超相对论强度激光与薄膜靶作用中0.4 nm以下X射线阿秒脉冲的产生

用一维粒子模拟程序对功率密度在10²² W/cm²以上的超强激光驱动薄膜靶产生的相对论电子层及其经过汤姆孙散射产生的阿秒X射线进行了研究. 结果表明, 在超相对论强度范围下增大驱动激光强度, 相应减小等离子体密度及厚度可使电子层获得更高纵向动量, 使汤姆孙散射光明显向更短波长移动. 优化相关参数得到了波长为 1.168 nm的阿秒脉冲. 经过对倍频探测光方案与驱动光以及薄膜靶参数进行综合考虑和优化, 得到的X射线相干辐射波长有效减小到0.4 nm以下, 产生的光子能量达到2 keV以上. 关键词： 超相对论强度激光 阿秒X射线 相对论电子层 汤姆孙后向散射     

kHz激光与固体靶相互作用产生的X射线源

利用kHz激光与固体靶相互作用产生了平均流强为1.3×10⁷ photons·sr^-1·s^-1的X射线源, 研究了激光的对比度和能量对激光与固体靶相互作用产生的X射线能谱及K_α 产额的影响, 使用刀边成像技术测量了X射线源的源尺寸, 并进行了初步的成像实验. 实验中观察到对于非相对论级别的激光脉冲, 降低激光的对比度有利于提高K_α 产额, 而使用高对比度高强度激光, 更有利于获得高通量高信噪比X射线源. 关键词： kHz激光 固体靶 X射线     

对激光等离子体中X射线的产生与辐射加热研究

利用一维辐射流体力学程序MULTI数值模拟研究了功率为1014Wcm2、脉冲宽度为300ps、波长为0.44μm的强激光辐照平面Au靶时产生X射线的过程,给出了X射线转换效率和能谱分布.通过将靶物质划分为对所产生的X射线光学薄的转化区和光学厚的再发射区,得到了作为黑体辐射热源的最佳靶厚度,并给出了辐射加热靶所产生的等离子体的密度和温度的空间分布. 关键词： 辐射流体力学 激光等离子体 X射线转换 辐射热波     

激光与相对论电子束相互作用中阿秒X射线脉冲的产生

本文对激光与相对论电子束相互作用产生的阿秒X射线脉冲进行了研究.阿秒X射线脉冲是由于激光被相对论运动的电子束经过汤姆孙后向散射产生的.讨论了等离子体参数对产生的阿秒X射线的影响.发现其波长随着入射激光的频率的增加或电子束的速度增加而减小.选择合适的参数还可以获得"水窗"波段的X射线.还讨论了相对论电子束的密度与其前沿的密度梯度的大小对所产生X射线的转化效率的影响. 关键词： 阿秒X射线脉冲 汤姆孙后向散射 超强激光 相对论电子束     

靶的厚度对激光产生的x射线输运到靶后能谱的影响

利用一维辐射流体动力学程序MULTI数值模拟研究了功率为10¹⁴W/cm²、脉冲宽度为1ns、波长为0.35μm的短脉冲强激光辐照不同厚度的平面Au靶时，靶厚度对靶背面x射线能谱结构和辐射强度的影响. 关键词： 激光等离子体 辐射流体力学 x射线转换     

吸积盘的X射线辐射对周围星际物质的离化研究

利用辐射流体力学程序对三倍频纳秒激光与靶物质相互作用进行了模拟研究，得到了可以产生黑体辐射谱分布的激光等离子体X射线辐射靶的最佳厚度；数值模拟研究了黑体谱分布的X射线辐射场对等离子体系统平均离化度分布的影响，它有助于深入理解天体物理中吸积盘对它周围星际物质的离化影响. 关键词： 辐射流体力学 激光等离子体 X射线辐射 吸积盘 离化     

激光柱形腔靶的X射线温度和X射线转换效率

本文根据实验和数值模拟给出的信息,解析研究激光加热柱形腔靶(简称“腔靶”)X射线温度与激光转换的X射线能之间的定标规律,推断了1989年在神光激光器上做的系列腔靶实验,对于每束激光能量为300—500J,脉冲宽度为0.7—1.0ns,波长λ为1.06μm的高斯型激光源,双束靶的X射线转换效率约为(50—55)%,X射线温度为(1.5—1.7)×10⁶K。 关键词：     

