腰果酚键合硅胶固定相的制备及其色谱性能北大核心CSCD

天然产物作为一种绿色低毒、来源广泛、功能位点丰富的单体,已被广泛应用于色谱固定相的研制与开发。该文以天然可再生资源腰果酚为配体,通过一步法开环反应将其接枝到由γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)修饰的硅胶上,制备得到腰果酚键合硅胶固定相。利用傅里叶红外光谱、元素分析、热失重分析和N_(2)吸附脱附实验对固定相进行表征,结果表明成功制备了腰果酚键合硅胶色谱固定相。采用Tanaka实验试剂、烷基苯、多环芳香烃、苯酚类化合物和芳香族位置异构体为探针评价其分离性能和保留机制,并与C_(18)柱进行对比。研究发现,腰果酚键合固定相除疏水作用外,还具有π-π和氢键作用。基于上述保留作用,腰果酚键合硅胶固定相对测试探针表现出良好的分离性能。重复进样10次,各探针保留时间的RSD为0.052%~0.079%,峰面积的RSD为0.104%~0.847%,峰高的RSD为0.081%~0.272%,表明该色谱柱具有良好的重复性和稳定性。此外,腰果酚键合硅胶色谱柱对中药喜树果和吴茱萸果的粗提物具有良好的分离性能,验证了其在实际样品分析中的巨大潜力。将天然产物腰果酚用于色谱固定相的制备,为分离纯化喜树碱和吴茱萸提供了新的方法,同时拓展了腰果酚在色谱分离材料方面的应用。     

漆酚酯键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的制备与应用

以甲基丙烯酸漆酚酯为色谱配体,制备了一种新型色谱固定相。首先以漆酚和甲基丙烯酰氯为原料制备得到甲基丙烯酸漆酚酯,并通过物理吸附涂覆到由3-（甲基丙烯酰氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷化学修饰的硅胶上,再通过自由基引发与硅烷化硅胶的双键聚合制得漆酚酯键合硅胶固定相（USP）。对固定相进行傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重分析（TGA）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和元素分析（EA）表征,结果表明通过共聚反应成功地将漆酚酯固定在硅烷化硅胶上,且制备出的固定相具有良好的单分散性。采用匀浆法装柱,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液（3：97,v/v）为流动相,流速为0.4 mL/min,检测波长为220 nm,考察固定相对天麻浸膏的分离性能。以乙腈-水（50：50,v/v）为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为290 nm,考察固定相对吴茱萸浸膏的分离性能。结果表明该固定相对天麻浸膏和吴茱萸浸膏均具有良好的分离性能,从天麻浸膏中分离出5个色谱峰,从吴茱萸浸膏中分离出2个色谱峰。与商品化C₁₈ 柱相比,USP柱可以从天麻浸膏中分离出更多的有效组分并实现基线分离,分离吴茱萸浸膏的色谱条件更为环保和安全。采用低流速对天麻浸膏和吴茱萸浸膏进行分离,减少了流动相的使用量,分离结果令人满意。以天然产物漆酚制备色谱固定相,既为分离纯化天麻素和吴茱萸碱提供了一种新的方法,又为液相色谱固定相制备提供了新的思路,还拓展了生漆在色谱分离材料方面的应用。     

多壁碳纳米管键合硅胶固定相的保留机理研究

制备了3种不同键合量的多壁碳纳米管键合硅胶固定相。以芳香族化合物为目标分析物,甲醇-水为流动相,分别考察了其在不同流动相比例、流速、柱温条件下,酸性、中性、碱性化合物的色谱保留行为,并通过计算分离过程中焓变、熵变和吉布斯自由能等热力学参数,探讨了色谱柱的保留机理。结果表明,碳纳米管键合硅胶与未键合的硅胶固定相分离对氨基苯磺酸和尿嘧啶时,因碳纳米管的加入增强了其疏水作用,保留机理与反相色谱柱相似。而分离中性化合物时,因加入的碳纳米管引入π-π作用,增强了对化合物的保留,有效地提高了色谱柱的柱效。碳纳米管的加入使溶质分子在固定相上的保留增强,溶质分子从杂乱无序排列转为有序排列,且溶质分子在不同碳纳米管键合量的色谱柱上的保留并非由单一机理支配,而是由多种作用相互协同的结果,这使碳纳米管键合硅胶固定相在分离和固相萃取领域展现出良好的应用前景。     

