胎儿脐带血铅水平与钙、锌、铁的关系研究

目的研究胎儿脐带血中的铅与钙、锌、铁的含量以及两两之间的相关性。方法采用原子吸收光谱法对398例脐带血铅和钙、锌、铁的含量进行测定,并对它们进行相关性分析。结果 398例脐带血铅和钙、锌、铁的质量浓度分别为铅(37.96±17.78)μg/L、钙(1.51±0.29)mmol/L、锌(30.01±11.14)μmol/L、铁(8.63±1.39)mmol/L。线性回归分析显示:铅与钙(r=-0.563,P0.01)、铅与锌(r=-0.424,P0.01)有相关性,铅与铁无显著相关(r=0.018,P0.05)。结论随着胎儿体内血铅水平的上升,二价元素钙、锌含量有下降趋势,即中毒元素铅会干扰胎儿体内的必需二价元素的代谢。     

微量元素变化对反复呼吸道感染的影响

检测了240例反复呼吸道感染患儿血微量元素含量。结果表明,反复呼吸道感染患儿血锌、铁、钙低于正常对照组(P<0.01);血铅高于正常对照组(P<0.01);血铜、镁两组相当,差异不显著(P<0.05)。提示反复呼吸道感染患儿体内存在锌、铁、钙元素缺乏及铅含量升高。     

甘肃省裕固族地区部分7～13岁儿童智商与血清钙、镁、铁、锌、铜含量的相关分析

为了解甘肃省裕固族地区儿童智商发育及血清钙、镁、铁、锌、铜水平,收集可能影响儿童智力发育的资料,给相关研究提供科学依据,采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取甘肃省张掖市肃南裕固族自治县的部分7~13岁儿童作为研究对象,自行设计问卷收集儿童信息、现场采用瑞文智力测试图谱对研究对象进行了智力测试,同时采集部分儿童指端末梢血,用原子吸收光谱仪测定了血钙、镁、铁、锌、铜水平,并做了相关性分析。结果表明,智商均值为(106.26±14.10)分,接近人群中等水平(90~109分);按年龄、民族和城乡出生地分组,13~14岁组与其他各年龄组间均存在统计学差异,7~9、10~12岁组内未发现统计学差异,组间存在部分统计学差异;非裕固族、城市儿童智商值高于裕固族、农村儿童,差异有统计学意义。全血5种元素测定结果:钙、镁、铁、锌、铜元素平均水平分别为:(2.02±0.58)mmol/L、(1.69±0.39)mmol/L、(8.67±2.01)mmol/L、(91.51±29.23)μmol/L、(17.05±6.13)μmol/L,均处于人群正常水平;各年龄组间比较,钙、锌、镁显示出统计学差异,其他元素及组间对比,均无统计学意义;按农村与城镇、裕固族与非裕固族分类,钙、镁、铁、锌、铜元素水平均未发现统计学差异;进一步按照智力等级进行相关性分析,显示锌的差别有统计学意义。提示与全国儿童智力发育水平相比,裕固族地区儿童IQ及血清钙、镁、铁、锌、铜元素平均水平接近人群正常水平,但智力与锌摄入水平存在统计学相关;城乡等社会因素与裕固族地区儿童智力相关性更大。     

微量元素对胎儿发育影响的临床研究

为了解小于胎龄儿的血锌、铜、铅的变化 ,对 3 8例小于胎龄儿 (其中 1 2例有先天缺陷 )进行了血锌、铜、铅三种微量元素检测 ,并与 3 1例健康足月适于胎龄儿比较。结果表明 ,3 8例小于胎龄儿血锌、铜、铅结果分别为 49 4± 1 9 88μmol/L、 1 0 7± 3 3 μmol/L、 1 5± 0 83 μmol/L ;与正常对照组 (分别为 62 3 9± 1 5 2 9μmol/L、 1 1 0 2± 1 73 μmol/L、 0 82± 0 3 9μmol/L)比较 ,血锌明显低于正常组 ,t=-2 88,P <0 0 1 ;血铅明显高于对照组 ,t =4 6,P <0 0 1 ,有显著性差异。两组血铜无明显差异。小于胎龄儿血锌降低 ,血铅增高 ,而且其先天性缺陷者占3 5 .5 8% ,证明胎儿的低锌高铅状态对其生长发育有重要影响。     

