三相中空纤维膜液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量双酚A

建立了三相中空纤维膜液相微萃取-高效液相色谱(HF-LPME-HPLC)方法,用于分析测定水中痕量双酚A的含量.设计了三相中空纤维膜液相微萃取系统,优化的HP-LPME最佳萃取条件为:萃取剂为正辛醇,接受相NaOH浓度为0.09 mol/L,样品溶液pH=4.0,NaC1加入量为30 g/L,搅拌速度为900 r/min,萃取时间为60 min.萃取后取20 μL接受相进行色谱分析.在最佳萃取条件下,方法的线性范围为0.5～200 μg/L(r＞ 0.999),检出限(信噪比为3)为0.2 μg/L;富集因子为241;方法RSD＜3.2％ (n=3).在实际环境水样中添加5,20和50μg/L的双酚A标准物质,加标平均回收率为92.8％～101.9％.表明本方法可用于水中痕量双酚A的快速准确测定.     

高效液相色谱电化学安培法同时测定大米中4种氨基甲酸酯农药残留量

报道了用液相色谱法测定微量氨基甲酸酯农药的方法，氨基甲酸酯先在碱性条件水解，生成的酚用液相色谱安培法测定。研究了最优色谱条件。该法简单、快速、灵敏，已应用于测定大米中克百威、西维因、异丙威和甲硫威４种氨基甲酸酯农药残留量。     

离子液体分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定番茄中的氨基甲酸酯类农药

将离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIm][PF6])作为萃取剂,采用分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法分析番茄样品中的4种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留,并考察了不同缓冲溶液浓度、pH值及萃取时间等因素对分散液相微萃取效果的影响。在优化实验条件下,该方法对涕灭威、克百威、甲萘威、异丙威的富集倍数分别为317、430、545、625,且具有良好的线性范围(0.01～10mg/L)和较低的检出限(0.12～0.43μg/L),对涕灭威、克百威、甲萘威、异丙威测定5次的相对标准偏差为5.3%～5.5%,用于示范区采集的番茄样品分析,平均加标回收率为75%～120%。研究表明[BMIm][PF6]可有效地萃取番茄中的氨基甲酸酯类农药残留,具有萃取效率高、灵敏度高、操作简单、绿色环保等优点,可以满足番茄样品中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测要求。     

HPLC-MS-MS法测定水体中残留的氨基甲酸酯类农药

应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS-MS)联用技术,建立了检测水体中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的方法。水样经氨基柱固相萃取,二氯甲烷洗脱,梯度流动相洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式采集、选择反应性监测模式(SRM)对定性、定量离子进行MS/MS测定。5种氨基甲酸酯类农药在5～200ng/L范围内线性关系良好,回收率为80%～92%,相对标准偏差均小于10%,方法检出限分别为:异丙威和仲丁威为1.4ng/L,克百威和甲萘威为1.5ng/L,恶虫威为1.6ng/L。该方法适用于水体中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测。     

环境水样中百菌清残留的单滴微萃取-反相液相色谱测定

应用单滴微萃取(SDME)-反相液相色谱(RPLC)检测了环境水样中的百菌清残留.优化了单滴微萃取条件:环己烷萃取剂6 μL、单滴体积2 μL、搅拌速率350 r/min、萃取时间40 min、水溶液温度35 ℃、无盐度.水样经单滴微萃取后,使用Hypersil C18柱反相液相色谱分离测定百菌清.反相液相色谱条件:100%甲醇流动相、流速1.0 mL/min、柱温25 ℃、224 nm检测.方法的线性范围、检出限、相对标准偏差和富集倍数分别为1.0 ～50 μg/L、0.02 μg/L、6.1%和427倍.采用该法对环境水样中的百菌清残留进行了测定,环境水样的加标回收率为98% ～106%.     

三相中空纤维液相微萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测饮品中的苯甲酸与山梨酸

将三相中空纤维液相微萃取(HF-LPME)和超高效液相色谱与串联质谱技术(UPLC-MS/MS)相结合检测饮品中的苯甲酸和山梨酸。通过优化选定三相中空纤维液相微萃取的最佳萃取条件:正辛醇为萃取剂,给出相的pH值为2.7,接收相的pH值为13.6,转速1 000 r/min,萃取时间30 min,以一步完成萃取、净化、富集过程,并用Waters ACQUITYTMUPLC BEH C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱进行分离,流速0.25 mL/min,流动相为甲醇和10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液,梯度洗脱,电喷雾负模式(ESI-)电离和多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。该方法在0.05～5.0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,r均大于0.997,苯甲酸和山梨酸的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.005、0.01 mg/L,定量下限(S/N=10)分别为0.01、0.02 mg/L,在0.1、1.0、4.0 mg/L加标水平下的回收率为91%～103%,相对标准偏差小于6.0%。将该方法运用于实际样品的检测,方法准确、快速、灵敏、绿色环保,适于复杂基质饮品中苯甲酸和山梨酸的检测。     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定水样中4种头孢菌素的含量

