水稻雄性不育系C1001中发现无融合生殖株系的细胞学和胚胎学研究

对水稻雄性不育系C1001的生殖方式进行的细胞学和胚胎学研究表明,在水稻雄性不育系C1001的部分株系中,其生殖方式出现了几种类型的无融合生殖,在完全隔离的条件下,在胚珠内观察到有两条胚的可能发生途径,其一,胚来自胚珠体细胞(因尚未追溯其来源,暂定为胚来自胚珠体细胞),然后挤向胚囊继续发育成成熟胚;其二,胚来自未授精的卵细胞或助细胞,以孤雌或单性生殖的方式发育成胚,不形成真正的胚乳,此外反足细胞发生位移,细胞质变稀薄,液泡化,并进行有丝分裂,形成多细胞结构,讨论了水稻C1001中发生的无融合生殖方式和意义。     

贻贝脂肪酸成分分析

报道了山东黄海海域养殖雄、雌贻贝中的脂肪酸成分，用快速脂肪提取器分别提取雄、雌贻贝脂肪。脂肪经甲酯化后，用ＧＣ分析了其中的脂肪酸，结合ＧＣ／ＭＳ各鉴定出４１个峰，分别占脂肪酸总量的９８．５％和９６．５％。其中雄、雌贻贝中不饱和脂肪酸分别占７０．９％和７１８％，ＥＰＡ＋ＤＨＡ超过２７％。     

3－环戊氧基雌甾－1，3，5（10），16－四烯并[17,16-b]喹啉及其衍生物的合成

以雌酚酮1为原料，与溴代环戊烷作用经Williamson反应合成雌酚醚2，再与邻 氨基苯甲醛发生Friedlaender缩合反应，合成3－环戊氧基雌甾－1，3，5（10）， 16－四烯并[17,16-b]喹啉（3）及其它的衍生物4，其结构经IR，UV，^1H NMR,MS 和元素分析进行结构测定和表征。     

南京丰年虫卵黄颗粒在离体培养下重建细胞的电子显微镜观察

本文主要叙述南京丰年虫中雌中间性以卵黄颗粒为基础在离体培养下重建核和细胞的电镜观察。观察到的核结构和细胞结构的形式是多种多样的,这可能与中雌的发育情况,不同方式的重建过程、不同培养时间以及不同发展程度有关。同时也观察到卵黄颗粒结构的变化,核重建和细胞重建的某些过渡形态等。这些结果与中雌以卵黄颗粒为基础在离体培养下重建细胞的显微缩时电影和相差定位观察是可以相互对应的,而且与中雌生殖囊内长成卵母细胞以卵黄颗粒为基础重建细胞从原位切片进行电子显微镜观察的结果也是相类似的。     

富硅微量元素肥料的应用研究

使用自制的富硅微量元素肥料对水稻、甘蔗、花生进行实验。结果表明水稻、甘蔗、花生增产达到显著水平以上的分别占８３．３３％、８３．３３％和５８．３３％,三种作物的最佳Ｎ、ＳｉＯ２施用比例分别为１：０．８４、１：０．６５和１：０．６５～０．８５。该肥可使水稻增产稻谷５．５７％～１２％,最高增产达２１．１７％;花生增产６．０２％～１４．８４％,最高增产２８．９１％;甘蔗增产可达１０．５１％～１１．７３％,     

多酚氧化酶催化反应的抑制动力学及机理

用丙酮自香蕉皮中提取多酚氧化酶，用氧电极法测得酶促儿茶酚氧化反应的表现活化能为２３．６ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１，米氏常数为１．５８×１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，测试了９种化合物对酶活性的抑制效果。以苯甲酸为抑制剂研究了抑制动力学及机理，测出蕉皮酚酶中含有铜离子，它起着活化反应物的作用，抑制剂与铜离子的结合抑制了酶的催化活性。     

