在线净化/固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定饮用水和环境水体中的百草枯和敌草快

建立了在线净化/固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)快速、准确测定饮用水和环境水体中的两种痕量除草剂百草枯和敌草快的方法。样品用大体积自动进样器注入在线净化小柱并流经固相萃取小柱,通过双梯度高效液相色谱系统中的上样泵实现净化和富集后,通过阀切换将固相萃取小柱切换至分析流路中;用分析泵将待测物从富集柱冲洗至分析柱进行测定。上样泵流速和分析泵流速分别为0.7和0.6 mL/min,采用等度洗脱方式完成两种除草剂的分离和检测。检测波长分别为260 nm (百草枯)和311 nm (敌草快),进样体积为2.5 mL,整个分析时间为16 min。该方法在1.0～20 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,两种除草剂的线性相关系数均大于0.9980,检出限分别为0.10和0.12 μg/L(S/N=3)。该方法前处理简单,快速,可用于饮用水和环境水体中痕量除草剂的测定。     

SPE-UPLC-MS/MS测定环境水体中呋喃丹、莠去津、甲萘威及6种邻苯二甲酸酯类

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定环境水体中呋喃丹、莠去津、甲萘威和6种邻苯二甲酸酯的分析方法。采用Pak C18固相萃取小柱对样品进行富集和净化,甲醇-水为流动相梯度洗脱,以BEH C18柱分离,在串联质谱的多反应监测模式(MRM)下检测,外标法定量。结果表明,在优化实验条件下,9种目标化合物在0.5~20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限(LOD)和方法定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.05~0.12μg/L和0.2~0.3μg/L,回收率为86.0%~96.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。方法快速准确、回收率高,适用于环境水体中呋喃丹、莠去津、甲萘威及6种邻苯二甲酸酯的测定。     

固相萃取/超高压液相色谱测定水中痕量呋喃丹、甲萘威及阿特拉津

建立了固相萃取/超高压液相色谱测定水中痕量呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津的分析方法。通过对色谱流动相和紫外检测条件、固萃小柱和上样速度、滤器材质等进行优化,确定了最佳实验方案。水样以5～10 mL/min的速度上样,采用Bond Elute Plexa固相萃取小柱富集,二氯甲烷洗脱。洗脱液经浓缩和重溶后,过尼龙滤膜,采用超高压液相色谱分析,色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm),流动相为甲醇-水(55∶45),检测波长为222 nm,流速为0.4 mL/min。在优化条件下,1.5 min内可对3种化合物实现基线分离。呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津在0.1～2.0 mg/L范围内的线性系数均大于0.999,其仪器精密度(n=9)分别为1.7%、0.2%和0.7%,方法检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.04、0.003、0.004μg/L。在高、低水平加标浓度下,方法回收率为74%～94%。该方法具有分析速度快、操作简单和检出限低等优点,可用于同时分析水体中痕量的呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津。     

固相萃取-离子色谱法测定饮用水中的痕量卤代乙酸

建立了固相萃取-离子色谱(SPE-IC)测定饮用水中痕量卤代乙酸(HAAs)(包括一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、一溴乙酸和二溴乙酸)的方法。固相萃取采用LiChrolut EN SPE柱来进行痕量待测物的预浓缩（25倍）和基体杂质的消除,用NaOH(10 mmol/L)洗脱;色谱分离采用亲水性、高容量、氢氧化物选择型阴离子交换柱Dionex IonPac AS16(250 mm×4 mm i.d.),以NaOH为流动相进行浓度梯度淋洗,淋洗速度为0.8 mL/min,电导检测,进样量为500 μL。结果表明,用SPE-IC法测定HAAs,一溴乙酸的检测限为12.5 μg/L,其余4种HAAs的检测限为0.38~1.69　μg/L。该法可实现对饮用水中痕量卤代乙酸的测定。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人指甲中的三氯生和三氯卡班