基于中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱(HF-LPME/HPLC),建立了水样中痕量头孢唑林(CZO)、头孢呋辛(CXM)、头孢他定(CAZ)和头孢西丁(FOX) 4种头孢菌素残留的检测方法。优化得到最佳萃取条件:萃取溶剂为1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Omin]PF_6),辅助萃取溶剂为10%三正辛基氧膦(TOPO),样品溶液pH值为2.5,萃取时间为20 min,萃取温度为30℃,搅拌速率为600 r/min。以Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18)(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)为色谱柱,以0.05 mol/L醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 4.0)-乙腈(9∶1,体积比)为流动相,4种头孢菌素可在7 min内完全分离。结果表明4种头孢菌素的线性关系良好,富集倍数为45～78倍,检出限为0.2～0.7 ng/mL,回收率为83.2%～102%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～9.8%。该方法简单高效,检测成本低,溶剂用量少,绿色环保,灵敏度高,对水样中痕量头孢菌素残留的富集能力强。     

固相萃取/超高压液相色谱测定水中痕量呋喃丹、甲萘威及阿特拉津

建立了固相萃取/超高压液相色谱测定水中痕量呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津的分析方法。通过对色谱流动相和紫外检测条件、固萃小柱和上样速度、滤器材质等进行优化,确定了最佳实验方案。水样以5～10 mL/min的速度上样,采用Bond Elute Plexa固相萃取小柱富集,二氯甲烷洗脱。洗脱液经浓缩和重溶后,过尼龙滤膜,采用超高压液相色谱分析,色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm),流动相为甲醇-水(55∶45),检测波长为222 nm,流速为0.4 mL/min。在优化条件下,1.5 min内可对3种化合物实现基线分离。呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津在0.1～2.0 mg/L范围内的线性系数均大于0.999,其仪器精密度(n=9)分别为1.7%、0.2%和0.7%,方法检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.04、0.003、0.004μg/L。在高、低水平加标浓度下,方法回收率为74%～94%。该方法具有分析速度快、操作简单和检出限低等优点,可用于同时分析水体中痕量的呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津。     

雪莲果中甲霜灵、异菌脲和除虫脲残留量的高效液相色谱测定方法

采用高效液相色谱法测定雪莲果中甲霜灵、异菌脲和除虫脲农药残留量.通过乙腈提取,固相萃取(SPE)净化,Hypersil Cold(4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm,5 μm)柱,V(乙腈)∶V(20 mM NH4Ac)=70∶30为流动相,柱温30℃,流速1.0mL/min进行分离,进样20 μL,2487双波长紫外检测器进行检测.添加回收率为78.4%～92.1%;RSD分别为3.6%～6.3%;甲霜灵,异菌脲和除虫脲检出限分别为0.05,0.04,0.02 μg/mL.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时检测水样中戊唑醇、乙霉威、晴菌唑、精甲霜灵和扑草净5种农药残留

利用石墨烯固相萃取柱萃取、高效液相色谱分离紫外检测,建立了戊唑醇、乙霉威、晴菌唑、精甲霜灵和扑草净5种农药同时检测的方法。确定的优化条件为:洗脱剂为5mL二氯甲烷、样品溶液的pH=7.0,样品体积为200mL。在此条件下,扑草净、戊唑醇、乙霉威、晴菌唑和精甲霜灵在0.05～100μg/L浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.895～0.992;信噪比为3时,5种农药的检出限为1.2～5.2ng/L;方法的精密度为1.4%～4.6%。将本方法用于环境水样标准加入分析,相对回收率为80.5%～107.6%;相对标准偏差均小于5%。     

在线柱浓缩-超高效液相色谱法测定水体中的痕量甲萘威和呋喃丹

采用在线柱浓缩-超高效液相色谱联用技术测定水体中痕量甲萘威和呋喃丹。水样过滤后直接进样,采用固相萃取小柱富集待测物,梯度洗脱后,利用阀切换技术将待测物反冲至分析柱Acclaim RSLC C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.2 μm)上进行色谱分离,以10 mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲溶液(pH 5.0,用醋酸调节)和乙腈分别为流动相A和B,梯度洗脱,泵流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为280 nm,二极管阵列检测器检测。甲萘威和呋喃丹在1.0～100 μg/L范围内线性良好(相关系数r2 ＞ 0.9999),检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.5和0.25 μg/L,加标回收率为76.0%～120.0%。用所建立的方法测定了水中痕量的甲萘威与呋喃丹的含量,结果令人满意。     