量热法研究线粒体代谢的热力学和动力学行为

线粒体是细胞中极为重要的细胞器，是产生细胞所必需的“富能”物质ATP的重要场所，为细胞活动提供所需化学能．在生命体能量代谢过程中除一部分能量用于合成ATP外，其余则以热的形式释出．用精密热量计测出线粒体代谢过程中的热量输出对了解线粒体的功能和代谢机制具有十分重要的意义．用微量热法研究线粒体体外代谢已有一些报导［‘，’］．本工作用精密热量计和差式扫描量热仪侧定了水稻线粒体体外代谢热谱和DSC曲线，计算了水稻线粒体活性增长速率常数，比较了不同保藏时间的水稻线粒体体外代谢的差异，并初步探讨了水稻线粒体在变…     

电化学不对称合成进展

综述了电化学不对称合成的研究概况，按照诱导手性方式的不同分六类加以介绍，参考文献５８篇。     

近红外光谱法同时测定多种雌、孕激素

研究并建立了用近红外吸收光谱同时测定多种雌、孕激素含量的快速方法,以四氢呋喃为溶剂,测定了雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酚酮,安宫黄体酮混合溶液的近红外光谱,利用雌,孕激素类物质在6000－11000cm^-1之间的近红外吸收,用偏最小二乘法解析重叠光谱,求得各组分的含曦,结果表明近外光谱法可以有效地同时检测雌二醇,雌三醇、雌酚酮和安宫黄体酮;并讨论了多种因素对测量精度的影响。     

（3S）—β—羟基丁酸的合成

以光学活性Ｌ－乳酸为原料，经还原得（２Ｓ）－１，２－丙二醇（２），再经亚硫酰环化、亲核加成及酸解反应，得到手性合成子（３Ｓ）－β－羟基丁酸，收率５８．４％（以的２计），光学纯度大于９０％。     

EVIDENCE FOR INVOLVEMENT OF PHYTOCHROME REGULATION IN MALE STERILITY OF A MUTANT OF Oryza sativa L.

Abstract— A rice mutant ( Oryza sativa L. Nongken 58S) "Hubei photoperiod-sensitive genie male-sterile rice" ( ms mutant) has been found to be male sterile under long day cycles (LD) and fertile in short day cycles (SD). After formation of the secondary rachis-branch primodia the mutant plants under SD were interrupted in the middle of the long night phase (night break) for 10 days with 5 min pulses of red light (R) or far-red light (FR). Rates of normal pollen and seed setting of the mutant treated by R or R → FR → R declined significantly, while the rates after FR or R → FR treatments were similar to those under SD alone. The result of these induction reversion experiments is consistent with the operational criteria for the involvement of photochrome. Wild-type rice ( O. sativa L. Nongken 58) under the same treatment showed no change in fertility. Experiments on the effect of different dark intervals (20 s to 15 min) between R and FR on male sterility of the ms mutant showed that the longer the dark interval, the greater the escape of R induction from FR reversibility. Treatment with SD or LD after formation of pollen mother cells had no influence on fertility of the ms mutant plants treated previously with R or FR night breaks.     

Binding of Androgen- and Estrogen-Like Flavonoids to Their Cognate (Non)Nuclear Receptors: A Comparison by Computational Prediction