建立了人指甲中三氯生和三氯卡班的固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。指甲样品经氢氧化钠消化,C18柱富集净化后,通过Waters ACQUITY^TM UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) 分离,以甲醇和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用三重四极杆串联质谱仪负离子模式进行检测,同位素内标法定量。三氯生和三氯卡班分别在0.5~500.0 μg/kg和0.1~100.0 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)均为0.999,方法定量限分别为2.0 μg/kg和0.2 μg/kg。3个水平的平均加标回收率为95.9%~110.2%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~9.7%(n=6)。本方法具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性,适合指甲中痕量目标污染物的测定。利用该方法分析了60份实际样品,目标物的检出率为100%,三氯生和三氯卡班的含量范围分别为     

pH/溶剂双梯度反相高效液相色谱法同时测定氨酚曲麻片中的5种有效成分

建立了一种pH/溶剂双梯度反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时测定氨酚曲麻片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、水杨酰胺、盐酸伪麻黄碱、盐酸曲普利啶5种有效成分的方法。通过对溶剂梯度和pH/溶剂双梯度体系的优化,得到分离5种成分的最佳色谱体系。采用Diamonsiol C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),以甲醇、0.05 mol/L醋酸铵水溶液和0.08 mol/L醋酸水溶液组成三元流动相体系,pH/溶剂双梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温为30 ℃。采用分段变波长检测: 0～6 min, 280 nm; 6～7 min, 257 nm; 7～14 min, 280 nm; 14 min, 233 nm。片剂中的5种成分在25.5 min内能达到基线分离,对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸伪麻黄碱、咖啡因、水杨酰胺、盐酸曲普利啶5种成分的线性范围分别为0.055～0.998 g/L、0.053～0.946 g/L、0.007～0.129 g/L、0.035～0.622 g/L和0.002～0.039 g/L,相关系数r均大于0.9990;检出限(以信噪比为3(S/N=3)计)分别为0.09、6、0.02、0.128和0.02 mg/L,回收率为97.9%～102.8%。该方法能在短时间内同时分离酸性、中性和碱性化合物,能提高被测物的柱效,减少半峰宽和拖尾,可应用于氨酚曲麻片中5种成分的含量分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定水基食品模拟物中28种受限芳香族伯胺的迁移量

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)联用方法用于快速测定水基食品模拟物(10%乙醇、30 g/L乙酸和20%乙醇)中28种芳香族伯胺的迁移量。用水基食品模拟物浸泡待测样品中一定时间(在100 ℃条件下)后,冷却至室温并混匀,所得浸泡液经亲水性聚四氟乙烯针头式过滤器过滤后,直接进行HPLC-MS/MS测定。采用Agilent Zorbax SB-Phenyl柱,以水和0.1%甲酸-25%乙腈-甲醇溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离;质谱具电喷雾离子源,在正离子和分段式多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测。结果表明,方法定量限为0.002～10 μg/L,在5～100 μg/L或10～100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2＞0.995);在10、20、40 μg/L水平的加标回收率为76.6%～114%,相对标准偏差为1.53%～8.97%。该方法样品前处理简单快速,色谱分离效果和线性关系好,检出限较低、回收率和准确度高,且完全满足欧盟(EU)No 10/2011法规中对芳香族伯胺特定迁移量的限量要求。该方法已成功应用于30批次出口欧盟的食品接触材料相关制品中芳香族伯胺特定迁移量的检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牛奶和羊奶中莫奈太尔及其代谢产物残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速测定牛奶和羊奶中莫奈太尔及其代谢产物残留量的分析方法。样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白质,中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,以Inertsil C8-3（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱分离,甲醇-乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾负离子监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,在0.1~5.0 μg/L范围内,待测物色谱峰面积与其质量浓度间的线性关系良好（相关系数均大于0.99）,定量限为2.0 μg/kg。莫奈太尔及其代谢产物在2类基质中3个水平（2.0、50和100 μg/kg）下的加标回收率为90.1%~103.3%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.0%~6.2%（n=6）。该方法操作简便、快速,灵敏度高,抗干扰能力强,回收率和重复性良好,能够满足牛奶和羊奶中莫奈太尔及其代谢产物残留量的检测要求。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱技术检测鸡肉中6种抗球虫药物

