交流阻抗法在细胞分析中应用的研究进展

交流阻抗法作为一种新型的无标记、全程动态、实时分析方法已在细胞研究中得到了广泛应用。本文综述了基于交流阻抗法进行细胞分析的研究新进展,重点对非法拉第阻抗谱法和法拉第阻抗谱法用于细胞分析的原理及应用进行了总结,主要包括交流阻抗法在细胞形态、细胞生长、细胞增殖、细胞凋亡以及作用于细胞的药效和毒性研究中的应用,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

直接甲醇燃料电池的交流阻抗谱分析*

由于能够提供比直流测试方法更为丰富的信息,交流阻抗图谱近些年被广泛的用于直接甲醇燃料电池的研究中。同PEMFC相比,直接甲醇燃料电池具有更为复杂的电极体系。本文通过对交流阻抗技术在直接甲醇燃料电池领域应用的几个关键技术问题的分析,并按照阻抗分析过程的具体的实施步骤加以组织,结合具体的应用实例以阐述交流阻抗谱在直接甲醇燃料电池的各个应用方面,包括电池的原位极化分析,反应机理的剖析,材料性能评估等。     

细胞色素C在离子液体修饰电极上的电化学行为

分别合成了疏水和亲水性咪唑类离子液体,并制备了相应的两种离子液体修饰的玻碳电极。循环伏安法测量结果显示,细胞色素C在离子液体修饰的玻碳电极上的电子传递过程为一扩散控制的准可逆反应,表明咪唑类离子液体也可用作细胞色素C电子传递的有效促进剂。电化学交流阻抗谱的测量结果得到了与循环伏安相同的结论。     

普鲁士蓝/壳聚糖共沉积膜修饰电极的交流阻抗谱研究

壳聚糖与普鲁士蓝同时在金电极上电沉积获得的复合膜具有良好的电子传递性能和对过氧化氢的电催化性能,可以为生物分子提供合适的亲水性环境,进而研发性能优异的电化学生物传感器.交流阻抗谱法可用于研究电极表面修饰性能,该文对普鲁士蓝/壳聚糖(PB/CS)共沉积膜的交流阻抗测量条件进行了选择,并通过对交流阻抗谱的分析探讨了制备PB/CS共沉积修饰膜的最佳条件:电沉积液的pH值为2,电解电压为0.4 V,电沉积时间为300 s.这与循环伏安法的研究结果完全一致,并通过对交流阻抗曲线的讨论更深入地解释了其中的原因.     

一种胶质瘤细胞的核酸适体电化学阻抗传感器

本文基于交流阻抗谱技术发展了一种新型的高灵敏核酸适体传感器用于胶质瘤细胞的检测。该传感器通过巯基在金表面的混合自组装,将腱肽蛋白c的核酸适体探针固定于金电极表面。基于腱肽蛋白在胶质瘤细胞表面的高表达,利用细胞与电极表面核酸适体探针的特异性生物识别对铁氰化物电化学阻抗的抑制,建立了胶质瘤细胞检测的核酸适体传感器。考察并优化了核酸适体/巯基丙酸混合自组装比例、反应时间、温度和离子强度等对传感器性能有显著影响的分析条件,结果表明该传感器的阻抗响应与胶质瘤细胞浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为100~50 000 cell/mL,其检出限可达50 cell/mL。     

液/液界面的电化学阻抗谱测量Ⅰ: 四电极系统中各类界面阻抗的分析

本文系统地研究了将阻抗谱技术应用于液/液界面电化学领域时所出现的问题。提出了四电极系统中液/液界面交流阻抗的表达式。从理论上分析了电解池参数和仪器输入参数对所得交流阻抗曲线的影响。     

PtRu/C催化剂上甲醇电氧化的电化学阻抗谱

利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了甲醇在不同电化学极化处理后的PtRu/C催化剂上的电氧化动力学参数.通过交流阻抗理论的分析,从理论上研究了不同电势区间(低、中、高)内反应中间产物的表面覆盖率随电极电势的变化规律以及对反应法拉第电流的影响,较好地解释了甲醇电氧化实验中的动力学规律在低电势区,甲醇分子脱除第一个氢原子的基元反应,即第一个电子的传递反应为速率控制步骤,而在高电势区,反应中间产物COads的氧化脱除则为速率控制步骤.     

