交联聚丙烯酰胺溶液染色研究

采用显微镜研究了预交联聚合物凝胶溶液的染色过程,结果表明由于静电作用,亚甲基蓝溶液中阳离子基团与凝胶颗粒中的阴离子基团相互作用形成一种深蓝色的缔合物;交联聚物线团也可以与亚甲基蓝分子形成深蓝色的缔合物,使交联聚合物线团显色,能够直接观测到交联聚合物线团在溶液中的形态。采用扫描电镜、动态光散射、流变仪和岩心封堵实验研究了染色后交联聚合物的线团形态尺寸和溶液的流变性、封堵特性。结果表明,染色后的交联聚合物线团仍是几百纳米左右的在水中分散的球形体,在形态和尺寸上与未染色的交联聚合物溶液没有发生较大的变化;染色后交联聚合物溶液在一定剪切速率范围内表现为胀流性和负触变性。     

部分水解聚丙烯酰胺柠檬酸铝体系临界交联浓度的研究

采用落球粘度计、核孔膜过滤、动态光散射 (DLS)和2 7Al NMR法 ,研究了高分子量、低浓度的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺 (HPAM)与柠檬酸铝 (AlCit)体系形成交联聚合物溶液 (LPS)的临界交联浓度 .研究结果表明 ,HPAM AlCit体系在聚合物浓度较低时 ,溶液中主要发生形成交联聚合物线团 (LPC)的交联反应 ,此时形成的是LPS ,聚合物浓度增加到某一临界值后 ,体系中形成线团后 ,存在线团间的交联 ,此时形成的是弱凝胶 .不同方法所测得的HPAM AlCit体系的临界交联浓度基本相同 ,对于粘均相对分子质量为 1 4× 10 7的HPAM ,在NaCl浓度为 2 0 0 0mg L ,交联比 2 0∶1时形成的交联体系 ,其临界交联浓度在 2 0 0～ 30 0mg L间 .     

基于多肽结构的聚合物水凝胶

多肽由于具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性、生物活性以及自组装特性, 近年来受到了广泛的关注。将多肽自组装特性引入到聚合物中,可赋予聚合物形成凝胶性并对凝胶网络分子结构做出一定控制,进而使凝胶具有如环境响应、力学可调等结构控制性能;将特殊功能性多肽引入到化学交联的聚合物凝胶网络中,可赋予水凝胶生物功能性,如细胞黏附、酶降解、抗菌等;将多肽的凝胶网络构建、结构控制作用以及功能性同时引入获得的物理/化学双重交联凝胶不仅赋予水凝胶一定的功能性,且多肽自组装贡献的物理交联结构还能对化学交联凝胶网络起增强作用。本文综述了基于多肽自组装的物理交联聚合物水凝胶、多肽功能化的化学交联聚合物水凝胶以及基于多肽的物理/化学双重交联的聚合物水凝胶,并展望了这些水凝胶的发展前景。     

交联聚合物P(MMA-MAh)-PEG1500基凝胶电解质锂离子键合极性基团作用FTIR研究

用聚乙二醇(PEG1500)和甲醇先后与共聚物(P(MMA-MAh))发生酯化反应,合成得到交联聚合物P(MMA-MAh)-PEG1500.以该交联聚合物P(MMA-MAh)-PEG1500、碳酸丙烯酯(PC)和锂盐(LiClO4)为三种组分制备凝胶聚合物电解质,电解质性能必会受到这些组分间存在的微观相互作用的影响.采用FTIR来研究PC和P(MMA-MAh)-PEG1500中存在的极性基团(C=O和C—O—C)与Li+的相互作用.对于PC/LiClO4和polymer/LiClO4体系,FTIR定量分析显示,极性基团对Li+的吸收系数分别为0.113和0.267,说明在红外光谱中Li+键合C=O和C—O—C极性基团比自由极性基团吸收灵敏度高;另外,计算该二体系中Li+键合极性基团(C=O和C—O—C)的当量百分数极限值分别为94%和45%,表明极性基团与Li+间存在的相互作用是可逆的,并且体系PC/LiClO4中相互作用强度大于体系polymer/LiClO4.     

