固相萃取-离子色谱测定大气颗粒物的甲胺类及其氧化产物

建立了测定大气颗粒物中氧化三甲胺、一甲胺、二甲胺和三甲胺的固相萃取离子色谱的分析方法。选取20 mL甲醇-水(1∶3,V/V)混和液,超声提取石英滤膜,重复提取2次。提取结束后,合并3次提取液共60 mL,上样到固相萃取设备。使用Agilent Accu Bond C_(18)为固相萃取柱富集提取液中的一甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺和氧化三甲胺。采用0.5 mL乙腈洗脱萃取柱上的甲胺类物质。洗脱后,向溶液中加入1.5 mL去离子水定容,离子色谱定量分析。用阳离子色谱柱PRP X-200(250 mm×4.1 mm,10 μm)为分离柱,以3%(V/V)乙腈和5 mmol/L HNO_3为淋洗液,流动相流速1.0 mL/min,柱温箱温度25℃,30 min内4种胺类物质完全分离。方法线性范围为0.45~1000 μg/kg,精密度在2%~4%之间,检出限为0.09~0.14 μg/kg(0.002~0.003 μg/m~3),加标回收率大于90%。将本方法应用于北京市沙尘和霾天气的细颗粒样品分析中,三甲胺和氧化三甲胺的浓度分别为0.01~0.08 μg/m~3和0.02~0.14 μg/m~3。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定固定污染源废气中三甲胺的含量

按照HJ/T 55或GB/T 16157的相关规定,用固定量0.12mol·L~(-1)盐酸溶液吸收采集固定污染源废气中三甲胺。分取样品溶液10.00mL,移至顶空瓶中,加入氯化钠3.2g和硫酸钾1.0g,并用微量注射器加入质量分数为50%的NaOH溶液500μL和氨水100μL,立即密封顶空瓶,在顶空平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间为30min的条件下进行顶空采样。选择CP-Volamine石英毛细管色谱柱进行三甲胺及其他5种研究的脂肪胺类化合物的定量分离,采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)进行检测。分别按HJ/T 55及GB/T 16157规定的方法各取三甲胺标准气体20L,分别进行7组平行试验,测得前一采样方法的检出限[t_(n-1,0.99))×s]为0.004mg·m~(-3),后一采样方法的检出限[t_(n-1,0.99))×s]为0.02mg·m~(-3)。另取高浓度(0.510μmol·mol~(-1))、中浓度(0.102μmol·mol~(-1))及低浓度(0.010 2μmol·mol~(-1))等3种浓度的三甲胺标准气体,按规定方法采样并分析6次,计算得三甲胺的回收率在90.1%～108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.2%～6.7%之间。应用此方法分析实际样品,测定结果表明该方法能满足国家标准GB 14554-93及天津市和上海市两地方标准对恶臭污染物排放的规定,并配合上述标准的执行。     

液相色谱法测定食品添加剂苯甲酸钠中的苯酚含量

建立了反相高效液相色谱检测苯甲酸钠中苯酚的方法,苯酚在0.05~10μg/mL浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限为0.02μg/ml。在5.0~8.0μg/g浓度范围内,样品的添加回收率为90%~108%,相对标准偏差为0.52%。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定天然水中无机砷的形态

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术快速测定天然水中无机As形态的分析方法。采用Capcell PAK C18色谱柱分离As3+和As5+,5 min内可完成色谱分离,缩短了分析时间。在优化条件下,方法检出限可达到0.11μg/L和0.12μg/L,可满足天然水样品中无机砷形态的分析要求。研究了As形态标准溶液在不同保存条件下的形态稳定性问题,确定了无机As形态工作标准溶液和野外天然水样品采集和保存的最佳条件和时间。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时检测食物中毒样品中的敌鼠钠盐、杀鼠醚和杀鼠灵

建立了反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器同时快速检测食物中毒样品中的敌鼠钠盐、杀鼠醚和杀鼠灵的分析方法。固体样品用乙腈提取,液体样品用乙酸乙酯提取。以V(乙腈)∶V(0.010 mol/L乙酸铵)=57∶43(pH 4.50)为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器分别在波长286和306 nm处同时检测,在8 min内即可完成色谱分析。敌鼠钠盐、杀鼠醚和杀鼠灵在0.05~20.0μg/mL范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限固体样品为0.015μg/g,液体样品为0.003μg/mL,样品加标平均回收率在85.0%~109.2%之间,相对标准偏差为1.0%~9.6%。     

水杨基萤光酮荧光熄灭法测定微量钨

本文用荧光熄灭法研究了水杨基荧光酮(SAF)-溴化十六烷基三甲胺(CTMAB)-W(VI)体系的测定方法及条件。在pH1.2～3.5的硫酸介质中,检测限为0.1μg/25ml,在0.1～2.5μg/25ml范围内具有线性关系。本法灵敏度高,选择性好,用于检测合金钢中钨,结果满意。     

自动顶空-气相色谱法测定手机壳中12种挥发性有机物

采用自动顶空-气相色谱法测定手机壳中12种挥发性有机物。采用毛细管色谱柱分离,FID检测,12种有机物能够很好分离,线性较好,样品加标回收率在90.8%~106.7%范围内,相对标准偏差在4.9%~11%之间,相关系数在0.99以上,检出限为0.01μg/g。对色谱柱、气相色谱运行参数、自动顶空条件进行了优化。方法适合于手机壳中残留有机物测定。     

高效液相色谱同时测定鸡蛋中4种氟喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了固相萃取—反相高效液相色谱同时分析鸡蛋样品中4种氟喹诺酮类药物残留量的方法。对鸡蛋样品的提取及其在C18固相萃取柱上的净化条件进行了研究,采用高效液相色谱分离,荧光检测器检测(λex=280nm,λem=450nm),外标法定量。4种沙星标准曲线的线性回归系数均在0．9999以上,环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星的线性范围为2．5～500μg／L;达诺沙星为0．5～100μg/L。鸡蛋样品中4种沙星的加标回收率为78．1％～95．7％;相对标准偏差为4．1％～16．2％。环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星的最低检出限为10μg／kg;达诺沙星的最低检出限为2μg/kg。     

高效液相色谱-发光二极管诱导荧光法快速检测饲料中的苯并[a]芘

基于自行设计与组装的发光二极管(LED)诱导荧光检测器,结合高效液相色谱分离,发展了一种饲料中苯并[a]芘的快速测定方法。样品以乙腈作为提取溶剂,超声提取30min,上清液过滤后直接采用高效液相色谱-LED诱导荧光检测进行分析。结果表明:方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.23μg/kg;阴性饲料样品3个加标水平1.0μg/kg、5.0μg/kg、20.0μg/kg,回收率为81%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为3.27%~9.67%。与常规检测方法相比,本方法不仅充分发挥了荧光检测法灵敏度高的优势,更重要的是简化了样品前处理,缩短了分析时间、减少了样品处理量和溶剂消耗量。     

微孔膜气体扩散分离流动注射光度法测定废水中氰化物

研究了利用吡啶-巴比妥酸显色体系反应的中间产物,采用微孔膜气体扩散分离流动注射分析技术测定工业废水中氰化物,该法具有简便、快速并能消除某些干扰的特点。进样频率为65个样/h,检出限为0.02μg/ml,取氰化物2.5μg/ml时测量的相对标准偏差为0.3％(n=20),测定实际样品结果令人满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.