抽运激光在光靶中的局域及其对X射线激光特性的影响

新型X射线靶设计为:由SiO2和TiO2组成具有12个周期的一维光子晶体,在它的中间嵌入光靶材料层作为缺陷层,SiO2,TiO2和光靶层的光学厚度分别为λ4、λ4和λ2,λ为抽运激光波长.与普通平板光靶相比,当抽运光垂直照射到这种光靶时,靶层内部的光强将提高2个数量级,所以抽运激光的阈值强度将降低2个数量级,这有利于X射线激光的小型化.在同样的抽运激光照射下,X射线激光的强度将提高4个数量级,转换效率也将提高约4个数量级.由于平均电离度随抽运激光强度的提高而提高,所以采用这种光靶有利于使X射线激光向短波长推进. 关键词： X射线激光 光子晶体 光波局域     

类氖锗的X射线激光增益及其传输特性研究

在神光(10¹²W)装置上,用1.06μm激光加热片状锗靶,用袖珍式掠入射光栅谱仪测量了类氖锗离子的3S—3P激光跃迁线的增益系数和X射线激光的传输特性,得到的结果为:波长为19.638,23.224,23.627,24.743和28.643nm的5条激光跃迁线的增益系数分别为3.06,3.99,3.72,2.36和4.59cm^-1;当等离子体长度为18mm时,相应的X射线激光的发散角约为12mrad,发射X射线激光的等离子体厚度约为200μm,X射线激光峰值强 关键词：     

超热电子与金黑腔靶作用产生硬X射线的蒙特卡罗模拟

激光打靶产生大量麦氏分布的超热电子,与金腔靶相互作用产生硬X射线.利用蒙特卡罗方法,对超热电子在金腔靶中的传输进行了研究,模拟了在不同超热电子温度、份额下硬X射线谱的变化及在不同腔体尺寸、腔壁厚度情况下,硬X射线谱的变化情况,给出硬X射线产生效率的决定因素.利用硬X射线谱反推得到的超热电子信息与蒙特卡罗程序模拟结果相结合的方法,获得金腔内部超热电子初始信息. 关键词： 热电子 超热电子 蒙特卡罗方法 硬X射线     

Laser-produced plasma helium-like titanium Kα x-ray source and its application to Rayleighben-Taylor instability study

Several experiments are performed on the ShenGuang-II laser facility to investigate an x-ray source and test radiography concepts. X-ray lines emitted from laser-produced plasmas are the most practical means of generating these high intensity sources. By using a time-integrated space-resolved keV spectroscope and pinhole camera, potential helium-like titanium Kα x-ray backlighting (radiography) line source is studied as a function of laser wavelength, ratio of pre-pulse intensity to main pulse intensity, and laser intensity (from 7.25 to ～11.3× 10¹⁵ W/cm²⁾. One-dimensional radiography using a grid consisting of 5 μm Au wires on 16 μm period and the pinhole-assisted point projection is tested. The measurements show that the size of the helium-like titanium Kα source from a simple foil target is larger than 100 μm, and relative x-ray line emission conversion efficiency ξ_x from the incident laser light energy to helium-like titanium K-shell spectrum increases significantly with pre-pulse intensity increasing, increases rapidly with laser wavelength decreasing, and increases moderately with main laser intensity increasing. It is also found that a gold gird foils can reach an imaging resolution better than 5-μm featured with high contrast. It is further demonstrated that the pinhole-assisted point projection at such a level will be a novel two-dimensional imaging diagnostic technique for inertial confinement fusion experiments.     

水窗波段附近激光等离子体X光辐射产生的途径

讨论了利用激光等离子体产生水窗波段Ｘ光辐射的可能途径。靶材，即原子序数的选取是决定产生这一波段辐射的基本因素，利用激光等离子体的平衡态和非平衡态特性都可在水窗波段产生亮度Ｘ光辐射，提出利用黑体辐射来实现水窗波段Ｘ光显微成像研究的方案。     

Broadband frequency conversion of laser radiation in ZnGeP2 crystal

The phase matching conditions in the ZnGeP₂ crystal are calculated and analyzed from the viewpoint of broadband frequency conversion of mid-IR radiation. The frequency conversion of Cr:ZnS laser radiation in the ZnGeP₂ crystal is calculated. The results show the possibility of developing a broadband laser source whose spectrum spans a wavelength range of 3.2–9.5 µm.     