Flavonoids are plant bioactives that are recognized as hormone-like polyphenols because of their similarity to the endogenous sex steroids 17β-estradiol and testosterone, and to their estrogen- and androgen-like activity. Most efforts to verify flavonoid binding to nuclear receptors (NRs) and explain their action have been focused on ERα, while less attention has been paid to other nuclear and non-nuclear membrane androgen and estrogen receptors. Here, we investigate six flavonoids (apigenin, genistein, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, and resveratrol) that are widely present in fruits and vegetables, and often used as replacement therapy in menopause. We performed comparative computational docking simulations to predict their capability of binding nuclear receptors ERα, ERβ, ERRβ, ERRγ, androgen receptor (AR), and its variant AR^T877A and membrane receptors for androgens, i.e., ZIP9, GPRC6A, OXER1, TRPM8, and estrogens, i.e., G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER). In agreement with data reported in literature, our results suggest that these flavonoids show a relevant degree of complementarity with both estrogen and androgen NR binding sites, likely triggering genomic-mediated effects. It is noteworthy that reliable protein–ligand complexes and estimated interaction energies were also obtained for some suggested estrogen and androgen membrane receptors, indicating that flavonoids could also exert non-genomic actions. Further investigations are needed to clarify flavonoid multiple genomic and non-genomic effects. Caution in their administration could be necessary, until the safe assumption of these natural molecules that are largely present in food is assured.     

Screening of synthetic and plant-derived compounds for (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic activities

Recently we constructed yeast cells that either express the human estrogen receptor α or the human androgen receptor in combination with a consensus ERE or ARE repeat in the promoter region of a green fluorescent protein (yEGFP) read-out system. These bioassays were proven to be highly specific for their cognate agonistic compounds. In this study the value of these yeast bioassays was assessed for analysis of compounds with antagonistic properties. Several pure antagonists, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and plant-derived compounds were tested. The pure antiestrogens ICI 182,780 and RU 58668 were also classified as pure ER antagonists in the yeast estrogen bioassay and the pure antiandrogen flutamide was also a pure AR antagonist in the yeast androgen bioassay. The plant-derived compounds flavone and guggulsterone displayed both antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, while 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) and equol combined an estrogenic mode of action with an antiandrogenic activity. Indol-3-carbinol (I3C) only showed an antiandrogenic activity. Coumestrol, genistein, naringenin and 8-prenylnaringenin were estrogenic and acted additively, while the plant sterols failed to show any effect. Although hormonally inactive, in vitro and in vivo metabolism of the aforementioned plant sterols may still lead to the formation of active metabolites in other test systems.     

Validation and application of reporter gene assays for the determination of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptor activity in sport supplements

Previously developed estrogen and androgen mammalian reporter gene assays (RGAs) were assessed for their potential use as a quantitative screening method in the detection of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors (EDs) in sport supplements. The validation of both RGAs coupled with dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) was performed in accordance with European Commission Decision EC/2002/6579 for biological screening methods. Decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) were established for both the estrogen and androgen RGAs. All samples were compliant with CCα and CCβ in both bioassays. Recovery rates were 96 % for 17β-estradiol and 115 % for dihydrotestosterone as obtained in their corresponding RGA. Both estrogens and androgens were stable in samples for more than 3 weeks, when stored at -20 °C. Specificity, good repeatability (coefficients of variation (CV), 12-25 %), reproducibility and robustness of both bioassays were also observed. Four different ED modes of action were determined for estrogens and androgens in 53 sport supplements, using the validated RGAs. This study revealed that 89 % of the investigated sport supplements contained estrogenic EDs and 51 % contained androgenic compounds. In conclusion, both bioassays are suitable for sport supplement screening of estrogenic and androgenic EDs.     

气相色谱-质谱技术分析香稻特征化合物2-乙酰基吡咯啉

建立了气相色谱-质谱技术(GC-MS)分析香稻特征化合物2-乙酰基吡咯啉的方法。在香稻中加入内标物2,4,6-三甲基吡啶,密闭,经无水乙醇-二氯甲烷(体积比为1:1)在80 ℃水浴中提取3 h。考察了温度和时间对2-乙酰基吡咯啉提取的影响。提取液经毛细管气相色谱柱HP-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)分离,全扫描监测模式GC-MS测定。以内标物计,方法的平均回收率为82.57%,相对标准偏差为5.09%,最低检出限为0.01 mg/kg。将该方法应用于11份香稻育种材料中2-乙酰基吡咯啉的测定,结果表明,清香米、泰香R207、Texmati、桂香丝糯和中健2号等5个品种中含有2-乙酰基吡咯啉,含量分别为0.097、0.098、0.699、0.045和0.047 mg/kg。该方法样品处理简单、快速、灵敏、样本和试剂消耗少,尤其适合于通过测定2-乙酰基吡咯啉含量进行香稻育种前的大批量品种筛选。     

