聚烯丙胺改性磺酸催化剂催化苯甲酸正丁酯的合成

发展聚合物载体催化剂是有效解决催化剂利用及绿色合成化学的重要课题。烯丙胺盐酸盐作为单体在引发剂作用下聚合得到聚烯丙胺,通过环氧氯丙烷进行交联得到交联的聚烯丙胺盐酸盐。以交联聚烯丙胺作为载体,通过与氯磺酸反应,制备了高负载的固体磺酸催化剂。交联聚烯丙胺磺酸催化剂在150℃以内均是稳定的,表现出良好的热稳定性。该催化剂被用于催化苯甲酸与正丁醇反应制备苯甲酸正丁酯。反应的最佳条件为丁醇与苯甲酸（BA）的摩尔比为2∶1,催化剂用量为20 g/mol BA,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为6 h;苯甲酸的酯化率为95%。该催化剂可以重复利用多达4次而保持较高的催化性能。     

乳酸丁酯的非均相催化合成

在Ga2 O3负载量为20％,500℃焙烧2h的条件下制备了固体酸催化剂Ga2 O3/SiO2,利用红外光谱分析对催化剂进行了表征.将其用于非均相催化合成乳酸丁酯的反应,考察了催化剂用量、n(正丁醇)∶n(乳酸)、环己烷用量、反应时间和催化剂重复使用性能等因素对酯化率的影响.结果表明,该催化剂催化合成乳酸丁酯的适宜反应...     

SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸新制备方法及其对形成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的催化活性

建立了用钛白粉制备固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2的新方法．考察了超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2的制备条件对催化邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇酯化反应的催化活性的影响．实验表明，以合成的超强酸为催化剂，在160℃反应4h，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的产率大于99％．     

新型磁性纳米固体酸催化剂ZrO2/Fe3O4的制备及表征

根据将磁性一材料和固体酸进行组装的设想，成功制备了磁性纳米固体酸催化剂。纳米级样性前体-磁基体(Fe3O4)的磁性、粒子尺寸受到Fe^2^+/Fe^3^+投料比和用于沉淀的NaOH浓度的显著影响；不同复合方法也对磁性固体酸催化剂ZrO2/Fe3O4的酯化催化性能影响显著。XRD，XPS，TEM，比表面积测定，元素组成分析及磁学性能测定等表征结果证实，新型催化剂以磁性材料为核，固体酸催化剂活性组分包覆在其外部形成包覆型的磁性纳米催化剂。该系列催化剂均具有较小的粒子尺寸、较强的磁性及较高的酯化催化活性；并且易于通过磁场进行回收，使用寿命较长。它们对乙酸与正丁醇酯化反应的催化活性随着ZrO2含量增加而提高。催化剂中ZrO2的晶化温度因为Fe3O4的存在而升高，有利于催化剂活性的保持，热处理温度会对催化剂的磁性及催化活性产生影响。     

聚合物微球固载的N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺在分子氧氧化甲苯过程中的催化性能

以交联聚苯乙烯(CPS)微球为基质,经过几步大分子反应在微球表面合成与固载了N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI),形成固载有NHPI的聚合物微球CPS-NHPI。本文主要将CPS-NHPI与过渡金属盐组成共催化体系,用于分子氧氧化甲苯的反应,考察了该非均相催化剂的催化特性与催化氧化机理。结果表明,几种过渡金属盐中,Co(OAc)2的助催化效果最好;微球CPS-NHPI与Co(OAc)2所构成的共催化体系,在温和条件(80℃和常压氧气)下可有效地将甲苯深度氧化为苯甲酸,显现出高的催化活性(甲苯转化率达到57%)与优良的选择性(苯甲酸的选择性达到84%)。催化氧化反应遵循自由基链式反应机理。主催化剂CPS-NHPI固载的NHPI与助催化剂Co(OAc)2适宜的摩尔比为14∶1,主催化剂所含NHPI为底物的12(mol)%时,催化剂用量较为合适。固体催化剂CPS-NHPI具有良好的再循环使用性能。     

固体杂多酸盐催化性能 Ⅰ．钨磷、钨硅杂多酸碱金属盐的合成、表征和催化酯化反应

合成了ＨＰＷ１２、ＨＳｉＷ１２杂多酸的一系列铯盐：ＣｓｘＨ３－ｘＰＷ１２（ｘ＝０～３），ＣｓｘＨ４－ｘＳｉＷ１２（ｘ＝０～４）．测定了它们的酸强度、ｐＨ滴定曲线、ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ、ＩＲ光谱和比表面积．以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化为探针反应，考察了催化剂的酸催化活性．实验发现，碱金属取代后，ＰＷ１２系列的多数催化剂的酸强度提高，而ＳｉＷ１２系列的则降低，但对同一系列来说，由ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ测得的酸强度和酸量均随取代量增加而减小，ｐＨ滴定的结果与此类似，当ｘ＝２．５时，两系列催化剂的比表面积均存在一个极值．对乙酸和正丁醇的催化酯化活性只与总酸量有关，与表面积无关，属假液相反应．     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸新制备方法及其对形成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的催化活性

建立了用钛白粉制备固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2的新方法.考察了超强酸SO42-/TiO2的制备条件对催化邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇酯化反应的催化活性的影响.实验表明,以合成的超强酸为催化剂,在160℃反应4h,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的产率大于99%.     

用浓H2SO4-K2Cr2O7改性煤基活性炭催化合成乙酸正丁酯

乙酸正丁酯是一种重要的化工原料,也可广泛应用于食品工业、医药工业中作香料、溶剂等。它的传统合成方法是在硫酸催化下,冰乙酸和正丁醇进行酯化制得,但此法有很多公认的缺点[1,2]。近年来人们不断探索新型催化剂来代替硫酸,国内外研究较多的催化剂有无机盐[3,4]、固体酸[5-7]     

微波辐射下固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+催化合成没食子酸正丁酯

没食子酸正丁酯为白色或淡褐黄色的结晶粉末,无臭,稍有苦味;难溶于水,易溶于乙醇,是一种油溶性的抗氧化剂,常作为食品稳定剂、感光材料添加剂等[1].没食子酸正丁酯可由没食子酸和正丁醇在硫酸催化下直接合成.硫酸催化活性高,价格低,但对设备腐蚀严重,副反应多,产率低,反应时间长,后处理比较困难.近年来有采用十二烷基苯磺酸、固体超强酸[2,4]等作为替代硫酸的催化剂.固体超强酸的应用研究进展较快,已从单一型向复合型发展.本文在微波辐射下用固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+为催化剂由没食子酸与正丁醇合成没食子酸正丁酯,考察了反应条件对产品产率的影响,并对产品进行了IR分析.     

微波辐射下固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)催化合成没食子酸正丁酯

没食子酸正丁酯为白色或淡褐黄色的结晶粉末,无臭,稍有苦味;难溶于水,易溶于乙醇,是一种油溶性的抗氧化剂,常作为食品稳定剂、感光材料添加剂等[1 ] 。没食子酸正丁酯可由没食子酸和正丁醇在硫酸催化下直接合成。硫酸催化活性高,价格低,但对设备腐蚀严重,副反应多,产率低,反应时间长,后处理比较困难。近年来有采用十二烷基苯磺酸、固体超强酸[2 ,4] 等作为替代硫酸的催化剂。固体超强酸的应用研究进展较快,已从单一型向复合型发展。本文在微波辐射下用固体超强酸SO2 -4 /TiO2 /La3+为催化剂由没食子酸与正丁醇合成没食子酸正丁酯,考察了反…     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.