利用分子识别包结结晶法选择性分离小茴香挥发油中的化学 组分

用GC－MS方法测定了小茴香挥发油的全组分,其中对-丙烯基茴香醚的含量为82.65%。采用包结结晶方法对小茴香挥发油中的对-丙烯基茴醚进行了选择性分离,以1,1,6,6-四苯基-2,4-已二炔-1,6-二醇(简称D.D)作为主体分子,小茴香挥发油中的对-丙烯基茴香醚作为客体分子,D.D选择性地与之形成超分子包结物晶体。采用IR,1^HNMR,单日XRD确定了包结物的形成及其主客体分子摩尔比为2:1。包结物晶体属于P1空间群,晶胞参数:a=1.2972(2)nm,b=1.5119(2)nm,c=1.6799(2)nm,α=100.57(1)°,β=104.89(1)°,γ=113.58(1)°,Z=2。利用Kugelrohr真空蒸馏技术从包结物晶体中蒸出被分离的化学组分,用IR,1^HNMR和MS方法,确定了反式对-丙烯基茴香醚。用GC方法测定了选择分离出的挥发油化学,GC分析结果表明,分离的反式对－丙烯基茴香醚的化学纯度为97%,回收率为75.28%。     

超声雾化在线提取气相色谱法测定孜然中挥发性成分

建立了在线超声雾化提取气相色谱法测定孜然中枯茗醇的方法.利用超声雾化提取法的优势,使样品中的挥发性化合物直接进入提取瓶的顶空气相,再由载气载带入气相色谱仪进行检测.将提取与检测有效地结合起来,减少了提取过程中挥发性成分的损失和基质干扰并简化了实验步骤.实验的最优条件为10 mL乙醇提取5 min; 管路温度80 ℃; 载气流速270 mL/min,静置1 min后进样10 s.测定了3种不同产地孜然中的枯茗醇, 其含量在13.3～17.7 mg/g之间,回收率为95.0%～115.5%.     

超声雾化-顶空单滴微萃取气相色谱质谱联用检测八角茴香中挥发油成分

八角茴香是木兰科植物常绿乔木八角(Illicium verum Hook.f.)干燥的果实,是常用的辛香调味料,其挥发性成分是其香味的来源.八角茴香的挥发性成分中含量最高的是反式茴香醚.     

利用分子识别包结结晶法选择性分离小茴香挥发油中的化学 组分

用GC－MS方法测定了小茴香挥发油的全组分,其中对-丙烯基茴香醚的含量为82.65%。采用包结结晶方法对小茴香挥发油中的对-丙烯基茴醚进行了选择性分离,以1,1,6,6-四苯基-2,4-已二炔-1,6-二醇(简称D.D)作为主体分子,小茴香挥发油中的对-丙烯基茴香醚作为客体分子,D.D选择性地与之形成超分子包结物晶体。采用IR,1^HNMR,单日XRD确定了包结物的形成及其主客体分子摩尔比为2:1。包结物晶体属于P1空间群,晶胞参数:a=1.2972(2)nm,b=1.5119(2)nm,c=1.6799(2)nm,α=100.57(1)°,β=104.89(1)°,γ=113.58(1)°,Z=2。利用Kugelrohr真空蒸馏技术从包结物晶体中蒸出被分离的化学组分,用IR,1^HNMR和MS方法,确定了反式对-丙烯基茴香醚。用GC方法测定了选择分离出的挥发油化学,GC分析结果表明,分离的反式对－丙烯基茴香醚的化学纯度为97%,回收率为75.28%。     

气相色谱—质谱联用测定八角茴香油中茴香醚的顺反异构体

长期以来,八角茴香油已为人们用作调味品,饮料的香料和药材的原料。据文献报道顺式茴香醚有较大的毒性,而我国广西、广东、云南一带盛产八角茴香果.经化工厂提制成八角茴香油,其中主成分茴香醚,是顺式还是反式,还是两者都有,对一个传统出口八角茴香油的国家,是有必要     