兰州市城关区313名儿童血铅水平及其钙、铁、铜和锌的调查研究

为了解兰州市城关区儿童血铅水平及其钙、锌、铁、铜等微量元素分布状况,对兰州市城关区某幼儿园及同时期来我院儿保体检的正常儿童采耳用微量血无火焰原子吸收光谱法进行铅、钙、锌、铜、铁元素的测定。结果表明,本次调查儿童血铅≥10μg/dL者占93．9％,各年龄组间钙、锌、铜、铁有显著性差异。提示血铅水平与锌、钙存在相关关系。     

儿童微量元素水平及铅暴露对健康影响的调查

为调查儿童体内微量元素锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、硒水平及铅暴露情况,探索铅中毒防治方法,2004年1月至2006年12月30日对儿科门诊130例既往有纳差、挑食、易患病、多动、注意力不集中、学习成绩差、睡眠不安稳等症状儿童进行了血中微量元素及铅含量测定,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法统计分析,采用t检验。结果表明,血锌值均低于正常,除6～11岁女22人、12～14岁男14人,P>0.05,无显著性差异外,其余94人P<0.001,有非常显著性差异;血硒值全部低于正常值,P<0.01及P<0.001有非常显著性差异;血铁、铜、钙、镁均在正常范围内;全部有血铅暴露,其中铅中毒者(血铅>0.1)42人,阳性率32.81%(42/128)。提示患儿锌、硒缺乏比较普遍且严重,铅暴露对小儿健康影响不可忽视,应加强合理喂养及饮食均衡,必要时药物干预治疗,预防铅中毒刻不容缓。     

1152例婴儿血中6种元素检测结果的分析

为探讨婴儿体内铜、锌、钙、镁、铁和铅微量元素的含量及其与年龄、性别的关系,测定了1 152例湖南长沙地区1岁内婴儿指末梢全血中6种元素铜、锌、钙、镁、铁和铅的含量,对其结果进行了统计分析。结果表明,所测婴儿元素铁、锌缺乏最显著,其次是钙缺乏;铜、镁无明显失衡;血铅超标的水平较低;不同性别之间6种元素含量的差异无统计学意义。提示在长沙地区的孕婴保健中,应加强锌、钙与铁的合理补充。     

矮小儿童血清微量元素分析

为通过分析矮小儿童血清生长激素(hGH)及微量元素水平,探讨微量元素在儿童生长发育中的重要作用,回顾性分析了176例矮小儿童空腹血清hGH及微量元素锌、铁、铜、钙、镁水平,其中血清微量元素含量用原子吸收分光光度法测定,而hGH采用hGH激发试验,并应用化学发光法测定。结果表明,55.68%的矮小儿童伴有微量元素缺乏,其中血清钙、锌、镁明显低于正常儿童(P<0.05),分别为(2 158.44±147.82)μmol/mL、(14.06±4.03)μmol/mL、(794.78±86.23)μmol/mL。提示矮小儿童应注重补充微量元素,均衡饮食,以满足机体生长发育所需。     

铅接触者铅与锰、铬、镍、镉、铜、铁、锌、钙、镁相关关系的分析

检测了50名名接触者在驱铅前后全血中铅、锰、铬、镍、镉水平以及血清中铜、铁、锌、钙、镁水平,并将其与50名对照组比较。结果表明,铅对人体内钙、镁、锌、铜、铬、镍均有影响。     

镉基体分离及纯镉中杂质成分的ICP-MS法测定

研究了用阴离子交换树脂分离纯镉中铜、锌、铅、铁的条件，所得优化分离条件为：717型阴离子交换树脂柱，样品溶液为2mol/L HCl溶液；三段淋洗液依次为2mol/L HCl溶液、0．2mol/L HBr 0．25mol/L HNO3的混合酸溶液及3mol/L HNO3溶液。经ICP-MS测定证明，95％以上的镉得到分离，95％以上的铜、锌、铅、铁可以分离测定，有效地降低了ICP-MS测定纯镉中铜、锌、铅、铁时镉基体的干扰。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。