多相高分子快离子导体阻抗谱的研究

研究了以ＬｉＣｌＯ４掺杂的聚乙二醇聚氨酯双离子导体及磺酸型聚乙二醇聚氨酯离聚物单一离子导体的阻抗谱，给出了多相快离子导体交流阻抗测试系统的等效电路．通过阻抗谱计算机解析，计算得出了样品的基本电学参数．通过讨论界面阻抗的色散现象，计算出样品的离子电导率，和阻抗谱解析法得到的结果相一致．     

润滑油的电化学分析研究进展

文章综合评述了电导法、介电常数法、气敏传感器、伏安法和阻抗谱技术在石油产品分析中的应用,石油产品的特定电学或电化学效应与其性能关系密切,采用这些电化学分析技术进行润滑油分析不失为一种便利与可靠的选择.因此,电化学分析法在石油产品分析中有着很好的发展潜力.     

电化学阻抗谱法测定固态聚合物电解质的本体电阻

采用电化学阻抗谱法,对阻抗谱中的聚合物电解质本体电阻（Rb）与膜厚（L）的关系和固体聚合物电解质/惰性电极间的界面阻抗随直流电压的变化趋势进行了研究.结果表明,阻抗谱中聚合物电解质本体电阻（Rb）含有一定的阻塞电极/聚合物电解质间的界面阻抗;由于界面双电层电容的变化,在直流电压0.15～3 V范围内,界面阻抗随电压的增大而减小.     

Self-assembled monolayers on Au microelectrodes

Long chain alkanethiols self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed on Au microelectrodes showed higher sensitivity towards defects than the same monolayers on macroelectrodes. The analysis of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments performed on covered microelectrodes were consistent with the formation of pinholes of about 10 nm in diameter. Moreover, the EIS data exhibited a specific behavior that was interpreted invoking the short circuiting of the pinholes impedance by the surrounding surface of the microelectrode in the high frequency domain, whereas in the low frequencies, the surface covered by the SAM was assume to act as an insulator.     

染料敏化太阳电池阻抗特性研究

电化学阻抗谱(EIS)是染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)领域中最重要的研究手段之一。本文详细介绍了EIS在DSC研究中的理论模型、实验方法、内部电荷传输和转移过程、阻抗信息提取和动力学过程解析的最新研究进展;综述了其在光阳极、电解液体系、对电极、稳定性、新结构设计等DSC各个研究领域中的应用,特别总结了DSC内部各个组成部分的阻抗特性。最后,对这些方面存在的问题进行了评论,并对未来新材料和电池机理的深入研究进行了展望。     

导电高分子膜的电化学阻抗谱研究进展

本文结合近年来导电高分子的电化学阻抗谱（EIS）的研究进展,综述了几个EIS理论模型在导电高分子膜研究中的应用和发展。     

钴(II)离子阴极还原的研究

研究Co~(2+)离子的阴极还原,主要是由于钴的湿法冶金和电镀生产的需要,以及理论研究上的兴趣.研究表明,钴离子的阴极还原过程是复杂的,很大程度上取决于电解液的酸度.Simonova 和Rotinyan 根据pH=2.5-4的实验数据,提出了二电子还原和分步还原平行进行的钴还原机理,用以解释85—150mV 的塔费尔斜率,这实际上反映了酸度对钴还原的影响.Epelboin 和Wiart 根据阴极极化特征和阻抗分析,认为Co~(2+)离子还原时可能     

Design and 3D modeling investigation of a microfluidic electrode array for electrical impedance measurement of single yeast cells

