关于硒缺乏症,硒与透析的探讨

就硒缺乏症、硒与透析的关系，检查了慢性肾功不全患者血清中的硒，其浓度为９．８±１．９μｇ／ｄＬ，正常人的血清中，硒浓度为１３．７±２．６μｇ／ｄＬ．并对慢性肾功不全的患者进行透析，测定其血清中硒浓度为１０．７±３．１μｇ／ｄＬ．结果表明：慢性肾功不全患者血清中硒浓度低于正常人血清中画浓度，经透析后血清中硒浓度虽有上升，但仍不如正常人，并且随着透析期间的延长血清中硒浓度逐渐下降．     

口腔颌面恶性肿瘤患者血清硒,NK细胞活性检测的临床意义及评价

用气相色谱法及四甲基偶氮唑蓝法（ＭＴＴ）对３７例口腔颌面恶性肿瘤初发患者进行手术前后血清硒及外用血ＮＫ细胞活性检测，并以健康人群作对照，结果发现肿瘤患者血硒及ＮＫ细胞活性均显著低于正常水平，并且随着病情进展有进一步降低趋势；治疗（手术）后血硒及ＮＫ细胞活性则明显升高。由此认为对患者进行血硒、ＮＫ细胞活性检测可作为口腔恶性肿瘤的辅助诊断指标之一，并为判断疗效及预后提供参考。同时通过对血硒与免疫应答关系的探讨，认为将硒及ＮＫ细胞运用于肿瘤的防治中具有广阔前景。     

54例白血病患者血清硒含量分析

以催化极谱法测定了５４例白血病患者血清硒含量。结果表明，急淋、急粒患者血清硒含量均低于正常对照组，慢粒及急、慢粒经治疗缓解者血清硒含量与正常对照组间均无显著性差异，提示低硒状态只存在于急性患者，且随病情缓解后血硒水平趋于正常，慢粒与血硒含量没有明显的相关关系。     

肺癌患者血清硒含量的测定及临床意义

测定４０例肺癌患者的血清硒水平，并与健康对照组比较。结果表明，肺癌患者血清硒水平显著低于健康对照组，肺癌患者不同病期及病理类型间血清硒含量无统计学差异。揭示与其他很多肿瘤一样，肺癌患者血清硒水平显著降低，但不可作为判断病期及预测有无转移的指标。硒水平亦与病理类型无关。     

胃癌患者与非癌对照血清微量元素含量对比研究

在医院选择３３例经病理学诊断的胃癌患者及７９例非癌对照，测定其血清锌、铜、锰、钼、硒含量并进行对比分析。结果显示，胃癌患者血清铜含量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５））；血清硒含量亦显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００２）．曾报道，江西土壤有效钼含量与胃癌死亡率呈负相关．江西胃癌患者发钼含量显著低于非癌对照．硒是抗氧化剂和抗氧化酶的重要成分，在抑制自由基反应、清除过氧化物方面起重要作用．显然钼、硒与胃癌关系十分密切。缺乏钼、硒是造成胃癌发病率升高的危险因素。     

胃癌患者血清中五种微量元素含量的分析

报告１９８６年１２月～１９８９年３月间，用极谱法检测了胃癌患者５４例血清中锌、铜、钼、铬和硒等５种微量元素的含量，同时与８３名正常人和１８例胃良性疾病患者进行比较。结果分析发现，胃癌患者血清锌和硒的含量较正常人明显降低（Ｐ＜０，０１及Ｐ＜０．０５）；而血清铜及铜／锌比值较正常人非常显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血清钼和铬的变化与正常人差别不大（Ｐ＞０．０５），结合文献对上述变化的原因、因果关系及意义进行了初步讨论。另总结观察了１５例已行根治性胃大部切除后一年的患者血清锌、铜和硒的变化。发现其含量有较大变化并已接近于正常人的水平，就此提出了用术后各元素值的动态变化作为判断预后的设想。     

肾痹方治疗强直性脊柱炎及其对血清微量元素的影响

以消炎痛为对照，观察肾痹方治疗活动期强直性脊柱炎（AS）的临床疗效及用药前后患者血清微量元素锌，铜，铁，硒的变化。结果表明，肾痹方总显效率优于消炎痛，用药前患者血清锌，铁，硒降低，铜同，治疗后有显著改善，说明微量元素参与了AS的发病，治疗时要注意调整患者血清微量元素水平，这也是肾痹方的作用机理之一。     

血清中Mo、Se、Mn、Cu、Zn与食管癌的关系探讨

通过对１８例食管癌患者以及８０例对照组血清中Ｍｏ、Ｓｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ的测定分析，发现食管瘤患者血硒含量明显低于对照组，二者之间有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而血铜、铜／锌比值食管癌组明显高于对照组，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｍｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ元素的含量在二组之间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示血清硒铜与食管癌有关。     

高血压患者血清中铁锌铜锰硒铬含量的研究

１６５例高血压患者血清中铁，锌，铜，锰，硒，铬的含量与对照组比较，结果显示：１．微量元素铁，锌含量明显升高，而血清铜，铬含量明显降低，其差异均有高度显著性，Ｐ〈０．０１；血清锰和硒的含量，两者差异无显著性，Ｐ〉０．０１．２．上述元素含量的特点可用高血压病的早期预报和治疗。     

低硒克山病病区和非病区居民红细胞免疫功能的对比测定

对比测定了低硒克山病病区和非病区居民的红细胞免疫功能、血清红细胞免疫粘附调节因子和血硒含量。结果表明，低硒病区和非病区居民红细胞Ｃ３ｂＲ花环率和血硒水平显著低于对照非病区，而血清红细胞免疫粘附花环抑制率显著高于对照非病区；３组居民的红细胞免疫复合物花环率和血清红细胞免疫粘附花环促进率无明显差异；低硒病区和非病区居民上述各参数值均相似。研究说明，克山病病区居民红细胞免疫功能低下和血清红细胞免疫粘附抑     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

NiY分子筛表面酸性影响其选择性吸附脱硫性能的机理研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以噻吩、环己烯和苯为模型探针分子,分别考察单一烃分子在NiY分子筛上的吸附与反应行为以及噻吩与烯烃、芳烃间的竞争吸附和催化反应行为。单一探针分子吸附研究发现,NiY分子筛中与Ni物种相关的Lewis(L)酸位是噻吩的选择性吸附活性位;噻吩和环己烯在NiY分子筛中Brnsted(B)酸位上发生的质子化和低聚反应明显弱于HY分子筛。双探针分子竞争吸附研究发现,环己烯二聚体在NiY中强B酸位上的强化学吸附与噻吩存在显著的竞争吸附行为。另外,苯和噻吩在NiY上的竞争吸附现象在373K时明显减弱。由此,在选择性吸附脱硫过程中,减少吸附剂表面B酸中心可降低烯烃对噻吩的竞争吸附,另外适当提高吸附体系的温度可以有效避免芳烃对噻吩的竞争吸附。     

化学单元教学设计的探索

论述了单元教学是落实化学新课程三维目标的基本教学过程,同时对教学单元的含义、教学单元的选择与建构、化学单元教学设计及其意义进行了阐述。