镁原子MgI3snd^1,3D2序列能谱及寿命的研究

本文用多通道量子数亏损理论（ＭＱＤＴ）对镁原子ＭｇＩ单激发Ｒｙｄｂｅｒｇ序列３Ｓｎｄ＾１，３Ｄ２激发态能级结构和能态寿命进行了理论分析和详细的计算，预言了３ｓｎｄ＾１，３Ｄ２序列ｎ≤３０的未知能级及其寿命值，此外，我们还首次预言了实激发态３Ｐ＾２＾１Ｄ２能级位于５４３３０．２６ｃｍ＾－１处。     

Na（4D）＋Na（3S）=Na（4F）＋Na（3S）碰撞能量转移截面

利用双光子吸收，将Ｎａ（３Ｓ）原子激发到４Ｄ态，测量了Ｎａ（４Ｄ）＋Ｎａ（３Ｓ）＝Ｎａ（４Ｆ）＋Ｎａ（３Ｓ）碰撞能量转移截面，因为直接由４Ｆ→３Ｄ的荧光不能探测，所以检测３Ｄ→３Ｐ级联荧光讯号。结合基态钠原子密度的测量，给出了截面值σ４Ｄ→４Ｆ－１．３×１０＾－１４±２８％（ｃｍ＾２）。     

APDC共沉淀分离富集—火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定明矾中的痕量铅

本文研究了ＡＰＤＣ－Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）共沉淀分离富集，开槽管原子捕集火焰原子吸收光谱测定铅的条件，发现痕量铅在ｐＨ值为２－８条件下能被ＡＰＤＣ－Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）定量共沉淀，方法的检出限可达１．５×１０＾－２μｇ／ｍＬ。用于明矾中痕量铅的分离富集和测定，共存物质不产生干扰，样品６次平行测定的相对标准偏差〈４％。加标回收率在９８％－１０３％之间。     

流动注射在线液-液萃取FAAS法测定地表水中痕量铜

研讨了流动注射在线液－液萃取火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地表水中痕量铜的分析方法。采用ＡＰＤＣ为螯合剂,ＭＩＢＫ在线萃取后注入原子吸收光谱仪测定,其相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）为３．５％;检出限（３σ）为９．１１＊１０＾－２μｇ．Ｌ＾－１,加标回收率为９５％－１０３％。     

激发态Na和K原子间的碰撞能量合并

置于同一池中的Ｎａ原子和Ｋ原子，分别被连续染料激光器和Ｋ光谱灯激发型Ｎａ（３Ｐ），Ｋ（４Ｐ），Ｎａ（３Ｐ）原子密度由吸收等效宽度技术测定。利用调制技术，分离出了由异核碰撞产生的荧光光谱，观察到了Ｎａ（３Ｐ）和Ｋ（４Ｐ）间的磁能量合并现象，并测定了其碰撞截面。     

萃取—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯氧化钐中的铜和铅

本文研究了ＡＰＤＣ／ＭＩＢＫ萃取－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯稀土氧化钐中的铜和铅。详细探讨了测定条件和萃取条件。该法简单，准确和适用。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱的现代谱估计

用现代谱估计方法对电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）及其信号特性作了讨论。本工作用现代谱估计技术中的自回归模型（ＡＲ）方法计算功率谱。采用Ｌｅｖｉｎｓｏｎ－Ｄｕｒｂｉｎ递归算法计算ＡＲ模型的参数,然后用这些参数计算功率谱。用实际的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ光谱和测量信号所得的结果表明,采用谱估计方法可以对ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ光谱的频率构成和特性作进一步深入的理解。     

Na（3P）十Rb（5P）碰撞能量转移截面

置于同一池中的钠原子和铷原子，分别被连续染料激光器和铷光谱灯激发到Ｎａ（３Ｐ），Ｒｂ（５Ｐ），Ｎａ（３Ｐ）原子密度由吸收等效宽度技术测定，利用调制技术分离出了由异核碰撞产生的荧光光谱，观察到了Ｎａ（３Ｐ）和Ｒｂ（５Ｐ）问的碰撞能量合并现象，并测定了其碰撞截面。     

用速度成像方法测量碘原子的光电子能谱及角分布

使用离子速度成像（Ｉｏｎ Ｉｍａｇｉｎｇ－Ｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ Ｍａｐｐｉｎｇ）技术来测量光电子能谱及其角分布，对碘原子在２７７ｎｍ附近的（２＋１）多光子电离过程Ｉ＾＊（＾２Ｐ１／２）→Ｉ′（＾１Ｄ２）６ｐ［１］１／２→Ｉ＾＋和Ｉ（２Ｐ３／２）→Ｉ′（＾３Ｐ０）６ｐ［１］１／２→Ｉ＾＋进行了研究。与文献报道的结果相比，分辨率要好５倍，相对能量分辨率达到６％。还讨论了速度成像方法中速度分布校正和重构三维     

