丙酮-硫酸铵双水相体系分离纯化红花红色素

天然药用植物红花具有活血化淤、抗炎止痛的药用功效,其中的两种色素,红花红色素(Carthamine)和黄色素(Safflower yellow),还是天然色素的重要原料[1,2].     

饮料中红花黄色素的固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-质谱测定

利用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱法对从红花中提取纯化的红花黄色素进行结构分析,其包含对羟基红花黄A(34.0%)、红花黄A(27.4%)、脱水红花黄B(23.2%)和红花黄C(8.3%)4种主要成分。建立了测定碳酸类、果汁类饮料中4种色素成分的SPE/UPLC检测方法。利用大孔吸附树脂作为填料,自制SPE固相萃取柱,对饮料中的红花黄色素进行吸附解吸,通过优化固相萃取条件,使得各组分的回收率为84%~116%,相对标准偏差为0.78%~6.6%。各组分在0.40~17 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性系数均不小于0.998 8。     

大孔树脂吸附和分离密蒙花黄色素

本文研究了用大孔树脂吸附和分离密蒙花黄色素，比较了四种树脂对密蒙花黄色素的吸附。选用经x—5作吸附剂，洗脱剂用60％乙醇，产品质量较传统法好，提取率达8％，x－5树脂非常稳定，使用15次后其吸附率仅降低4．95％。     

动态超声萃取分光光度法在线测定红花中的总红花黄色素

用动态超声萃取分光光度法在线测定了红花中的红花黄色素, 对萃取条件进行了优化. 萃取与测定同时进行, 大大缩短了样品的分析时间, 简化了分析过程. 通过与静态超声萃取、振荡萃取和索式萃取进行比较, 不仅证明该方法耗时最短, 而且样品用量小, 萃取产率较高. 实际样品分析得到了满意的结果.     

红花黄色素提取工艺的研究

以药典规定的水溶性黄色素吸收度为检测指标,考察了红花黄色素的最佳水提提取工艺。研究结果表明,影响红花黄色素提取量的条件由大到小顺序为:提取次数,水用量,提取时间,其中以提取次数影响最大。最佳提取工艺为:采用16倍水,每次提取时间1 h,3次后提取基本完全。     

应用超滤液相色谱技术筛选中药抑制磷酸二酯酶4活性成分

本文应用超滤液相色谱技术,结合体外活性实验筛选了中药红花、土茯苓和防风中抑制磷酸二酯酶4活性成分。红花、土茯苓和防风提取物的IC50值分别为0. 03μg·μL-1,0. 06μg·μL-1和0. 05μg·μL-1,实验结果表明红花对磷酸二酯酶4具有强抑制作用,其次为防风、土茯苓。红花黄色素、落新妇苷和5-氧甲基维斯阿米苷的IC50值分别为41. 83μM,8. 11μM和3. 62μM,与磷酸二酯酶4有较好的结合能力,分别为红花、土茯苓和防风中主要抑制磷酸二酯酶-4活性成分。     

近红外光谱快速测定红花逆流提取过程中羟基红花黄色素A的含量

采用近红外光谱(NIRS)透射法对红花罐组式逆流提取过程中羟基红花黄色素A(Hydroxysafflor yellow A,HSYA)的含量进行快速无损的测定.在红花逆流提取过程中,以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)为对照分析方法,测定提取液中羟基红花黄色素A的含量,运用偏最小二乘(PLS)法建立NIR光谱与羟基红花黄色素A的HPLC分析值之间多元校正模型,并对逆流提取过程的未知样本进行含量预测.校正模型相关系数达到0.982,预测相关系数达到0.965,RMSEC和RMSEP分别为0.053和0.075,RSEC和RSEP分别为3.96%和5.25%.结果表明,NIRS可以作为一种准确、快速、无损的检测方法用于检测中药逆流提取过程有效成分含量变化规律.     

高粱子粒淀粉表面色素的树脂分离研究

对纯化高粱淀粉过程中所得到的淀粉共生天然色素进行了树脂分离纯化研究.得到了树脂分离高粱淀粉共生色素的吸附动力学结果,3种大孔吸附树脂HPD-600、AB-8、H103对高粱红的吸附为慢速平衡型.通过对树脂分离所得色素成份的红外光谱、紫外光谱、质谱分析得出,高粱籽粒淀粉共生色素与高粱壳中的高粱红主要成份是同样的物质,鉴定出所分离的主要成份之一为5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮.     