A laser system for the spectroscopy of highly charged bismuth ions

We present and characterize a laser system for the spectroscopy on highly charged ²⁰⁹Bi⁸²⁺ ions at a wavelength of 243.87?nm. For absolute frequency stabilization, the laser system is locked to a near-infra-red laser stabilized to a rubidium transition line using a transfer cavity based locking scheme. Tuning of the output frequency with high precision is achieved via a tunable rf offset lock. A?sample-and-hold technique gives an extended tuning range of several THz in the UV. This scheme is universally applicable to the stabilization of laser systems at wavelengths not directly accessible to atomic or molecular resonances. We determine the frequency accuracy of the laser system using Doppler-free absorption spectroscopy of Te₂ vapor at 488?nm. Scaled to the target wavelength of 244 nm, we achieve a frequency uncertainty of σ _{244 nm}=6.14?MHz (one standard deviation) over six days of operation.     

Widely phase-matched tunable difference-frequency generation in periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal

We report on the development of a laser source in the mid-infrared spectral region based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) in a periodically poled LiNbO₃ (PPLN) crystal. Continuously tunable coherent radiation from 2.75 to 4.78 μm was produced by optical parametric interaction between a diode-pumped monolithic continuous-wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.064 μm and a CW Ti:Sapphire laser tunable from 767 to 871 nm. Temperature-dependent quasi-phase-matched DFG wavelength acceptance bandwidth was studied and characterized. An empiric formula is given to estimate the phase-matched wavelength acceptance bandwidth as a function of the crystal temperature at Λ = 22.5 μm. A large frequency scan of 128 cm⁻¹ (about 78 cm⁻¹ above 1 μW) near 4.2 μm was achieved. The whole absorption spectrum of the P and R branches of the ν₃ band of atmospheric carbon dioxide has been recorded with a single phase-matched frequency scan.     

Detection of thermal emission from atmospheric gases by laser heterodyne radiometry

A gaseous component is considered as a self emitting source that can be detected and characterized remotely by its thermal emission spectrum. The required spectrum analyser should have an appropriately narrow bandwidth. For an atmospheric component, with isolated absorption lines, the linewidths are about 0.1 cm⁻¹ or 3 GHz under standard conditions. This leads to the need for a high resolution radiometer. A laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR) has been used to detect the emission of two components (C₂H₄ and NH₃) at 10 μm wavelength under atmospheric pressure.     

Photoluminescence of erbium in polycrystalline ceramics and in crystalline film of erbium oxide

Structural, optical, and electric properties of Er₂O₃ films obtained from Er₂O₃ ceramic target by the method of vacuum electron-beam deposition on sapphire substrates have been investigated. Optical characteristics of the films are studied in the range from UV up to IR using techniques of absorption, reflection, and emission spectroscopy; specific resistance of the obtained films was also measured. After excitation with the radiation of semiconductor diode laser at 980 nm, IR glow has been obtained at room temperature at the wavelength of approximately 1550 nm from Er³⁺ ions in polycrystalline ceramic target and in crystalline films. In addition, fluorescence was observed, in the visible range of spectrum, from ceramic target; this fluorescence corresponds to two-step mechanism of excitation with frequency up-conversion.     

A new way of measuring the contribution of scattered photons to x‐ray fluorescence yields in secondary excitation mode

The characteristic K x‐rays from a secondary exciter in conjunction with an x‐ray tube or a radioisotope as primary source are frequently used for target excitation in x‐ray fluorescence measurements. In this experimental arrangement, the exciting photon spectrum consists of two parts: (i) characteristic K x‐rays of the secondary exciter and (ii) photons from the primary source, which are scattered from the secondary exciter. A new method is proposed for correcting the observed target x‐ray yield due to unwanted excitation by the scattered photons. This method involves measurement of x‐ray yield after replacing the secondary exciter by an equivalent exciter consisting of a low‐Z element foil with a high‐Z element backing. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigations on laser plasma soft X-ray sources generated with low energy laser systems

Spectra of laser-induced plasmas at low laser energies and intensities (around 100 mJ and 10¹⁰ W cm^–2 respectively) have been recorded in the spectral range of 20 to 100 nm for different target materials, laser intensities at the target and laser wavelengths. For heavy target materials, a broadband spectrum with a spectral maximum typically around 30 nm is obtained. This broadband radiation source is well suited for photoionization processes and the generation of short wavelength inner-shell photoionization lasers. For the cadmium-photoionization laser, the influence of different soft X-ray spectra on the laser energy has been investigated. The potential of laser plasma soft X-ray sources for scientific and technical applications is briefly reviewed.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Herbert Welling on the occasion of his 60th birthday