建立了鸡肉中二硝托胺、尼卡巴嗪、地克珠利、妥曲珠利、莫能菌素及盐霉素6种抗球虫药物的超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱多残留检测方法。经QuEChERS样品净化,首先使用含有1%(v/v)三氯乙酸的乙腈-水(3 : 7, v/v)溶液提取样品中的被测物,再加入氯化钠,使用50 mg/mL N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)+50 mg/mL中性氧化铝(Alumina-N)的混合分散固相萃取(dispersive solid phase extraction, DSPE)粉末净化提取,过0.22 μ m滤膜后以超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱检测。选择Waters Acquity UPLC^® BEH C8色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μ m),以甲醇-5 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。使用正、负离子同时扫描模式,基质外标法定量。研究表明,6种目标化合物的线性范围为:二硝托胺,1.0~30.0 μ g/L;尼卡巴嗪,0.2~6.0 μ g/L;地克珠利、妥曲珠利,2.0~60.0 μ g/L;莫能菌素、盐霉素,4.0~120.0 μ g/L。空白样品中添加低、中、高3个水平的混合标准溶液,回收率在67.7%~126.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤10.4%。6种抗球虫药物的定量限分别为:二硝托胺,2.50 μ g/kg;尼卡巴嗪,0.50 μ g/kg;地克珠利、妥曲珠利,5.00 μ g/kg;莫能菌素、盐霉素,20.00 μ g/kg。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,且能够满足日常检测要求。     

整体柱固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法在线分析大米中15种酰胺类除草剂残留量

以疏水的聚（甲基丙烯酸丁酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯）整体柱作为固相萃取柱,建立了大米中15种酰胺类除草剂残留的在线固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定的方法。本方法采用乙腈提取目标化合物,经在线整体柱净化,Hypersil GOLD色谱柱分离,流动相采用0.5%（v/v）甲酸水溶液-乙腈进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测（MRM）方式测定。15种除草剂的线性关系良好,相关系数（r）大于0.998。方法检出限和定量限为0.20~2.0 μg/kg和0.50~5.0 μg/kg。待测物在2.0、5.0、10.0、50.0 μg/kg（敌稗为5.0、10.0、50.0、100 μg/kg）4个浓度水平下加标回收率为75.5%~121.3%,相对标准偏差为2.89%~12.38%。该方法快速简便,灵敏度高,可用于大米中酰胺类除草剂的快速定性定量分析。     

中空纤维液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中残留的氨基甲酸酯类农药

应用中空纤维液相微萃取(HP-LPME)技术建立了水样中呋喃丹、西维因、异丙威和乙霉威的高效液相色谱分析方法。对影响HP-LPME的实验条件进行了优化。采用Accurel Q3/2聚丙烯中空纤维,以甲苯为萃取溶剂,于室温、搅拌速度为720 r/min条件下在4.5 mL样品溶液中萃取20 min,萃取物在室温下经氮气流吹干后用流动相溶解进样。采用Baseline C18分离柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0 μm),以甲醇-水(体积比为60∶40) 为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min。呋喃丹、西维因、异丙威和乙霉威的检测波长分别为200,223,200和208 nm。该方法对4种氨基甲酸酯类农药的富集倍数均大于45倍;4种氨基甲酸酯类农药在10~100 μg/L质量浓度范围内,其质量浓度与峰面积之间有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99;呋喃丹、西维因、异丙威和乙霉威的检出限(S/N=3)分别为5,1,5和3 μg/L;实际水样中的加标回收率为82.0%~102.2%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～6.2%(n=6)。     

Online trace enrichment to determine pyrethroids in river water by HPLC with column switching and photochemical induced fluorescence detection

The potential of online trace enrichment on a highly apolar short column in LC was evaluated for the determination of pyrethroids in river water. Twelve millilitres of water samples, modified with 8 mL ACN (ACN/water 40:60, v/v), were passed through 50 x 4.6 mm ID first separation column packed with 5 microm Hypersil Elite C18. Pesticides were preconcentrated in this column while the matrix background was eluted to waste. Separation of pesticides was performed on a 3.5 microm symmetric C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm ID) with an ACN step gradient as mobile phase and fluorescence detection was used after postcolumn derivatization by using UV light. The use of photochemically induced fluorescence for detection improved sensitivity and selectivity. Quantification limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 microg/L and pesticide recoveries at two concentration levels (0.1 and 0.5 microg/L) were between 93.1 and 118.6%, with RSD between 2.5 and 7.5% (n = 3) in river water samples. No matrix effect was detected.     