激光诱导镁原子S—S,S—D禁戒跃迁

报道在镁金属蒸气中利用两束激光三光子共振激发原子３ｓｎｐ１Ｐ中高里德堡态时，观察到随泵浦激光功率的增强，出现３ｓ４ｓ１Ｓ０－３ｓｎｓ１Ｓ０、３ｓｎｄ１Ｄ２（ｎ≈１８～３２）偶宇称态偶极禁戒跃迁增强，以及３ｓｎｓ１Ｓ０能级移动现象，并解释为光泵过程引起的原子激发态碰撞效应。利用禁戒跃迁首次测定了Ｍｇ３ｓｎｓ１Ｓ０（ｎ＝２２～３０）能级。     

Three-dimensional atomic scale analysis of nanostructured materials

The 3-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) has been used to provide atomic-scale microcharacterisation of a number of nanostructured materials. Grain boundary segregation has been investigated in electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel and Ni-P. In the nanocrystalline nickel, there was no observable grain boundary segregation in the as-deposited condition. After annealing, carbon and sulphur contamination was found at the boundary of an abnormally-grown grain. In the as-deposited Ni-P alloy, only limited grain boundary segregation of P is seen, but annealing produces significant segregation and the formation of Ni₃P precipitates at grain boundaries. The phase chemistry in a melt-spun amorphous Fe-Si-Cu-Nb-B-Al (FINEMET-type) alloy has also been studied, and the hetereogeneous nucleation of Fe-Si nanocrystals at Cu precipitates shown conclusively. It is found that at early stages of crystallisation, there is only limited partitioning of the Si between the nanocrystals and the amorphous matrix. Atom probe studies of thin layered films have historically been limited by specimen preparation problems, but recent advances have now yielded data on metallic multilayer films. This has allowed atomic-scale measurements of interface chemistry in these films for the first time.     

Ultrafast emission of ions during laser ablation of metal for 3D atom probe

The 3D atom probe(3DAP) is an imaging instrument based on the controlled field evaporation of single atoms from a sample having a tip shape with an end radius of 50 nm. In the fs laser assisted 3DAP the evaporation is induced by the laser pulses so that the physical process involved in this 3DAP analysis might correspond to the very early stages of the ablation process. In this paper we present the principle of the 3DAP and we discuss the existing models of the fs assisted evaporation. At last, we test the relevance of these models with pump-probe experiments on tungsten tips in the tomographic atom probe.     

Emergence and visualization of an interface state during contact formation with a single molecule

Contact formation dynamics and electronic perturbations arising from the interaction of a metallic probe and a single molecule (1,3 cyclohexadiene) bound on the Si (100) surface are examined using a series of plane wave, density functional theory calculations. The approach of the probe induces a relaxation of the molecule that ultimately leads to the formation of an interface state due to a specific interaction between the probe apex atom and the C=C bond of the molecule. The calculated interface state is located 0.2 eV above the Fermi energy, in agreement with low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy local density of states data (0.35 eV), and is responsible for the contrast observed in low bias empty-state STM images.     

Vertical WS_2 spin valve with Ohmic property based on Fe_3GeTe_2 electrodes

The two-dimensional(2 D) transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs) have been recently proposed as a promising class of materials for spintronic applications. Here, we report on the all-2 D van der Waals(vd W) heterostructure spin valve device comprising of an exfoliated ultra-thin WS_2 semiconductor acting as the spacer layer and two exfoliated ferromagnetic Fe_3 GeTe_2(FGT) metals acting as ferromagnetic electrodes. The metallic interface rather than Schottky barrier is formed despite the semiconducting nature of WS_2, which could be originated from the strong interface hybridization. The spin valve effect persists up to the Curie temperature of FGT. Moreover, our metallic spin valve devices exhibit robust spin valve effect where the magnetoresistance magnitude does not vary with the applied bias in the measured range up to 50 μA due to the Ohmic property, which is a highly desirable feature for practical application that requires stable device performance. Our work reveals that WS_2-based all-2 D magnetic vd W heterostructure, facilitated by combining 2 D magnets, is expected to be an attractive candidate for the TMDCs-based spintronic applications.     

A study on the early-stage decomposition in the Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloy AA6111 by electrical resistivity and three-dimensional atom probe

Electrical resistivity measurements and three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analysis were employed to investigate early-stage decomposition of the Al alloy AA6111 in the temperature range 60–180°C where electrical resistivity initially increased with ageing time. 3DAP measurements provided information on the shape, number density and solute content of the precipitates, as well as the solute concentration of the matrix, for the ageing conditions corresponding to the resistivity maxima. Using the 3DAP results, the precipitate size distributions for these ageing conditions were determined in terms of the measured number of solute atoms per precipitate. The number density and the Cu content of the precipitates decreased with increasing temperature, whereas the Mg/Si ratio increased. The size distribution of precipitates at the higher ageing temperatures showed the addition of larger size precipitates to the precipitate population. A modification to Matthiessen's law was employed to describe the anomalous resistivity increase by considering the effect of solutes and precipitates on the resistivity evolution. Using the 3DAP results in analysing the resistivity anomaly, it was found that the decrease in the resistivity maxima with increasing temperature was associated with the decrease in the number density of precipitates and not the scattering power of precipitates. The 3DAP results were further used to provide information on the mechanisms of early-stage decomposition and the temperature dependence of the nucleation rate. From this, the nucleation rate appeared to be controlled by the migration of solute atoms, which was assisted by quenched-in vacancies.     