邻胺基-羟基吸附树脂的制备及其对羟基红花黄色素HSYA的纯化效果研究

合成了结构均匀的、具有邻胺基-羟基的吸附树脂poly(GMA-co-TMPTMA),简称GT树脂。将GT树脂应用于红花中羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)的纯化,羟基的氢键作用由于邻位胺基酸碱作用的协同而极大增强,有效弥补了疏水协同作用的不足,对高亲水性HSYA的吸附容量和吸附选择性均显著提高。基于HSYA的高度亲水性,建立了常规聚苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂XAD-4与GT-70A树脂联用工艺,在连续的闭路体系中完成了红花中HSYA的高纯度提取,产品中HSYA含量达到78.1%,该纯化工艺重现性好、操作简便、易于大规模工业化生产。     

红花黄色素抗氧化活性研究

通过考察红花黄色素(SY)及其主要化学成分对羟基自由基介导2-脱氧核糖氧化降解的抑制作用,以及对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力,探究SY的体外抗氧化活性及其抗氧化的主要有效成分.通过Fenton反应产生羟基自由基,用紫外分光光度计检测了SY及其主要化学成分对2-脱氧核糖降解的抑制作用和对DPPH·的清除能力,同时对红花黄色素B(SYB)抑制2-脱氧核糖降解的作用机制做了初步研究.结果表明SY抑制Fenton反应对2-脱氧核糖的氧化降解的IC50为256.79 μg/mL,对DPPH·清除的IC50值为27.15μg/mL.羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)和SYB是SY中抗氧化的两个有效成分,抑制2-脱氧核糖的氧化降解的IC50分别为220.68 μg/mL和207.01μg/mL;对DPPH·清除的IC50值分别为55.81 μg/mL和41.25μg/mL.SYB对2-脱氧核糖氧化降解的抑制作用机理研究表明,SYB除了对Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基具有直接清除作用外,又可通过与Fe2+离子的络合作用而阻断Fenton反应产生羟基自由基.由此可知SY具有明显的体外抗氧化活性,SYB和HSYA为其主要抗氧化活性成分.     

二氧化硅包裹铋基黄色料的制备及其稳定性

采用沉淀法合成了主要成分为Bi_0.82V_0.45Mo_0.55O₄和Na_0.5Bi_0.5(MoO₄)的铋基黄色料,再用水解法对色料进行SiO₂包裹,制得了一系列耐酸性和耐温性均有较大幅度提高的包裹型色料。 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对色料进行了表征。 研究结果表明,在V(H₂O):V(TEOS)=1:18、摩尔比n(Si)/n(Bi)=4、反应温度T_b为45 ℃、滴加水的速度v_d≤0.3 mL/min的条件下,可获得厚度为100 nm左右、均匀致密的二氧化硅包裹层,且包裹色料呈鲜艳明亮的绿相黄,其色度参数L^*、a^*和b^*值分别为78.85、-6.85和71.63;该条件下所得包裹色料的耐酸性和耐温性最佳,色料浸泡于1 mol/L的盐酸中30 min损失量由未包裹色料的100%降至28.25%,耐温性由未包裹色料的600 ℃提升到860 ℃。     

Separation and quantitation of colour pigments of chili powder (Capsicum frutescens) by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection

The performance of reversed-phase thin-layer (RP-TLC) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was compared for the separation and determination of the colour pigments of chili (Capsicum frutescens) powder using a wide variety of eluent systems. No separation of pigments was achieved in RP-TLC, however, it was established that tetrahydrofuran shows an unusually high solvent strength. RP-HPLC using water-methanol-acetonitrile gradient elution separated the chili pigments in many fractions. Diode array detection (DAD) indicated that yellow pigments are eluted earlier than the red ones and chili powder contains more yellow pigments than common paprika powders. It was established that the very different absorption spectra of pigments make the use of DAD necessary.     