REGULATION OF STEROIDOGENESIS OF INFANT AND ADULT RHESUS MONKEY GRANULOSA CELLS in vitro

The present studies have demonstrated that infant monkey granulosa cells, like the adult ones, have the potential of responding markedly in vitro to human FSH, cyclic-AMP and forskolin, resulting in the increase of progesterone and estrogen production. Exogenous hCG was also capable of increasing FSH-stimulated progesterone biosynthesis in both infant and adult granulosa cells, but did not stimultate the infant granulosa cells to secrete estrogen. Addition of a synthetic estrogen, diethylstilestrol, to the culture of monkey granulosa cells enhanced the FSH-stimulated progesterone and estrogen production. The esteroidogenesis of monkey granulosa cells was also dramatically stimulated by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Monkey granulosa cells, unlike the other animal cells, secrete measurable amount of estrogen in the absence of androgen substrate. The findings reported here are significant in regard to understanding of the mechanism of hormonal regulation of primate ovarian function.     

GC - MS法对不同产地大米的快速鉴定

采用GC - MS对4种不同产地大米中的脂溶性成分进行分析,并利用NIST标准质谱库和质谱图搜索程序进行检索.结果表明,大米中主要的脂溶性成分为棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、角鲨烯和谷甾醇.不同产地大米中脂溶性化合物的指纹谱图存在显著差异,通过主成分分析和聚类分析,建立了一种对不同产地大米进行快速鉴定的方法.     

Regulation of steroidogenesis of infant and adult rhesus monkey granulosa cells in vitro

The present studies have demonstrated that infant monkey granulosa cells, like the adult ones, have the potential of responding markedly in vitro to human FSH, cyclic-AMP and forskolin, resulting in the increase of progesterone and estrogen production. Exogenous hCG was also capable of increasing FSH-stimulated progesterone biosynthesis in both infant and adult granulosa cells, but did not stimulate the infant granulosa cells to secrete estrogen. Addition of a synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol, to the culture of monkey granulosa cells enhanced the FSH-stimulated progesterone and estrogen production. The steroidogenesis of monkey granulosa cells was also dramatically stimulated by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Monkey granulosa cells, unlike the other animal cells, secrete measurable amount of estrogen in the absence of androgen substrate. The findings reported here are significant in regard to understanding of the mechanism of hormonal regulation of primate ovarian function.     

Non-destructive neutron activation analysis studies on a withering disease of lowland rice occurring near an iodine plant

The withering disease of lowland rice that seems to be an injury from exess iodine was recognized in the paddy fields near an iodine isolation plant. To investigate the cause of this disease a pot experiment of lowland rice was performed and iodine contents of soils and rice plants were determined by non-destructive neutron activation analysis. The soils of the disease-produced paddy fields were remarkably polluted by iodine, its contents in roots of diseased rice plants were more than the reported limiting values for the disease.     

流动注射光度法测定黄酒中蛋白质的含量和分子量分布

将流动注射技术引入Bradford蛋白质测定法,利用Sepadex G-100凝胶层析柱分离黄酒中的蛋白质,可直接测定蛋白质的含量和分子量分布。成品酒（熟酒）为5．32g/L（6．86g／L）;高分子蛋白质（Fw〉25000）占10．52％（13、08％）;中分子蛋白质（FW：25000～5000）占49、12％（54．12％）;小分子蛋白质（FW〈5000）占40、36％（32、80％）,并得到黄酒中蛋白质含量与分子量分布的曲线谱图,可监控和预测黄酒的品质。