溴化1-乙烯基-3-十二烷基咪唑硅胶键合固定相制备及其色谱性能

膜脂作为细胞质膜的主要组成部分,在生命活动中扮演着重要的作用,其涉及多种重要疾病的发生和发展过程。发展适用于膜脂分离分析的新型色谱材料对于其后续结构和生物学功能研究具有重要的意义。该文选用具有潜在生物相容性的离子液体溴化1-乙烯基-3-十二烷基咪唑（1-vinyl-3-dodecylimidazole bromide,VDI）为功能单体,通过一步法点击反应将其接枝到巯基功能化硅球表面,制备得到了新型溴化1-乙烯基-3-十二烷基咪唑硅胶键合固定相（Sil-VDI）。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和热重分析仪对Sil-VDI固定相材料的结构进行表征,结果证明Sil-VDI色谱固定相已被成功制备。保留机制研究显示填充Sil-VDI色谱柱具有典型的反相/离子交换混合模式保留特性。基于此,采用不同疏水性物质烷基苯、多环芳烃、苯胺、苯衍生物和无机阴离子BrO₃ ^- 、NO₃ ^- 和IO₃ ^- 为测试物,对所制备固定相的色谱性能进行了研究。结果表明,该固定相对4类疏水性物质和无机阴离子均有较好的分离选择性和良好的峰对称性。进一步研究了所制备的Sil-VDI色谱柱对鸡蛋黄磷脂和肺腺癌细胞提取膜脂的分离效果,结果显示Sil-VDI色谱柱对2种磷脂样品均显示出了良好的分离能力。该文所制备的Sil-VDI色谱固定相合成方法简便,具有良好的分离分析应用潜能,后续工作会进一步研究该固定相在生物样品中的分离分析性能。     

咪唑键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的正相色谱行为

该文将咪唑键合硅胶液相色谱固定相填充到毛细管中,在自制的微柱液相色谱系统下以碱性(胺类)和酸性(酚类)化合物为溶质对该固定相的正相色谱行为进行考察.结果表明该键合相在正相色谱模式下对碱性化合物具有良好的分离选择性,而酸性化合物在流动相中加入改性剂乙酸的条件下也实现了较好的分离.研究表明,正相模式下该键合相的保留机理存在着氢键、静电吸引及π-π等相互作用机制.     

两亲性纤维素接枝聚脱氢枞酸共聚物的制备及性能研究

通过均相原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)将生物质基疏水性松香单体(脱氢枞酸(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基)酯,MAEDA)接枝到纤维素骨架上合成了全生物质基两亲性的纤维素-g-聚脱氢枞酸接枝共聚物(cellulose-g-PMAEDA).ATRP反应过程动力学研究表明cellulose-g-PMAEDA接枝共聚物的合成过程是活性可控的;傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、凝胶色谱(GPC)和X射线衍射(XRD)结果证实了cellulose-g-PMAEDA接枝共聚物的成功合成;由于聚脱氢枞酸侧链的引入,cellulose-g-PMAEDA接枝共聚物的热稳定性,疏水性能明显提高,并且具有紫外吸收性能;动态光散射仪和透射电镜结果表明两亲性cellulose-g-PMAEDA接枝共聚物能够在水溶液中自组装成平均粒径约为200 nm左右的纳米微球,并且该纳米微球具有以纤维素为壳,聚脱氢枞酸酯为核的核壳结构.     