Determination of benzoylureas in ground water samples by fully automated on-line pre-concentration and liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection

An on-line pre-concentration method for the analysis of five benzoylureas (diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron and flufenoxuron) in ground water samples was evaluated using two C(18) columns, and fluorescence detection after photochemical induced fluorescence (PIF) post-column derivatization. The trace enrichment was carried out with 35 mL of ground water modified with 15 mL of MeOH on a 50 mm x 4.6 mm I.D. first enrichment column (C-1) packed with 5 microm Hypersil Elite C(18). Retention properties of pesticides and humic acids usually contained in ground water were studied on C-1 at concentration levels ranging between 0.04 and 14.00 microg/L in water samples. The results obtained in this study show that the pesticides are pre-concentrated in the first short column while the humic acids contained in the ground water samples are eluted to waste. Pesticides recoveries ranged between 92.3 and 109.5%. The methodology proposed was used to determine benzoylureas in ground water samples at levels lower than 0.1 microg/L (maximum levels established by the European Union).     

在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的4种痕量邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了一种在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱测定水样中4种痕量邻苯二甲酸酯(邻苯二甲酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸乙酯、邻苯二甲酸丁酯和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯)的新方法.样品由外加泵注入一根固相萃取小柱上进行富集,再将富集柱切换至高效液相色谱系统中,将富集在固相萃取小柱的邻苯二甲酸酯洗脱至分析柱进行分析.在线固相萃取柱为IonPac(...     

固相萃取-离子色谱法测定地下水中痕量高氯酸根离子

建立了测定地下水中痕量高氯酸根（ClO~4）的固相萃取-离子色谱(SPE-IC)分析方法。0.7 L水样经预处理降低主要干扰离子Cl~、CO2~3和SO2~4的干扰后,使用Cleanert PWAX弱阴离子交换固相萃取小柱对地下水中痕量(μg/L级)的ClO~4进行富集,用6 mL 1%NaOH溶液洗脱,富集液经0.45 μm水膜过滤后,用IonPac AS20阴离子分离柱、50 μL进样环、40 mmol/L KOH溶液淋洗、抑制电导检测分离分析。结果表明,地下水样品中ClO~4的方法检出限和测定下限分别为0.15 μg/L和0.60 μg/L,进样质量浓度在1～15 μg/L范围内有很好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9992,回收率为99.7%～100.5%;该方法经济有效,可用于地下水中痕量ClO~4的检测。利用该方法测定了哈尔滨周边部分地区地下水中ClO~4浓度,检测结果与离子色谱-质谱联用法的检测结果的相对误差为1.85%～9.24%。     

Multi-residue analysis of N-methylcarbamate pesticides and their hydrolytic metabolites in environmental waters by use of solid-phase extraction and micellar electrokinetic chromatography

A method for the simultaneous separation and determination of N-methylcarbamate pesticides and their hydrolytic metabolites by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was developed. A mixture of five pesticides (carbaryl, propuxur, carbofuran, aminocarb, and methiocarb) and their corresponding phenols was studied to optimize the separation of its components in terms of various electrophoretic parameters such as buffer type, pH and concentration, sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration, injection conditions, and applied voltage. Excellent separation of all ten analytes was achieved within about 20 min. The optimized method was used for determinations in environmental water samples. Sample volumes of 250 mL were first preconcentrated in the pesticides and metabolites by passage through a LiChrolut EN sorbent column and then further enriched by on-column stacking. Dynamic ranges of 40 ng/L - 6 microg/L, limits of detection at the nanogram-per-liter level, and relative standard deviations from 2.6 to 7.4% were obtained. The proposed method surpasses high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in separation efficiency. In fact, it provides more expeditious separations and allows more flexible adjustment of the selectivity. Also, it enables the quantification for the analytes studied in this work with decreased limits of detection.     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾三重四极杆质谱法测定中药中马兜铃酸A和B的含量

