Analyses of edge plasma characteristics in HL-2A

The edge plasma characteristics are studied by both a movable array of Mach/Reynolds stress/Langmuir 10-probes in the boundary region and the fixed flush probe arrays on the 4 divertor neutralization plates at the same toroidal cross-section in the HL-2A tokamak. The dependence of the Reynolds stress on poloidal flow in the edge plasma is analysed. The result indicates that the sheared poloidal flow in tokamak plasma can be induced by the radial gradient of Reynolds stress. In the divertor experiments of HL-2A, the profiles of the electron temperature, density and floating potential on divertor plates are measured by the flush probe arrays. The edge electron temperature in divertor configuration is higher than that in limiter configuration. The temperature asymmetry between outer and inner target plates is observed. The result of magnetic surface reconstructed from 18 Mirnov coils signals is presented. Both the particle recycling and the impurity flux in the bulk plasma during divertor discharges are discussed. Neutral gas pressure in divertor chamber, measured by fast ionization gauge during divertor discharge, is given.     

Tokamak residual zonal flow level in near-separatrix region

Residual zonal flow level is calculated for tokamak plasmas in the near-separatrix region of a diverted tokamak. A recently developed method is used to construct an analytic divertor tokamak configuration. It is shown that the residual zonal flow level becomes smaller but still keeps finite near the separatrix because the neoclassical polarisation mostly due to the trapped particles goes larger in this region.     

The first results of divertor discharge and supersonic molecular beam injection on the HL-2A tokamak

HL-2A tokamak is the first tokamak with divertors in China. The plasma boundary and the position of the striking point on the target plates of the HL-2A closed divertor were simulated by the current filament code and they were in agreement with the diagnostic results in the divertor. Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) system was first installed and tested on the HL-2A tokamak in 2004. In the present experiment low pressure SMBI fuelling on the HL-2A closed divertor was carried out. The experimental results indicate that the divertor was operated in the `linear regime' and during the period of SMB pulse injection into the HL-2A plasma the power density convected at the target plate surfaces was 0.4 times of that before or after the beam injection. It is a useful fuelling method for decreasing the heat load on the neutralizer plates of the divertor.     

HL-2A单零偏滤器的位形特征

利用积分方法对多种电流剖面下HL2A装置单零偏滤器位形特征进行了计算研究。积分方法的优点是可以在任意电流剖面下求解具有X-点的自由边界的Grad-Shafranov方程。对HL2A装置而言,大体上可以在合理设定的分界面形状下,经几次叠代计算出各组极向场线圈(垂直场,三对多极场和多极补偿场以及水平场)中的电流。HL-2A的单零偏滤器位形基本上是圆截面加上在X-点附近的局部形变。对刮离区和偏滤器靶板区磁力线特性进行了分析以确定偏滤器的品质。     

Impurity behaviours of HL-2A divertor tokamak during the initial operation period

The divertor configuration was successfully formed and the siliconization as a wall conditioning was first achieved on HL-2A tokamak experimentally in 2004. The divertor configuration is reconstructed by the use of the CFC code. Impurity as an important issue is investigated in the experiments with divertor configuration and wall conditioning. Impurities dramatically decrease after both the divertor configuration is formed and silicon is coated on the surface of the vacuum vessel.     

HL-2A偏滤器运行模式的探针测量

在HL-2A装置的偏滤器位形运行模式下,用偏滤器靶板上的平面型嵌入式静电探针阵列测量了同一环截面的内外和上下四个中性化板上的电子温度、密度、悬浮电位分布。偏滤器运行模式下的边缘电子温度高于孔栏运行模式下的边缘的电子温度。比较了内外靶板之间的温度不对称性。给出了由18个米尔诺夫线圈信号重建获得的磁分界面,并用强磁场快速电离规测量了偏滤器室的中性气体压强变化。测量结果表明,在偏滤器运行模式下,主真空室中边缘粒子再循环降低,杂质通量水平下降。     

Density Fluctuation Measurements Using FIR Interferometer on HL-2A Tokamak

Density fluctuations were first measured in the core region of HL-2A tokamak plasma using a newly developed multi-channel FIR interferometer system. In divertor ohmic discharges, we measured the radial density fluctuation levels of 5%, which increase to 10-20% during the appearance of MHD activity. Most of the power density in the density fluctuation spectrum is directly associated with m = 2 tearing modes. The fluctuation levels reduce to 1/3 and plasma confinement is improved during off-axis electron-cyclotron-resonance heating （ECRH）.     

自由边界等离子体平衡问题的数值解法

一、基本方程和边界条件 在轴对称情况下,采用柱坐标系(R,z,),可将磁流体平衡方程用流函数ψ表示为     

MPT－X磁偏滤器位形的数值计算

ＭＰＴ－Ｘ是带４个内导体坏的托卡马克装置。本文用差分法计算了ＭＰＴ－Ｘ磁偏滤器的平衡磁面位形。结果表明，迭加上各种强度的八极场都能形成磁偏滤器位形，形成电流的放电中心区域随八极场的增加而收缩。还模拟了从多极器运行模式向托卡马克的过渡。     

EAST位形磁流体平衡的模拟

对托卡马克平衡反演数值计算代码EFIT进行了改进,使之适用于EAST装置的磁流体平衡研究.用改进后的平衡反演代码EFIT模拟了EAST装置稳态阶段的偏滤器平衡位形.提出极向场线圈电流作为线性方程组主约束条件,期望位形作为从约束条件,求解非对称电流条件下自由边界平衡问题的方法.结果表明,该方法能较为容易地得到非对称电流条件产生的平衡位形,在非对称电流条件下自由边界平衡计算是收敛的.     

