钾皂化HEHPEHE的谱学性质及微乳液的形成

运用傅立叶变换红外光谱研究了钾皂化2－乙基已基磷酸单2－乙基巴基酯（简称HEHPEHE或P507）的性质，同时配合激光光散射技术研究皂化应对形成微乳液性能的影响．红外光谱的研究表明，皂化度（αs）超过60％时，（K，H）EHPEHE呈现酸盐体系的特殊性质，体系对水的增溶能力迅速增大，该体系开始具有形成微乳液的能力；αs为75％左右时，体系对水的增溶能力最强；大于75％时，随着皂化度的继续增加，体系对水的加溶能力迅速下降．激光光散射的实验结果表明，αs为75％时，微乳体系中的平均液滴半径达到最大值（103.8nm）。红外光谱的结果证明形成微乳液对HEHPEHE分子中的P－O－C、P＝O和P－O－H均与水分子有不同程度的相互作用．     

P507(K)-醇-正庚烷-水四组分微乳液体系的结构参数

根据球状模型并结合稀释法求得了P507(K)-醇(正戊醇、正己醇、异戊醇、异己醇)-正庚烷-水四组分微乳液的结构参数：水内核半径R_w、颗粒有效半径R_e、界面层厚度l、颗粒平均聚集数、颗粒总数N_d以及分散相所占总界面面积A_d。结果表明，R_w与ω(水与表面活性剂摩尔数之比)成线性关系。由直线的截距还求得P507(K)极性头的水化层厚度为0.58 nm。     

复盐K2Mg(IO3)4 2H2O的热力学性质

由于碱金属碘酸盐晶体在电学性质的利用上有重要价值和发现碘酸盐晶体非线性性质［‘］，七十年代以来，Vinogradov等对碘酸盐-碘酸-水系统发生了极大的兴趣，做了大量研究工作［’－‘］，发现在碘酸盐．碘酸一水三元体系里有碘酸盐复盐K2M（IO3）4·2H2O（M＝Mn2＋、Co2＋、N     

油酸钠微乳液体系的结构参数和电导行为研究

本文用稀释法测定了油酸钠/醇/正庚烷/水四组分W/O型微乳液体系的结构参数:水内核半径Rw,颗粒有效半径Re,界面层厚度L,平均聚集数N,颗粒总数Nd,分散相总界面积Ad等结构参数和醇从连续相转移到界面的自由能△Goc-i。结果表明微乳液水内核半径Rw大小在纳米尺度;随含水量的增加,水内核半径Rw直线增加,而醇转移的界面自由能-△Goc-i减小,在含水量较低时微乳液的稳定性较强。对助表面活性剂的种类、内水相盐度变化对油酸钠微乳液电导率的影响进行了考察,结果表明使用正丁醇时形成电导渗滤体系,而使用正戊醇、异戊醇和正己醇时形成的是非渗滤体系;内水相中加入Na NO3对电导渗滤有抑制作用。醇碳链长度增加及适当的盐度有利于微乳液体系的稳定。     

P507(K)-醇-正庚烷-水微乳液界面含醇量变化及对体系结构的影响

Ｐ５０７（Ｋ）－醇－正庚烷－水微乳液界面含醇量变化及对体系结构的影响沈兴海,高宏成（北京大学技术物理系,北京,１００８７１）关键词微乳液,２－乙基己基－２－乙基己基膦酸钾,饱和溶水量醇的性质与含量通过影响微乳液界面性质而影响其结构,而Ｗ／Ｏ型微乳液中...     

O／W微乳液中聚邻甲苯胺超微粒子的制备

聚邻甲苯胺具有较高的电导率、较好的贮存电荷的能力和良好的环境稳定性，因而具有较大的应用价值［’－‘j，其合成方法主要有电化学合成法和化学合成法［‘·’J．化学会成法所得聚邻甲苯肢的粒子一般大于100urn．近年来，以表面活性剂聚集体微乳液、溶致液晶为介质，制备超微粒子材料已为人们所关注「’－’］．以微乳液为介质进行聚合反应亦引起重视，但大部分微乳液聚合都是在四组分微乳液（表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、单体和水）中进行‘”·“‘．近年来，某些油溶性单体已成功地在无助表面活性剂的三组分微乳液中聚合［‘’·‘’1…     

皂化萃取剂的物理化学性质

测定了P507钾(钠)/仲辛醇/正庚烷体系在不同含水量时的密度、折光率、粘度和电导等性质,并从微乳液的形成、结构和相转变对实验结果进行了初步讨论.     

微乳液催化苯乙烯聚合反应

微乳液催化苯乙烯聚合反应１）郝京诚汪汉卿２）（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所兰州７３００００）石元昌李干佐（山东大学胶体与界面化学研究所济南２５０１００）关键词微乳液催化苯乙烯聚合微乳液［１］是油、水、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂在适当比例下自发形成的热力...     

醇的链长对微乳状液形成的影响

本文研究了醇对非离子型表面活性剂ＡＥＯ９［Ｃ１２Ｈ２５Ｏ（Ｃ２Ｈ４Ｏ）９ＯＨ］、正庚烷、水体系形成微乳液的影响。通过四组分的拟三元相图，得到各体系的微乳区。结果表明，当醇的链长不同时，体系的微乳区的类型及面积均不同。其中，丁醇体系的微乳区面积最大，它比Ｂａｎｓａｌ－Ｓｈａｈ－Ｏ＇ｃｏｎｎｅｌ相关方程的结果少一个碳原子。     

SDBS/n-C8H18/n-C4OH/盐水体系中相微乳液双连续结构

微乳液是指由水（盐水）、油（烃）、一种或几种表面活性剂组成的热力学稳定体系,这类体系具有低粘度、各向导性、透明或半透明的性质[1],微乳液在许多工业实际问题中,例如润滑、以洗涤、催化等方面得到了应用[2],近年来,微乳液和反向胶束中酶催化技术的开发[3]以及分离蛋白质中的应用[4],使微乳液在生化技术研究中倍受青睐．与过剩盐水相和过剩油相达三相平衡时的微乳液即为中相微乳液。中相微乳液具有既可增溶水又可增溶油的特殊性质,并且微乳液与过剩水相和过剩油相间的界面张力（飞uw和7;n。;）极低顺干2．0。10－’1liN·111…     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。