Argentinean prehistoric pigments’ study by combined SEM/EDX and molecular spectroscopy

Composition of the prehistoric pigments’ (from Carriqueo rock shelter, Rio Negro province, Argentina) has been analysed by means of molecular spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro-Raman) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Red and yellow pigments were recognized as red and yellow ochre. The matrix of the pigments is composed of one or more substances. According to the matrix composition yellow and red pigments were also divided into two groups—i.e. those containing kaolinite or sulphates. Green pigment was detected as green earth, made up of celadonite as a chromophore.     

Method for Determining Color Characteristics of Plant Pigments

Pigments from petals ofRanunculus repensL. andCalendula officinalisL. are used to describe a method for determining color characteristics of pigments that is based on scanning the studied object on a flat scanner and defining the colors using Adobe Photoshop 5.0. Ten yellow pigments were found inR. Repens; 15 yellow and orange, inC. Officinalis     

Identification of lead pigments in nanosamples from ancient paintings and polychromed sculptures using voltammetry of nanoparticles/atomic force microscopy

Voltammetry of nanoparticles coupled with atomic force microscopy was used to identify lead pigments in nanosamples proceeding from works of art. Upon mechanical attachment of few nanograms of sample to a graphite plate, well-defined voltammetric responses were obtained for lead orange, lead yellow, lead white, litharge, minium, Naples yellow, and tin-lead yellow, allowing for an unambiguous identification of such pigments. Atomic force images provide evidence for the occurrence of pigment-characteristic reduction processes accompanied by metal deposition on the graphite substrate. Electrochemical parameters are used for pigment identification. Application to the method for identifying lead pigments in different model binder + pigment specimens and pictorial samples from the canvas painting collection (anonymous, 17th century) of the Saint Joseph Church in Taormina (Italy), the frescoes painted by Antonio Acisclo Palomino y Velasco (1698) in the vault of the Sant Joan del Mercat church in València (Spain) and an anonymous polychromed sculpture (16th century) representing a Martyr Saint from Alacant (Spain) is described.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中7种非食用色素

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中7种非食用色素(碱性嫩黄O、碱性橙、酸性橙Ⅱ、酸性金黄、玫瑰红B、对位红、苏丹红Ⅰ)的方法。依次采用乙腈、甲醇和碱性甲醇提取豆制品和肉制品;采用乙腈和70%乙腈依次提取调味品。采用SunFireTMC18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-50 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(H3PO4调至pH 4.5)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,测定波长为450和520 nm。7种非食用色素的在各自相应浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.998;检出限(LOD)在0.01～0.1 mg/L之间;定量限(LOQ)在0.18～1.2 mg/kg之间。平均回收率均大于80%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)在2.0%～5.7%之间。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中4种合成色素

以可代替使用的水溶性合成色素-亮黑BN、固绿FCF、酸性红、酸性黄36为研究对象,建立了高效液相色谱同时测定食品中4种合成色素的方法。样品通过WAX固相萃取柱富集净化,10%氨化甲醇洗脱,采用C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇和10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液作为流动相梯度洗脱,外标法定量。通过固相萃取柱净化后,杂质对待测物的干扰明显降低,优化色谱条件下,4种色素在0.10~10.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内,线性良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9995。方法回收率为92.6%~101.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤5.4%,方法检出限为0.01~0.04 mg/kg。该方法灵敏度高,准确可靠,适合食品中亮黑BN、固绿FCF、酸性红、酸性黄36的同时测定。     

Interaction between coloured pigments and hindered piperidine/antioxidant combinations in the photo-stabilisation of polypropylene

The complex interaction between coloured pigments, a primary antioxidant and a hindered piperidine compound in the photo-stabilisation of polypropylene has been examined using infra-red absorption spectros-copy. Alone, the pigments offered little photo-protection, their order of efficiency being copper phthalocyananine > chromic oxide > cadmium yellow. In the presence of an antioxidant only an additive effect was observed whereas, in the presence of a hindered piperidine stabiliser, there was powerful synergism. However, in the presence of both antioxidant and hindered piperidine compound the synergistic effects were considerably reduced with two of the pigments, cadmium yellow and chrome green, whereas, with copper phthalocyanine, the synergism was enhanced even further. The results indicate that additive adsorption is important with the first two inorganic pigments whereas, with the latter, the bulky organic ligands inhibit any such interaction. In fact, copper phthalocyanine and a hindered piperidine stabiliser exhibit a highly favourable interaction for photo-stabilisation.