妊娠糖尿病与非妊娠糖尿病患者头发微量元素含量分析

采用高频等离子体发射光谱法测定了妊娠糖尿病患者、非妊娠糖尿病患者以及相应对照组的头发微量元素锌、铁、铜、锰、锶、镁和常量元素钙的含量。56例健康妊娠妇女的发锌含量为（139．9±31.5）×10－6，而11例妊娠糖尿病妇女为（114．3±29．4）×10－6，两者比较差异有显著性，（P＜0．05），其它元素铁、铜、锰、锶、镁和钙不存在显著性差异。而45例非妊娠糖尿病女性与33名健康非妊娠女性的头发微量元素含量比较表明：两者锌含量不存在显著性差异，但糖尿病组铜显著低于健康对照组（P＜0．05），分别为（6．32±2．31）×10－6和（9．05±16．50）×10－6，糖尿病组铁含量（21．5±11．7）×10－6亦显著低于健康对照组（26．9±10．7）×10－6，其余元素无显著性差异。前后两组实验结果表明妊娠糖尿病患者与非妊娠糖尿病患者的微量元素代谢状况并不相同，妊娠糖尿病患者的锌缺乏状态值得引起注意。     

葡萄糖酸锌治疗3～7岁缺锌儿童疗效观察

检测了玉林市城区八所幼儿园3280名3～7岁儿童发锌。对检出发锌＜110×10-6及生长发育迟缓、厌食、头发稀黄、营养不良等1725人采用口服葡萄糖酸锌治疗（1mg／kg体重·d，分两次饭后服，连服2个月）。治疗后总有效率为95．65％，无效占4．35％，防治后发锌由原来的87．2×10－6±34．6×10-6上升为115．3×10-6±43．6×10-6，差异非常显著（P＜0．001）。     

铅在人体中的允许量及其与锌的相关性

236名健康人按年龄分6组统计，发铅值（x±S）为8．98×10－6±4．95×10－6~25.66×10－6±14．16×10-6；高锌及低锌儿童共69例的发铅、发锌相关系数r＝-0．2849，呈负相关，P＜0．01。     

儿童发铅与智商关系的研究

为探讨环境中低浓度铅对儿童智商的影响，选择131名合肥市某小学四年级学生，以其发铅水平作为铅暴露指标，智商为效应指标。结果发现：131名儿童发铅值水平在0．05×10－6～8．35×10-6（均数上标准差为2．57×10－6±1．87±10-6，拟和智商（FIQ）水平在72～135（均数±标准差为105．27±12．68）。以3．5×10-6和1．5×10－6发铅值为分界线进行t检验，结果发现，发铅值在较低水平时（1．5×10－6）时，仍对智商有影响（P＜0．05）。控制11个对智商有影响的混杂因素后，经多元逐步回归分析，发铅值排在11个影响因素中的第2位。     

深圳市小学生头发中锌,铜,铁含量与血红蛋白的相关分析

为探讨深圳市小学生头发中锌、铜、铁的含量与贫血的关系，随机选择了9～14岁的小学51名，检测了头发中锌、铜、铁的含量，血红蛋白（Hb）水平，结果显示：深圳市小学生发锌、铜、铁均值分别为155．43×10-6，7．03×10-6，17．63×10-6，发锌值处于国内部分城市的较高水平，发铜含量较低，发铁居中。结合该51名小学生Hb的测定，按我国儿童少年贫血筛检国家标准，贫血29名，发锌均值为150．94×10-6；血红蛋白含量正常22名．其发锌均值为168．98×10-6，贫血组和正常组发锌含量的显著性检验t＝2．035，P＜0．05，两组发锌含量差别有显著意义，说明贫血与发锌含量有联系。在锌的日膳食供给量（RDA）基本正常的情况下，则应注意贫血和体内钢、铁含量及其利用率的相互关系。     

广州地区妊娠妇女锌、钙代谢状况调查

调查了31名早孕妇女的头发锌、钙含量,其中锌为(139.0±40.1)×10-6,钙为(1081±478)×10-6;中孕妇女37名,发锌为(142.4±25.2)×10-6,钙为(666.1±143.3)×10-6;而69名晚孕妇女头发锌含量为(140.9±25.0)×10-6,钙含量为(864.7±562.8)×10-6。对照组为非妊娠健康妇女,共41名,头发锌含量为(158.1±61.9)×10-6,钙含量为(1241±546)×10-6。结果显示,三期妊娠妇女的发锌、发钙含量均显著低于正常对照组。     

儿童锌营养缺乏症的流行病学调查

对390例有锌营养缺乏表现的0～6岁儿童．进行发锌检测及锌营养缺乏的相关因素分析。结果表明与无锌营养缺乏表现的儿童相比，缺锌率分别是90．6％及37％，发锌均值分别是78.8×10-6±17.82×10－6和116.4×10±26.42×10－6。体格发育正常的儿童发锌均值明显低于生长发育低下的儿童，分别是76.7×10－6±17.82×10－6和98．4×10-6±18．95×10-6。资料表明，年龄越小越易发生锌营养缺乏。     

微量元素与妊娠及围产医学的关系

为探讨微量元素与妊娠及围产医学的关系，取４９例正常孕产妇和５１例异常孕产妇的头发进行微量元素检测．结果表明，异常孕产妇中妊娠高血压综合征组发锌均值（１０４±１７．５４）×１０－６明显低于正常组（１６８±２２．１２）×１０－６，而发铜均值（１３．３±０．７８）×１０－６明显高于正常组（１１．３±０．９４）×１０－６，不明原因流产组发锌（１１５±１０．３２）×１０－６，发铜（９．０３±１．０３）×１０－６两项均值明显低于正常组，羊膜早破组仅发铜均值（７．５９±１．９７）×１０－６低于正常组；畸胎组则锌、铜、铁、钙均值都低于正常组．经统计学处理均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５或产＜０．０１）     

油漆工头发中铁、锌、铜水平的研究

对８２名苯作业工人和１００名对照组工人的发铁、发锌和发铜含量水平进行了研究。结果揭示，油漆作业工人发铁含量为１０．３×１０－６±２．３×１０－６，明显低于对照组（１４．４×１０－６±３．１×１０－６）．Ｐ＜０．０１，发铜含量为７．４×１０－６±１．２×１０－６，亦低于对照组（９．８×１０－６±１．３×１０－６）．Ｐ＜０．０５；发锌含量为１６９．２×１０－６±２６×１０－６，与对照组（１７２．５×１０－６±２８×１０－６）基本相同，Ｐ＞０．０５．     

儿童发锌含量差异对血红蛋白及铜代谢的影响

分析测定了３４６名儿童的发锌（Ｚｎ）、发铜（Ｃｕ）含量，从中抽出发锌含量大于１００×１０－６和小于６０×１０－６的两组儿童进行比较，发现高锌儿童的血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）含量显著高于低锌儿童；身高、体重等代表体格发育的指标明显不同，高锌组儿童发育明显优于低锌组．说明发锌含量高低直接影响到儿童造血功能及发育水平．另外高锌组的发铜含量比低锌组低，两组μｕ／Ｚｎ比值有显著性差异，锌的高含量对铜的代谢有一定影响，锌对铜具有拮抗作用．     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。