为的影响。在最优条件下,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定了核黄素检测的线性范围,结果显示,氧化峰电流与核黄素的浓度在7.5×10~(-8)~1.0×10~(-5) mol·L~(-1)范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测限可达2.5×10~(-8) mol·L~(-1)。用该方法测定实际样品中的核黄素含量,效果较好。     

高锰酸钾-亚硫酸钠-核黄素化学发光体系的研究

研究了核黄素在酸性条件下与高锰酸钾和亚硫酸钠发生化学发光反应的行为,建立了流动注射化学发光测定核黄素的新方法。核黄素浓度在１．０×１０＾－７－１．０×１０＾－５ｇ／ｍＬ范围内与化学发光强度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为３×１０＾－８ｇ／ｍＬ。对４．。０×１０＾－７ｇ／ｍＬ的核黄素进行１１次平行测定,得方法的相对标准偏差为１．６％。     

核黄素化学发光体系测定盐酸赛庚啶

核黄素是一种荧光试剂,本实验发现,核黄素也可以用作化学发光试剂.以核黄素为化学发光试剂, 构建了NCS-核黄素-盐酸赛庚啶化学发光新体系.利用此体系建立了测定盐酸赛庚啶的化学发光分析新方法.方法的线性范围为0.02～1.0 mg/L, 检出限为9.0 μg/L, 对浓度为01 mg/L盐酸赛庚啶溶液进行11次平行测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.8%.此法已用于药品中盐酸赛庚啶含量的测定, 结果与药典测定结果一致.对化学发光反应的机理也进行了初步的探讨.     

核黄素与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的荧光光谱研究

采用荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱研究了核黄素与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用的光谱行为。结果发现,在温度为293 K和310 K时核黄素与BSA的结合常数(Kb)分别为4.879×105L.mol-1和1.880×105L.mol-1,结合热力学方程计算得到了对应温度下的热力学参数。结果表明核黄素对BSA有较强的荧光猝灭作用,其荧光猝灭过程属于动态猝灭机制,二者主要靠疏水作用力结合。采用同步荧光光谱探讨了核黄素对BSA构象的影响。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).