姜黄素键合硅胶固定相高效液相色谱分离取代芳香酸类化合物

研究了13种取代芳香酸类化合物在姜黄素键合硅胶固定相(CCSP)上的色谱行为,考察了甲醇含量、流动相pH值对CCSP分离取代芳香酸类化合物的影响,探讨了该固定相对芳香酸类化合物的色谱保留机理,并应用于实际样品复方水杨酸搽剂的分离分析。结果表明,在不同含量的甲醇-0.02 mol.L-1NaH2PO4(pH=2.5)流动相体系中,三组芳香酸标准混合样和实际样品中四种主要成分在CCSP上实现基线分离。与ODS柱相比,在相同条件下,CCSP对这类酸性化合物具有较高的选择性,且对13种取代芳香酸类化合物的洗脱顺序与ODS具有显著差异,其中5种溶质在CCSP上的保留强于ODS,这说明不同保留机理的存在。研究表明,CCSP具有典型的反相色谱特征,但疏水性较ODS弱;除疏水作用外,n-π和π-π作用、氢键作用、电荷转移作用、偶极-偶极作用对分离也有贡献。CCSP对极性、电离性物质如水杨酸、对硝基苯甲酸、3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸和邻溴苯甲酸等具有较强的保留;由于CCSP较弱的疏水性和多种分离机制,邻氯苯甲酸和苯甲酸在CCSP上的保留不会像在ODS上那么强,且分离度明显优于ODS。     

奎宁功能化聚乙烯咪唑修饰硅胶亲水相互作用色谱固定相的制备及应用

通过表面自由基链转移聚合和亲核取代反应制备了一种新型奎宁功能化聚乙烯咪唑修饰硅胶亲水色谱固定相(Sil-PIm-Qn)。通过元素分析和红外光谱对该固定相进行表征,并在亲水相互作用色谱(HILIC)模式下对其进行了色谱性能评价。结果表明,该固定相对5种氨基酸、9种磺胺以及10种碱基核苷有较好的分离选择性。实验考察了流动相中有机相乙腈体积分数和水相中乙酸铵浓度对待分离物质保留行为的影响,并进一步对固定相分离的重复性进行了考察,其保留时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.08%~2.30%(n=10)。该亲水色谱固定相制备方法简单,并且表现出了优异的亲水色谱分离性能,有望在磺胺类药物及生物样品中碱基核苷等亲水性物质的分离分析中有一定应用。     

大黄素键合硅胶固定相的制备及其在核苷碱基药物分离中的研究

通过γ-[(2,3)-环氧丙氧]丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)偶联剂将具有抗菌功能的植物有效成分大黄素键合到硅胶上,制备了大黄素液相色谱键合固定相(EDSP)。采用元素分析、红外光谱和热分析对该固定相的结构进行表征。以嘧啶、嘌呤和核苷为溶质探针,并用ODS柱做参比,对固定相的色谱性能及保留机理进行了研究。研究结果表明,该固定相具有类似ODS的反相色谱性能,除疏水作用外,由于大黄素的大π共轭体系,为溶质提供了n-π和π-π作用位点;且两个邻位羟基和两个羰基的存在,能够与溶质之间发生氢键作用和偶极-偶极作用。与ODS柱相比,该固定相在极性化合物分离中占优势,且分析速度较快。此外,实验还发现,该固定相能较好地分离二甲苯同分异构体,预示着该固定相有一定的立体选择性分离能力。     

用于乳糖含量测定的新型氨基键合硅胶色谱固定相的制备及评价

基于合成的氨基键合硅胶色谱固定相,按照2015版《中华人民共和国药典》乳糖项下含量测试方法,建立了高效液相色谱-示差折光检测（HPLC-RI）分离乳糖与蔗糖的分析方法。考察了3种不同类型的氨基色谱固定相制备的色谱柱（300 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）对乳糖和蔗糖的保留时间、分离度和峰面积稳定性等色谱行为的影响。以乙腈-水（70 ∶ 30,v/v）为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10 μL。结果表明：使用异丙基侧链保护的氨基色谱柱时,乳糖和蔗糖的分离度为3.03,实现了二者的良好分离,且各目标物峰形良好;乳糖峰面积的RSD仅为1.14%,小于药典规定的2.0%。该法满足2015版《中华人民共和国药典》方法中乳糖含量测定的要求,适合作为乳糖含量测定的质控色谱柱。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.