Determination of Carbamate Pesticides in Vegetables by Octadecyl Modified Graphene Reinforced Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A novel adsorbent, octadecyl modified graphene, was prepared for hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction to increase the efficiency of the preconcentration process. The modified material was employed for the isolation of metolcarb, carbaryl, isoprocarb, and diethofencarb from vegetables prior to determination by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Octadecyl modified graphene dispersed in 1-octanol served as the acceptor phase of the sorbent, resulting in enhanced efficiency. The optimization of several parameters was carried out to achieve the maximum efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear from 0.5 to 100.0 nanograms per gram for carbaryl and 1.0 to 100.0 nanograms per gram for the other analytes with correlation coefficients (r) between 0.9952 and 0.9990. The limits of detection for the carbamates were from 0.2 to 0.6 nanogram per gram. The recoveries of the analytes ranged from 90.3 to 107.4 percent, indicating the excellent performance of the method for the determination of carbamates in vegetables.     

Continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled to on line filtration-solid-phase extraction-column liquid chromatography--post column derivatisation-fluorescence detection for the determination of N-methylcarbamates in soil and food

A dynamic ultrasound-assisted method for the extraction of N-methylcarbamates (oxamyl, dioxacarb, metolcarb, carbofuran, carbaryl and isoprocarb) from soils and foods is proposed. The main factors affecting the extraction efficiency have been optimised by means of a central composite design. Pure water can be used as leaching agent. A flow injection manifold coupled to the extractor allows automation of the several steps involved in the analytical process. The method allows extraction of the carbamates from soil and food at 1 microg/g spiked level, with recoveries similar to those provided by the EPA 8318 method, without degradation of the target compounds during the extraction and with drastic shortening of the time required for this step (2 min vs. 4 h). Recoveries of the target analytes were 77-95% for spiked soil and 85-101% for spiked food. The detection and quantification limits were 12 and 40 ng/g, respectively, for all analytes, except carbaryl (detection and quantification limits 3 and 10 ng/ng, respectively). The relative standard deviations for repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility were 3.1 and 7.5%, respectively.     

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of three carbamate pesticides in water samples

A simple, rapid and efficient method, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), has been developed for the determination of three carbamate pesticides (methomyl, carbofuran and carbaryl) in water samples. In this extraction process, a mixture of 35 µL chlorobenzene (extraction solvent) and 1.0 mL acetonitrile (disperser solvent) was rapidly injected into the 5.0 mL aqueous sample containing the analytes. After centrifuging (5 min at 4000 rpm), the fine droplets of chlorobenzene were sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube. Sedimented phase (20 µL) was injected into the HPLC for analysis. Some important parameters, such as kind and volume of extraction and disperser solvent, extraction time and salt addition were investigated and optimised. Under the optimum extraction condition, the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries ranged from 148% to 189% and 74.2% to 94.4%, respectively. The methods yielded a linear range in the concentration from 1 to 1000 µg L^?1 for carbofuran and carbaryl, 5 to 1000 µg L^?1 for methomyl, and the limits of detection were 0.5, 0.9 and 0.1 µg L^?1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for the extraction of 500 µg L^?1 carbamate pesticides were in the range of 1.8–4.6% (n = 6). This method could be successfully applied for the determination of carbamate pesticides in tap water, river water and rain water.     

高效液相色谱法测定朝鲜淫羊藿中淫羊藿甙的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定朝鲜建羊藿中淫羊藿成的含量,色谱柱为Shim-PackCLC-ODS柱,流动相为乙睛-水（30:70）,检测波长270um。在此条件下,淫羊藿式与其它黄酮醇咸的色谱峰分离完全。方法回收率为976％,RSD为1.2％,操作简便,结果可靠,为淫羊藿药材的质量控制提供了新的方法。     

Preparation of a graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite for the extraction of carbamate pesticides from environmental water samples

A graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and used for the first time as an effective adsorbent for the preconcentration of the five carbamate pesticides (metolcarb, carbofuran, pirimicarb, isoprocarb and diethofencarb) in environmental water samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The properties of the magnetic nanocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This novel graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite showed great adsorptive ability towards the analytes. The method, which takes the advantages of both nanoparticle adsorption and magnetic phase separation from the sample solution, could avoid some of the time-consuming experimental procedures related to the traditional solid phase extraction. Various experimental parameters that could affect the extraction efficiencies have been investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors of the method for the analytes were in the range from 474 to 868. A linear response was achieved in the concentration range of 0.1-50 ng mL(-1). The limits of detection of the method at a signal to noise ratio of 3 for the pesticides were 0.02-0.04 ng mL(-1). Compared with the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and the ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction, much higher enrichment factors and sensitivities were achieved with the developed method. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of the carbamate pesticides in environmental water samples.     