High-resolution microscopic imaging may cause intensive image processing and potential impact of light irradiation on yeast replicative lifespan (RLS). Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) could be alternatively used to perform high-throughput and label-free yeast RLS assays. Prior to fabricating EIS-integrated microfluidic devices for yeast RLS determination, systematic modeling and theoretical investigation are crucial for device design and optimization. Here, we report three-dimensional (3D) finite-element modeling and simulations of EIS measurement in a microfluidic single yeast in situ impedance array (SYIIA), which is designed by patterning an electrode matrix underneath a cell-trapping array. SYIIA was instantiated and modeled as a 5 × 5 sensing array comprising 25 units for cell immobilization, culturing, and time-lapse EIS recording. Simulations of yeast growing and budding in a sensing unit demonstrated that EIS signals enable the characterization of cell growth and daughter-cell dissections. In the 5 × 5 sensing array, simulation results indicated that when monitoring a target cell, daughter dissections in its surrounding traps may induce variations of the recorded EIS signals, which could cause mistakes in identifying target daughter-cell dissections. To eliminate the mis-identifications, electrode array pitch was optimized. Therefore, the results could conduct the design and optimization of microfluidic electrode-array-integrated devices for high-throughput and accurate yeast RLS assays.     

电化学阻抗谱在质子交换膜燃料电池动态的先导应用

通过分析电化学阻抗（EIS）在质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）动态应用,本文指出制约EIS 工具发展的瓶颈问题. EIS 高频电阻确定电池内阻已成普遍方法,但仅在小电流电池可以应用;低频分析因涉及物质传输仍是难点和重点;EIS 改进型Randles 等效电路分析已初步建立,并深入至物质传输-反应、电池操作/衰减、高温电池研究;EIS 正发展为电堆分析工具、电动汽车控制核心. 然而多学科交叉的暂态EIS 发展,仍是前沿突破难点.     

Long-Term Stability Analysis of 3D and 2D/3D Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Despite the remarkable progress in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their instability and rapid degradation over time still restrict their commercialization. A 2D capping layer has been proved to overcome the stability issues; however, an in-depth understanding of the complex degradation processes over a prolonged time at PSC interfaces is crucial for improving their stability. In the current work, we investigated the stability of a triple cation 3D ([(FA_0.83MA_0.17)Cs_0.05]Pb(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃) and 2D/3D PSC fabricated by a layer-by-layer deposition technique (PEAI-based 2D layer over triple cation 3D perovskite) using a state-of-art characterization technique: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A long-term stability test over 24 months was performed on the 3D and 2D/3D PSCs with an initial PCE of 18.87% and 20.21%, respectively, to suggest a more practical scenario. The current-voltage (J-V) and EIS results showed degradation in both the solar cell types; however, a slower degradation rate was observed in 2D/3D PSCs. Finally, the quantitative analysis of the key EIS parameters affected by the degradation in 3D and 2D/3D PSCs were discussed.     

Analysis of large experimental datasets in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

An approach for the analysis of large experimental datasets in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been developed. The approach uses the idea of successive Bayesian estimation and splits the multidimensional EIS datasets into parts with reduced dimensionality. Afterwards, estimation of the parameters of the EIS-models is performed successively, from one part to another, using complex nonlinear least squares (CNLS) method. The results obtained on the previous step are used as a priori values (in the Bayesian form) for the analysis of the next part. To provide high stability of the sequential CNLS minimisation procedure, a new hybrid algorithm has been developed. This algorithm fits the datasets of reduced dimensionality to the selected EIS models, provides high stability of the fitting and allows semi-automatic data analysis on a reasonable timescale. The hybrid algorithm consists of two stages in which different zero-order optimisation strategies are used, reducing both the computational time and the probability to overlook the global optimum. The performance of the developed approach has been evaluated using (i) simulated large EIS dataset which represents a possible output of a scanning electrochemical impedance microscopy experiments, and (ii) experimental dataset, where EIS spectra were acquired as a function of the electrode potential and time. The developed data analysis strategy showed promise and can be further extended to other electroanalytical EIS applications which require multidimensional data analysis.