A Study of Magnetic Diverter Properties in the WISTOR-U Ultimate Torsatron

The WISTOR-U ultimate torsatron design was modeled to determine the effect of various vertical coil configurations particularly with respect to divertor properties. The separatrix and divertor behavior were studied using a modified version of a previously developed code. The divertor properties were studied for various vertical field coil configurations and strengths. The possibility of using structural members for vertical coils and the resultant divertor action around the structural members was investigated. A reduction in area inside the separatrix was observed with deviations from the pure ultimate torsatron base case.     

HL-2A装置偏滤器室中性气体压强的初步研究

HL-2A装置上首次实现了偏滤器位形放电。采用专门研制的可在强磁场和强噪声环境下工作的快响应真空电离规对偏滤器室内的中性气体压强进行了测量,给出了HL-2A装置偏滤器有关结构的基础数据。初步研究了偏滤器位形和孔栏位形放电期间偏滤器室中性气体压强的特性。     

HL-2A装置偏滤器位形超声分子束注入深度观测

用22道Hα辐射测量阵列观测了HL-2A装置偏滤器位形超声分子束的注入过程。观测结果表明：在HL-2A装置偏滤器位形下,当分子束注入气源压强大于1MPa时,Hα辐射沿径向分布存在两个峰值,其第二个Ha辐射峰值位于r/a~0.8附近,表明大部分氢粒子在等离子体边缘(SOL区域)即被离解或电离,但仍有部分氢粒子沉积在分界面内5cm。     

托卡马克放电过程中偏滤器位形的演化

本文研制了适用偏滤器位形的１－１／２维托卡马克输运程度，并该程序模拟了托卡马克装置放电期间偏滤器位形的演化。在纯欧姆加热和有辅助加热两种放电方式下，对不同等离子体电流分布，拉长比，三角形变等参数下等离子体平衡位形的演化过程进行了计算机模拟。     

Computational Study of MHD Equilibrium of Noncircular Tokamak Reactor Plasmas

The MHD equilibrium and stability of noncircular tokamak plasmas limited by a separatrix is studied for reactor size systems. A typical example with a plasma current of 15.8 MA and major radius of 8.1 is presented. The required vertical field is generated by a set of discrete external coils and no conducting shell is included. The detailed equilibrium shape is calculated numerically for a vertical elongated plasma with two stagnation points symmetrically located above and below the midplane as would be required for a system with a poloidal divertor. The plasma height to width ratio is 2, the plasma shape factor is 1.6 and poloidal ? is 2.2. The plasma is locally stable. The general stability criteria with respect to quasi-rigid motions (special kink modes) are calculated numerically and found to be satisfied. Size scaling and the engineering constraints are discussed.     

Establishment of Configuration with Optimized Current Profile in Pellet Fuelled Discharge on HL-2A

A sawtooth-free period is produced following the pellet injection in the pellet fuelled discharge of qa = 3.4 （where qa is the safety factor at the plasma boundary） in the HL-2A tokamak. Establishment of the current profile such as in the hybrid scenario is studied under the condition of pellet injection in HL-2A. It is shown that a q-profile of weak negative shear is produced immediately after the pellet injection, and it then evolves to a broad flat profile with q0 〉 1 （where qo is the safety factor at the centre）. The measured MHD mode structures evidence consistencies of the evaluated q-profile with locations of the q = 1 surface in the sawtoothing period and of the q = 2 surface in the sawtooth-free period. TRANSP analysis indicates that the energy confinement is enhanced substantially during and after pellet injection, which is resulted from the q-profile optimization and the plasma density peaking.     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of holographic reconstruction and prediction of multi-source hybrid acoustic field

Recently, NAH has been developed as an efficient tool for noise identification, noise localization and acoustic field visualization. Compared with the traditional acoustic ra-diation calculation problem, the solving problem in the NAH is an inverse acoustic problem. By measuring partial acoustic field information, such as complex pressures or particle velocities on the hologram surface, but not the surface normal velocities of the vibrating body, the surface information can be reconstructed,…     

HL-2A装置送气和加料的脱靶特性

HL-2A装置辐射偏滤器实验采用边缘补充送气和分子束加料等方法来提高主等离子体密度,降低边缘等离子体温度、增加辐射功率分额,获得脱靶等离子体。偏滤器室内进行主动补充送气或者注入惰性气体杂质,降低偏滤器等离子体温度,获得脱靶等离子体,并首次获得了超声分子束注入产生脱靶等离子体的实验结果。利用HL-2A装置偏滤器同一极向截面内外中性化板上安装的嵌入式探针阵列和偏滤器室安装的电动探针系统,测量了偏滤器靶板上和偏滤器室的等离子体参数及其分布,并进行了相关分析和改善约束以及偏滤器脱靶等离子体运行模式下等离子体行为的研究。