Sequential injection-bead injection-lab-on-valve coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for online renewable micro-solid-phase extraction of carbamate residues in food and environmental samples

A sequential injection‐bead injection‐lab‐on‐valve system was hyphenated to HPLC for online renewable micro‐solid‐phase extraction of carbamate insecticides. The carbamates studied were isoprocarb, methomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran, methiocarb, promecarb, and propoxur. LiChroprep^® RP‐18 beads (25–40 μm) were employed as renewable sorbent packing in a microcolumn situated inside the LOV platform mounted above the multiposition valve of the sequential injection system. The analytes sorbed by the microcolumn were eluted using 80% acetonitrile in 0.1% acetic acid before online introduction to the HPLC system. Separation was performed on an Atlantis C‐18 column (4.6×150 mm, 5 μm) utilizing gradient elution with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength at 270 nm. The sequential injection system offers the means of performing automated handling of sample preconcentration and matrix removal. The enrichment factors ranged between 20 and 125, leading to limits of detection (LODs) in the range of 1–20 μg/L. Good reproducibility was obtained with relative standard deviations of <0.7 and 5.4% for retention time and peak area, respectively. The developed method has been successfully applied to the determination of carbamate residues in fruit, vegetable, and water samples.     

Determination of metolcarb and diethofencarb in apples and apple juice by solid-phase microextraction-high performance liquid chromatography

A method for the determination of metolcarb and diethofencarb in apples and apple juice is developed using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental conditions of SPME, such as the kind of extraction fiber, extraction time, stirring rate, pH of the extracting solution, and desorption conditions are optimized. The SPME is performed on a 60 microm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber for 40 min at room temperature with the solution being stirred at 1100 rpm. The extracted pesticides on the SPME fiber are desorbed in the mobile phase into SPME-HPLC interface for HPLC analysis. Separations are carried out on a Baseline C18 column (4.6 i.d. x 250 mm, 5.0 microm) with acetonitrile-water (55/45, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and photodiode-array detection at 210 nm. For apple samples, the method is linear for both metolcarb and diethofencarb in the range of 0.05-1.0 mg/kg (r > 0.99), with a detection limit (S/N = 3 ) of 15 and 5 microg/kg, respectively. For apple juice, the method is linear for both metholcarb and diethofencarb over the range of 0.05-1.0 mg/L (r > 0.99) with the detection limit (S/N = 3 ) of 15 and 3 microg/L, respectively. Excellent recovery and reproducibility values are achieved. The proposed method is shown to be simple, sensitive, and organic solvent-free, and is suitable for the determination of the two pesticides in apples and apple juice.     

高效液相色谱法测定柑橘汁中的柠檬苦素和柚皮苷

柑橘汁的苦味主要是由于柚皮苷和柠檬苦素的存在所致,其含量的测定可用于控制柑橘类果汁的质量。采用高效液相色谱法在KR100-5C18(4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm,5 μm)上,分别以乙腈-四氢呋喃-水(体积比为17.5∶17.5∶65)和甲醇-冰醋酸-水(体积比为40∶1∶59)为流动相（流速均为1 mL/min）,在207 nm和283 nm检测波长下分别测定了柠檬苦素和柚皮苷。实验结果表明,柠檬苦素在1.00～50.00 mg/L时线性关系良好(r=0.9992),检出限为0.07 μg,平均加标回收率为98.69%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.5%;柚皮苷在20.00～160.00 mg/L时线性关系良好(r=0.9988),检出限为0.14 μg,平均加标回收率为100.13%,RSD为1.5%。用该法检测柑橘汁样品中的柠檬苦素与柚皮苷,方法简便、快速、准确。     

液-液-液三相液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法检测尿样中的安非他明和氯胺酮

建立了液-液-液三相液相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术测定尿样中的安非他明和氯胺酮的方法。考察了萃取溶剂、料液相pH值、搅拌速度、萃取时间和接受相HCl浓度等因素对富集因子的影响,得到了萃取溶剂为300 μL甲苯,料液相pH值为11,接受相为1.0 μL 0.1 mol/L HCl,搅拌速度为600 r/min,萃取时间为50 min的最佳实验条件。在该条件下,获得了较高的富集因子;方法的线性范围为安非他明0.01～10 μg/mL,氯胺酮0.01～5 μg/mL,相对标准偏差均小于2%,检测限均为5 ng/mL (S/N=3)。建立的三相液相微萃取方法能有效地去除复杂基体的干扰,有机溶剂消耗少,萃取效率高,是一种有效、灵敏的样品前处理方法,适合于尿样中安非他明和氯胺酮的测定。