气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中抗氧化剂

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中丁基羟基茴香醚、二丁基羟基甲苯、特丁基对苯二酚3种抗氧化剂含量的方法。化妆品试样用甲醇溶解,涡旋振荡3min,超声提取10min,用气相色谱-质谱法测定。分别以质荷比(m/z)165,205,151作为定量离子。3种抗氧化剂回收率在73.8%～114.0%之间,测定下限(10S/N)分别为4,3,10mg·kg~(-1)。     

气相色谱-质谱联用检测塑料产品中溴化阻燃剂

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用测定塑料产品中多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚的方法.以甲苯为提取溶剂,超声提取电子电气产品中多溴联苯(PBBs)和多溴联苯醚 (PBDEs),采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测.SCAN和SIM同时扫描,采用质谱特征离子定量分析.结果表明: 9种多溴联苯(PBBs)和10种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的线性关系、检出限、回收率和精密度都较好,RSD均<5.0%,PBBs回收率在97%～111%之间;PBDEs回收率在82%～115%之间.本方法前处理简便,灵敏度高,定性、定量分析准确可靠,且分析时间短,适用于塑料产品中PBBs和PBDEs的测定.     

超声萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定海洋沉积物中39种多溴联苯醚残留

建立了超声萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定海洋沉积物中39种多溴联苯醚残留的分析方法.样品用V(正己烷):V(二氯甲烷) =1:1混合溶液提取,超声(控制水浴温度为25 ℃)提取60 min,采用硅胶和氧化铝净化,负化学离子源-气相色谱-质谱法进行检测,39种组分图谱在49 min 内能得到很好的分离. 39种混合样品的检出限为0.003～0.10 μg/kg; 加标回收率为66.2%～118.6%;相对标准偏差为0.8%～18.2%.用于实际样品分析,结果令人满意.     

在线热裂解/气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究八角茴香油的热裂解行为

采用在线热裂解/气相色谱-质谱(Py/GC-MS)联用技术分析研究了八角茴香油的主要成分和裂解产物,探讨了氦气氛围中八角茴香油在300,400,500,600,700,800℃下的热裂解行为。结果从八角茴香油中检测出13种组分,其中反式茴香脑占94.848%;从裂解产物中检测出28种物质;八角茴香油组分在低温下(300~500℃)大部分发生转移;高温下(600~800℃)裂解相对比较剧烈,生成一些香味物质及甲苯、乙苯等有害物质;反式茴香脑在500℃时具有最大的转移率。上述结果为八角茴香油在食品中的应用提供了参考。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定婴幼儿奶粉中37种脂肪酸和12种反式脂肪酸

称取5.0g婴幼儿奶粉样品,在乙醇2mL,水4mL和氨水20mL的介质中,于75℃的恒温水浴中振荡水解40min,每间隔5min振荡一次,水解完成后冷却至室温,并在水解混合物中加入乙醇10mL,混匀。用体积比为1∶1的乙醚-石油醚混合液30mL振荡提取10min,离心5min,收集醚层提取液,留存于烧瓶中;再用乙醚-石油醚按相同步骤重复提取2次。将所收集的醚层提取液合并旋转蒸发至干,所得残留物即为从样品提取所得脂肪总量。取此提取所得脂肪60.0mg,溶解于异辛烷4mL中,再加入2mol·L~(-1)氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液200μL,振荡30s,静置至澄清,使脂肪酸甲酯化。加入硫酸氢钠1g中和氢氧化钾,然后离心3min。取其上层溶液按仪器工作条件进行气相色谱-质谱分析。采用高极性HP-88毛细管色谱柱,进样量为1.0μL,从130～240℃按程序升温的条件进行分离,并引入质谱仪进行测定,质谱测定中用电子轰击(EI)离子源,和在m/z 45～450内全扫描模式进行定性和定量测定。试验中选择样品中含量较低的反式脂肪酸为分析物,并测定了相关的参数。所测定的12种反式脂肪酸甲酯分别在一定的质量浓度内与其相应的峰面积之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为0.42～1.45mg·L~(-1)。按标准加入法测得的回收率为75.5%～107%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.1%～8.5%之间。脂肪酸采用面积归一化法测定。按此方法分析了3种婴儿奶粉,其中饱和脂肪酸含量在50%以上,反式脂肪酸含量均小于0.5%,均符合国家标准规定。     

Ultrasonic Nebulization Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Volatile Components in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine

The ultrasonic nebulization extraction(UNE) was developed and applied to the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine Xiaoyao Pills. Several parameters of ultrasonic nebulization extraction including the sample particle size, solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic power were studied and selected. As a result, 2.4 g of sample with particle size of 80 mesh was extracted with 15 mL of n-hexane for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 35 W. The volatile components were anal...     

Ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with headspace single-drop microextraction of volatile and semivolatile compounds from the seed of Cuminum cyminum L

Ultrasonic nebulization extraction (UNE) coupled with headspace single-drop microextraction (HS-SDME) was developed. In the UNE process, the analytes were transferred from the aqueous phase to the gas phase. Then the analytes were transferred from the gas phase to the solvent phase by the carrier gas and extracted and enriched with suspended microdrop solvent. Finally, the microdrop solvent injected into GC-MS system. The parameters affecting extraction performance, such as type of suspended solvent, microdrop volume, flow rate of carrier gas, temperature of extraction vessel and extraction time were investigated and optimized. The proposed method can be applied for the extraction and enrichment of the volatile and semivolatile compounds simultaneously. The extraction efficiency of the proposed method was compared with that of ultrasonic extraction (UE) and UE-HS-SDME. Compared with UE-HS-SDME, the contents of constituents in the extract obtained by the proposed method were closer to those obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), which is a standard extraction method.     

Ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with headspace single drop microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of the essential oil in Cuminum cyminum L.

A novel method for analysis of essential oil in Cuminum cyminum L. using simultaneous ultrasonic nebulization extraction and headspace single drop microextraction (UNE-HS-SDME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed. Experimental parameters, including the kind of suspended solvent, microdrop volume, sample amount, extraction time, enrichment time and salt concentration were examined and optimized. Compared with hydrodistillation (HD), UNE-HS-SDME provides the advantages of a small amount of sample (50 mg), time-saving (20 min), simplicity, cheapness and low toxicity. In addition, UNE-HS-SDME also provided higher enrichment efficiency and sensitivity compared with stirring extraction (SE)-HS-SDME, ultrasonic assistant extraction (UAE) and UNE. Some constituents in the essential oil, were identified and the detection limits for β-pinene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene range from 6.67 pL L⁻¹ to 14.8 pL L⁻¹. The results indicated that the UNE-HS-SDME is simple and highly efficient extraction and enrichment technique.     

动态超声萃取分光光度法在线测定红花中的总红花黄色素

用动态超声萃取分光光度法在线测定了红花中的红花黄色素, 对萃取条件进行了优化. 萃取与测定同时进行, 大大缩短了样品的分析时间, 简化了分析过程. 通过与静态超声萃取、振荡萃取和索式萃取进行比较, 不仅证明该方法耗时最短, 而且样品用量小, 萃取产率较高. 实际样品分析得到了满意的结果.     

Determination of total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don by dynamic ultrasonic extraction coupled with on-line spectrophotometry

A dynamic ultrasonic extraction (DUE) coupled with on-line detection by spectrophotometry is proposed for the determination of total flavonoids (calculated against scutellarin) in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. The extraction was performed in a common self-made extraction vessel put in an ultrasonic bath and a peristaltic pump was used to deliver the extraction solvent. Several experimental parameters of DUE, including flow rate and concentration of extraction solvent, ultrasonic power and sample amount, were optimized. In this work an on-line method was provided with the advantages of minimum sample amount (5 mg), on-line monitoring the extraction process and time saving (12.5 min). Compared with off-line method, the proposed method would be more convenient for obtaining continuous measurements and rapid optimization of the extraction process.     

Ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with headspace hollow fiber microextraction of pesticides from root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey

The ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with headspace hollow fiber microextraction (UNE-HS-HFME) was applied for the extraction of pesticides from root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. Experimental parameters, which affect the performances of ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with headspace hollow fiber microextraction, such as the kind of acceptor solvent in the pore of the fiber wall, the sample amount, extraction time, salt concentration in extraction solvent, pH of the acceptor solution, the elution time, and times were studied and optimized. The analytes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The detection limits for simeton, monolinuron, chlortoluron, karmex, and prebane are 20.9, 18.4, 18.2, 12.4, and 22.2 μg/kg, respectively. Besides volatile and semi-volatile compounds, the non-volatile compounds also can be determined by the proposed method. The extraction and enrichment process can be performed simultaneously.     

紫草中活性成分的非极性溶剂动态微波提取及高效液相色谱法测定

用非极性溶剂动态微波辅助提取,高效液相色谱法测定紫草中的紫草素和β,β′-二甲基丙烯酰紫草素.考察了微波吸收介质类型、提取溶剂种类、提取溶剂流速、微波功率和样品粒度对提取产率的影响,优化提取参数.在优化条件下,将所建立的方法与超声提取和索氏提取相比,所得紫草素和β,β′-二甲基丙烯酰紫草素的产率相差不大,但本文所建立的方法所需提取时间短(5min)、溶剂消耗少(10mL).与极性溶剂动态微波辅助提取相比,提取产率大幅度提高.结果说明,所建立的方法是一种有效的提取中草药中一些活性成分的方法,特别是对于一些在非极性溶剂中有更高溶解度的化合物,此方法更具优势.     

GC-MS法测定ABS木塑材料中十溴二苯醚

建立了索氏提取和超声萃取-GC-MS法测定丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)木塑材料中十溴二苯醚的分析方法。通过正交试验分析提取溶剂、样品质量和提取时间三个因素的显著性,并优化了参数。在优化条件下,索氏提取和超声萃取法的平均回收率均大于80%,精密度均小于10%。经F检验和T检验显著性统计,两种前处理方法的精密度和准确度不存在差异。相对于传统的索氏提取法,超声萃取法具有操作简单、溶剂用量少和省时的特点,可以较好的应用于木塑材料中十溴二苯醚检测。     

Study on ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction of biphenyl cyclooctene lignans from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill

The ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) has been successfully applied in extracting four biphenyl cyclooctene lignans from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Seventeen different types of ionic liquids with different cations and anions have been investigated. 0.8 M 1-lauryl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C12mim]Br) solution was selected as solvent. In addition, the ultrasonic parameters including ultrasonic power, time for ultrasonic treatment and solid–liquid ratio have been optimized by Response Surface Method (RSM). Compared with the conventional solvent extraction, the efficiency of the approach proposed in this work is about 3.5 times as much as that of the conventional solvent extraction method. With the proposed extraction method, the extraction time has been reduced to 30 min, whereas the conventional extraction method requires about 6.0 h. The experimental results presented in this work indicate that the ILUAE is a simple and efficient technique for sample preparation. The proposed method is reproducible.     

Optimized ultrasound‐assisted extraction procedure for the analysis of opium alkaloids in papaver plants by cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis

This study investigated the use of ultrasound‐assisted extraction to improve the extraction efficiency of morphine, codeine and thebaine from the papaver plants. Extraction conditions such as type of solvent, temperature, duration, frequency and power level of ultrasonic were optimized and the influences of different parameters on resolution of alkaloids in CE were studied. The optimized condition for CE separation includes a sodium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 3.0) containing 5 mM α‐CD. The optimized extraction conditions for ultrasound‐assisted extraction was an extraction time of 1 h, an ultrasonic frequency of 60 kHz with water–methanol (80:20) at 40°C as the extraction solvent. The LOD for alkaloids was found to be 0.1 μg/mL at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3:1. The RSDs for peak areas were in the range of 1.4–4.4%. The amounts of opium alkaloids (mg/100 g dried sample) in four Iranian papaver plants were found to be in the range of 7.8–8.7 (morphine), 5.5–9.5 (codeine) and 1.4–10.4 (thebaine). It should be emphasized that no cleanup of the filtered extract was required; hence, direct determination after extraction drastically simplifies the analytical process.