萃取—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯氧化镧和氧化钇中痕量铝

1 引言 测定稀土氧化物中微量铝,多采用分光光度法、X-射线荧光光谱法、发射光谱法等。石墨炉原子吸收光谱法具有灵敏度高、选择性好等优点,可应用于高纯稀土氧化物中痕量铝的测定。 2 实验部分 2.1 仪器及主要操作条件 美国P-E2380型原子吸收光谱仪;HGA-400型石墨炉;56型记录仪;热解石墨管;铝空心阴极灯。灯电流20mA,氘灯背景校正器,测定波长为309.3nm;狭缝宽度0.7nm;载气为氩气,原子化时采用最大功率加热和停止内部气体流量。石墨炉操作条件为灰化温度1500℃,原子化温度2600℃。 2.2 主要试剂 铝的标准溶液用0.1g金属铝(99.99％)溶于硝酸配制成1mg/ml铝;PH5.5的缓冲溶液:1     

直读光谱法测定中低合金钢中氮的含量北大核心CSCD

中低合金钢中的氮是一种有害元素,高氮会导致钢韧性下降[1].冶炼品种钢需要添加钒氮合金,目前氧氮分析仪测定单个样品需要12 min,不能满足在线检验的及时性要求,而直读光谱仪6 min内便可同时测定含氮在内的十几种元素.目前实验室使用的直读光谱仪具备氮的分析通道,能够满足工序快速检验的要求,但低合金钢中氮含量属于mg·kg^(-1)级,外界条件对低合金钢中氮的测定结果影响较大[2],本工作对制样方式、火花台冷却方式、氩气纯度和压力等因素进行探讨,提出了直读光谱法测定中低合金钢中氮含量的方法,并应用到实际生产过程中.     

光电直读光谱法测定埋弧焊丝化学成分

埋弧自动焊广泛应用于各类钢结构的制造,具有焊接质量好、效率高等优点。埋弧焊丝的化学成分分析通常采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)或化学法进行分析,这两种方法存在分析速度慢、时效性差、污染环境等缺点。而用光电直读光谱法分析埋弧焊丝,其截面不能完全盖住光谱仪火花台上的极板孔,导致空气对氩气管道造成一     

直读光谱法测定海洋结构用钢中的锆

采用直读光谱法,针对海洋结构用钢中的锆元素进行分析。实验利用标准物质,通过条件实验,建立海洋结构用钢中锆的工作曲线,确定海洋结构用钢中残余元素锆的分析方法。通过标准样品的结果验证以及待测试样的光谱分析方法与化学分析方法实验结果的比较,证明方法完全可以满足生产及新产品开发的要求,同时也拓宽了直读光谱仪的分析范围。     

直读光谱法测定实芯焊丝的操作技巧

石油化工压力容器制造过程中使用大量的合金焊接金属材料,其中实芯焊丝占70%以上,直径为1~5mm的焊丝占95%。焊接金属材料实芯焊丝长期用化学湿法分析进行测试,很难满足现代生产对分析效率的要求。直读光谱法测试速度快、准确度较高,能满足快速分析的生产要求。直读光谱法对所测样品有一定的要求[1-2],样品尺寸表面为25mm×25mm,厚度大于5mm,最小表面直径为16mm,高度在5~25mm之间。工厂压力容器制     

超级微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定香菇中的镉

为建立一种快速批量检测香菇中镉的方法,建立了超级微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定香菇中镉含量的方法。分别采用湿法消解、普通微波消解和超级微波、传统微波和湿法消解技术前处理香菇标准物质样品,对比消解效果,优化超级微波消解技术的酸体系和消解最终温度。;采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪法测定,优化基体改进剂、灰化温度等工作参数,确定仪器最佳检测条件,验证分析方法的准确性和稳定性。结果表明,超级微波消解优于湿法消解和传统微波消解技术,准确性和重复性最佳,大幅减少用酸量的同时更加安全、高效,避免样品污染。在最优分析方法条件下,镉在0~4.0 μg/L范围内所得回归方程线性关系良好,相关系数(R)为0.9994,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度RSD为1.4%~2.5%。超级微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测的探索与应用超级微波消解优于湿法消解和传统微波消解技术,大幅减少用酸量的同时更加安全、高效,避免样品污染,为农产品镉含量批量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。     

微波等离子体发射光谱法测定固体样品中痕量汞

汞及其化合物具有毒性,为防止其污染环境,危害人体健康,近年来人们对未污染地区的本底,生物和食物等样品中汞的监测问题十分关注.通常在这些样品中汞的含量在ppb级.因此研究干扰少、灵敏度高的测汞法越来越引起环境分析工作者的重视.目前,测定汞的方法有双硫腙比色法、火焰原子吸收法、冷原子吸收法、石墨炉原子吸收法、微波等离子体发射光谱法(MIP)、高频等离体发:射光谱法(IOP)、原子荧光法、X荧光法、电化学法及中子活化法等.这些方法中,~(?)MIP法较为灵敏,可测定ppb级以下的汞(最低检出限为0.001ng),其设备简单,易于普及,但目前国内尚未见报道. 本文介绍常压微波氩气等离子体发射光谱系统;研究了该系统中各参数对汞测定的影响,找出了测定汞最佳参数条件;同时采用直接加热固体样品而挥发分离汞的技术,探讨了在加或不加柠檬酸情况下,标准样中汞的挥发与温度关系.最后测定了湘江底泥、高井电厂煤飞灰和上述标准样中汞的含量.     

电弧直读光谱仪的开发与应用

介绍一种国内首创的电弧直读光谱仪。该仪器由交/直流电弧激发光源、凹面光栅分光系统、光电倍增管接收器及智能测控系统所组成。研制成功地质样品专用的"交流电弧直读光谱仪"和高纯金属专用的"直流电弧直读光谱仪"可取代1m或2m光栅摄谱仪,省去了光谱相板、洗相及译谱等繁琐的操作程序。在优化的分析条件下,可直接对粉末状地球化学样品及高纯金属氧化物中的多种微量元素同时进行直读光谱测定,具有灵敏、准确、快速的特点,各项技术指标符合所属领域的"国家标准"及"行业规范"的要求。现已有多家使用单位采用"交流电弧直读光谱仪"分析了十几万件地球化学样品中的银、锡和硼等元素,取得了良好的应用效果。     

高速光源在纯铝光电直读光谱分析中的应用

本文介绍在光电直读光谱测定纯铝中铁、硅、铜时,应用HFI—1型高压火花脉冲发生器,提高分析精密度和速度。激发与记录光谱的条件使用带WGD-731型光电直读装置的(?)-30型石英光谱仪,三透镜照明系统。入射和出射狭缝均为30微米;极距2.5毫米;水平电极架;φ7毫米铝棒试样,车成平面,双样品对极;预然3秒;自动曝光法控制曝光时间(电平5,约7秒);光源HFI-1型高压火花脉冲发生器。参数选择采用多因素正交试验法选择最佳条件     

交流电弧直读光谱法快速测定地球化学样品中的银、锡、硼、钼、铅

采用国内首创的交流电弧直读光谱仪,以交流电弧为激发光源、凹面光栅分光、光电倍增管接收、智能测控系统快速数据采集及处理,可取代传统1米或2米光栅摄谱仪的相板记录方式及洗相、译谱等繁琐的操作程序。在优化的实验条件下,对粉末状地球化学样品中的银、锡、硼、钼、铅,进行交流电弧直读光谱法测定,检出限分别为0.012,0.24,1.65,0.20,1.30μg/g,精密度和准确度均可满足行业规范的要求,其测定值与ICP-MS和ICP-AES的分析结果相符。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。