辐照交联法制备锂离子电池用凝胶聚合物电解质及其性能

采用γ-射线辐照交联法制备了具有网络结构的聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯/新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(PVDF-HFP/NPGDA)基凝胶聚合物电解质(GPE). 考察了不同辐照剂量对凝胶电解质形貌结构、热稳定性和电化学性能的影响以及不同辐照剂量和不同温度下电导率的变化. 结果表明, 随辐照剂量的增加, 凝胶电解质的固化程度提高, 电导率下降. 电导率随温度的变化符合VTF方程. 当辐照剂量为5 kGy 时, 制备的凝胶电解质具有较高的离子电导率和电化学稳定窗口, 室温下分别为7.8×10-3 S·cm-1和4.7 V(vs Li/Li+). 以其为电解质制备的LiMn2O4∣GPE∣Li聚合物锂离子电池具有较好的循环性能.     

共轭聚合物水凝胶的制备与应用进展

共轭聚合物水凝胶是利用共轭聚合物制备的水凝胶材料,兼备水凝胶的力学性质、溶胀性质和共轭聚合物优异的电化学特性.共轭聚合物水凝胶的制备方法多样,主要有原位聚合、直接填充、物理交联和化学交联等.同时,在面对环境和能源领域的应用挑战时,共轭聚合物水凝胶具备良好的发展潜能,可广泛应用于药物释放、能量转换、能量储存、传感器、组织损伤修复和污水处理等诸多领域.本文系统归纳了共轭聚合物水凝胶的制备方法和应用,对其研究目前存在的主要问题以及未来发展方向进行了分析.     

可生物降解交联聚合物的研究进展

交联聚合物具有稳定的三维网络结构,可以提高药物缓释载体的尺寸稳定性。本文综述了可生物降解交联聚合物的研究进展,主要介绍了可生物降解交联聚合物的制备方法,包括交联剂交联、辐照交联、光致交联以及过氧化物交联在制备可生物降解交联聚合物中的应用,详细介绍了交联剂的种类及结构对交联效果的影响、交联后聚合物性能的变化等。最后总结了可生物降解交联聚合物在组织工程支架、药物缓释材料、神经再生修复材料以及形状记忆材料等生物医用领域的应用。     

超交联微孔聚合物研究进展

超交联微孔聚合物是一类重要的多孔聚合物材料, 由于其具有高比表面积、合成条件温和、单体来源广泛等优点而成为研究的热点. 根据不同阶段合成方法的差异, 超交联聚合物主要由以下三种方法制备得到: (1)含官能团聚合物前体的后交联; (2)功能化小分子单体的一步法自缩聚; (3)通过外交联剂“编织”刚性的芳香族单体. 本文介绍了超交联聚合物的发展过程, 着重对三种合成超交联聚合物的方法、同时对微孔聚合物微观形貌的控制以及其在气体储存、分离、催化等方面的应用进行了总结. 最后提出了超交联聚合物的缺陷和所面临的挑战, 并对未来超交联微孔聚合物的发展前景进行了展望, 指明了超交联聚合物发展的新方向.     

交联壳聚糖／聚醚半互穿聚合物网络水凝胶中水的状态

合成了一种由戊二醛交联的壳聚糖与聚醚形成的半互穿聚合物网络的水凝胶，用ＤＳＣ法并结合ＩＲ光谱研究了该水凝胶中水的状态及水与聚合网络间的相互作用。     

含有4,4′-双(甲基丙烯酰胺基)偶氮苯水凝胶的合成及其在结肠位药物释放的动物实验

合成了不同链长的甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酰胺及丙烯酸与4,4′-双(甲基丙烯酰胺基)偶氮苯交联共聚的功能凝胶.三维网络结构通过压缩弹性模量、有效交联密度及聚合物与溶剂间的相互作用参数进行了表征.主要研究了这类凝胶在pH2.2和pH7.4的缓冲溶液的平衡溶胀特性及其偶氮交联基团在体内的降解行为,并讨论了其降解机制.凝胶在胃部的性能稳定,既不发生溶胀,亦不发生降解;但在盲肠内偶氮交联基因可发生降解.其降解率与凝胶的平衡溶胀程度有一个很好的关联:交联程度、疏水基侧链的长度及含量对凝胶溶胀行为的影响结果与这些因素对偶氮交联基团体内降解的影响结果完全一致.通过调节这些因素不仅可以控制凝胶的溶胀程度,而且可以控制偶氮交联基团在体内的降解行为.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.