利用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾三重四极杆质谱仪建立了中药中马兜铃酸A和B的定性定量分析方法。选取柴胡、生甘草、桔梗、龙胆泻肝丸、消胖丸、减肥茶等14种代表性样品,用甲醇-水(70:30, v/v)溶液加热回流提取,经Oasis MAX固相萃取柱富集净化后,在Eclipse RP HD C18反相柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)上进行分离;流动相为5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(pH 7.5)-乙腈(75:25, v/v)。采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式(ESI+)和多反应监测模式(MRM)进行质谱分析。马兜铃酸A和B的线性范围分别为0.5～200 μg/L和1～200 μg/L,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995;检出限(LODs)分别为5 μg/kg和7.5 μg/kg;定量限(LOQs)分别为12.5 μg/kg和25 μg/kg。在100 μg/kg和500 μg/kg添加水平下,马兜铃酸A和B的回收率(n=6)范围分别为60.3%～96.4%和61.3%～94.7%,相对标准偏差均不大于10.2%。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,操作简便,适用于中药材、饮片及中成药中马兜铃酸A和B的痕量检测。     

离子对高效液相色谱法同时测定鱼类中四种喹诺酮类药物的残留

采用离子对高效液相色谱法同时测定了鱼类中4种喹诺酮类药物(FQS)的残留。检测条件为:采用Waters μBondapakTM C18柱,以11 mmol/L的四丁基溴化铵溶液-乙腈(体积比为94∶6)为流动相(用冰乙酸调pH为3.0,流速1.0 mL/min),柱温40 ℃;采用荧光检测器检测,激发波长280 nm,发射波长460 nm。测定结果表明,该方法对FQS的最低检测限为1 μg/kg,在6～100 μg/kg线性范围内,溶液含量与峰面积的相关系数达0.9995以上。在高、中、低3种含量水平下对所测鱼组织中4种喹诺酮类药物进行回收率测定,结果为76%～100%,相对标准偏差小于7%。该法简便、准确,灵敏度高,符合痕量测定的要求。     

Monitoring some phenoxyl-type N-methylcarbamate pesticide residues in fruit juices using high-performance liquid chromatography with peroxyoxalate-chemiluminescence detection

A systematic investigation of optimal conditions for determining three of the most common phenoxyl-type N-methylcarbamate pesticides (carbaryl, carbofuran and propoxur) in fruit juices by HPLC with peroxyoxalate-chemiluminescence detection is described. The required pre-column hydrolysis of pesticides and derivatization of their hydrolytic metabolites with dansyl chloride was simultaneously carried out in a short time thanks to the micellar catalytic effect provided by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide micelles on the hydrolysis step. The liquid chromatographic separation of the dansylated phenols was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with isocratic elution. The analytes were detected by using an integrated derivatization chemiluminescence detection unit based on the bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate-hydrogen peroxide system. Fruit juice samples containing 4.0-1500 microg/l pesticides were analysed with a precision of ca. 6.5%. After contamination of the fruit juice samples, average recovery > 93% at fortification levels of 10-100 microg/l was obtained.     

On-fibre solid-phase microextraction coupled to conventional liquid chromatography versus in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to capillary liquid chromatography for the screening analysis of triazines in water samples

This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of two different configurations for the extraction of triazines from water samples: (1) on-fibre solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to conventional liquid chromatography (LC); and (2) in-tube SPME coupled to capillary LC. In-tube SPME has been effected either with a packed column or with an open capillary column. A critical evaluation of the main parameters affecting the performance of each method has been carried out in order to select the most suitable approach according to the requirements of the analysis. In the on-fibre SPME configuration the fibre coating was polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-divinylbenzene (DVB). The limits of detection (LODs) obtained with this approach under the optimized extraction and desorption conditions were between 25 and 125 microg/L. The in-tube SPME approach with a C18 packed column (35 mm x 0.5 mm I.D., 5 microm particle size) connected to a switching micro-valve provided the best sensitivity; under such configuration the LODs were between 0.025 and 0.5 microg/L. The in-tube SPME approach with an open capillary column coated with PDMS (30 cm x 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 microm of thickness coating) connected to the injection valve provided LODs between 0.1 and 0.5 microg/L. In all configurations UV detection at 230 nm was used. Atrazine, simazine, propazine, ametryn, prometryn and terbutryn were selected as model compounds.