真空中固液界面的离子束分析研究

原位实时地高精度测量固液界面的元素或离子(电荷)组成和动态变化对于界面反应和相互作用研究非常重要,但是传统的高分辨离子束分析实验在真空环境中不能直接测量液体样品。本文研制了一种固体-液体界面探针,该探针使用氮化硅-铝纳米复合膜作为真空密封窗和电化学电极,利用复旦大学核微探针成功开展了真空中固体-液体界面探针0.01 mol/L氯化钡和1 mol/L氯化镧溶液样品固体-液体界面的卢瑟福背散射(RBS)分析和粒子激发X射线(PIXE)分析。实验结果表明,真空环境下,固液界面探针纳米薄窗可承受2 MeV He+离子注量为1.0×1018 ions/cm2的辐照。微区PIXE分析成功获得了固液界面探针结构的元素分布。通过对卢瑟福背散射能谱进行分析,获取了20 nm分辨的电极界面微米深溶液中的La, Cl元素浓度。在1 mol/L的LaCl3固液界面电极表面,负电压(–2.3 V)时电解质离子在电极表面高浓度聚集,正电压(+2.3 V)时电解质在电极表面呈低浓度分布,在约1 250 nm深处电解质溶液趋向于体浓度。     

Kelvin probe force microscopy and its application

Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a tool that enables nanometer-scale imaging of the surface potential on a broad range of materials. KPFM measurements require an understanding of both the details of the instruments and the physics of the measurements to obtain optimal results. The first part of this review will introduce the principles of KPFM and compare KPFM to other surface work function and potential measurement tools, including the Kelvin probe (KP), photoemission spectroscopy (PES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an electron beam induced current (EBIC) measurement system. The concept of local contact potential difference (LCPD), important for understanding atomic resolution KPFM, is discussed. The second part of this review explores three applications of KPFM: metallic nanostructures, semiconductor materials, and electrical devices.     

Features of the scattering of focused terahertz radiation from the probe of a terahertz near-field microscope

The scattering of pulsed terahertz radiation from metallic probes in the form of thin cylinders and cones with a small opening angle, which are used in apertureless terahertz near-field microscopes, has been investigated. The extrema of the waveform of pulsed terahertz radiation scattered from a free probe are linearly shifted with a change in the vertical position of the probe, and the spectral distribution is characterized by an inversely proportional frequency dependence. In the presence of a reflecting surface under the probe, when new excitation and detection directions appear, the spectrum of scattered terahertz radiation does not differ from the spectrum of the incident radiation. The experimental data are in mutual agreement with the theoretical results obtained within the model of the generation of diffraction edge waves at the interface of inhomogeneous excitation between the excitation region and shadow region.     

掺锰磷化铟中1.18eV辐射的施主受主对辐射性质的研究

通过对掺锰磷化铟的1.18eV辐射的频率响应谱(FRS)及辐射峰随激发强度的位移的研究得到了明确的证据,确认这个光致发光辐射的施主受主对(DAP)复合的性质。一个和Mn2+相关的复合跃迁过程被提出用以解释有关的实验结果。     

3D atom probe study of gas adsorption and reaction on alloy catalyst surfaces II: Results on Pt and Pt-Rh

The 3-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) is a unique instrument providing chemical analysis at the atomic scale for a wide range of materials. A dedicated 3DAP has been built specifically for analysing reactions at metal surfaces, called the catalytic atom probe (CAP). This paper presents an overview of results from the CAP on structural and chemical transformations to surface layers of Pt and Pt-17.4 at.%Rh catalysts following exposure to a number of gases typically emitted by vehicle engine exhausts, normally for 15 min at pressures of 10 mbar. Following exposure to the oxidising gases NO on Pt, and NO, O₂ or N₂O on Pt-Rh, both surfaces appear disrupted, while for Pt-Rh, Rh enrichment of the surface atomic layer is noted over the entire specimen apex for exposure temperatures up to 523 K. However, for oxidising exposures at 573-773 K relatively clean, Rh-depleted surfaces are observed on {0 0 1}, {0 1 1} and {0 1 2} crystallographic regions of Pt-Rh. It is suggested that this result is due to surface diffusion of oxide species over the specimen apex, towards the {1 1 1}-orientated areas where the oxides appear to be stabilised. In contrast, CO exposure appears to have little effect on the either the surface structure or composition of the Pt-Rh alloy. Finally, combinations of two gases (NO + CO, O₂ + NO) were also dosed onto Pt-Rh alloys in the same exposure. These revealed that while NO and CO can co-adsorb without interference, CO prevents the build up of oxide layers and reduces the extent of Rh segregation seen under NO exposure alone. On exposing Pt-Rh to NO after an oxygen exposure, heavily oxidised surfaces, Rh segregation and no intact NO molecules were seen, confirming the ability of oxidised Pt-Rh to dissociate nitric oxide.