几种方法制备的H3PW12O40/SiO2催化剂的结构和催化性能

 针对H3PW12O40(HPW)的比表面积小和不易回收利用等缺点,分别采用浸渍法、溶胶-凝胶法和以离子液体为模板剂的溶胶-凝胶法制备了HPW/SiO2催化剂,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、 X射线衍射、 N2物理吸附和吸附氨的程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂样品进行了表征,并考察了其对苯硝化反应的催化性能. 结果表明,所制备的催化剂样品都保持了HPW原有的Keggin结构. 浸渍法制备的催化剂的比表面积(475.2 m2/g)较小,使用4次后硝基苯的收率由82.4%下降到70.7%; 溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂的比表面积(498.6 m2/g)居中,使用4次后硝基苯的收率由85.1%下降到79.6%; 以［emim］BF4离子液体为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂含有介孔结构,比表面积(558.5 m2/g)最高,使用4次后硝基苯的收率由84.7%下降到79.9%. 不同方法制备的HPW/SiO2催化剂具有较高的催化苯硝化反应活性和较好的稳定性.     

共浸渍制备高效的Ru/AC氨合成催化剂

通过钌的络合物前驱体和硝酸钡的共浸渍制备的Ru Ba K/AC催化剂氨合成转化效率高,其氨合成转化频率在0.87～1.30 s-1之间,与氯化钌制备的Ru/AC催化剂相比,其转化频率提高幅度在26%～88%。共浸渍法制备的催化剂氨合成转化效率高,其主要原因可能是共浸渍法制备的催化剂钌粒子粒径分布区间较窄,易形成更多的活性位;钌表面氢的吸附受到抑制,氮更易活化,因而催化效率更高。     

镧促进Ru/Sep氨合成催化反应研究

以乙醇为溶剂,以海泡石(Sep)为载体,用浸渍法制备了镧为促进剂的新型钌基氨合成催化剂,并对催化反应工艺条件进行了考察。结果表明,镧是海泡石负载钌基催化剂的有效促进剂。当钌负载量为5%(质量分数),La/Ru摩尔比为1.5,在10MPa450℃20000h-1条件下,氨合成反应速率为38.5μmmol·g-1·h-1)。     

纳米γ-Fe2O3载体的制备及Ru-K/Fe2O3催化剂的氨合成催化活性评价

 在室温条件下,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了新的纳米氧化铁载体. X射线衍射、差热-热重分析、扫描电子显微镜和N2物理吸附等测试结果表明,制得的Fe2O3粉体具有典型的介孔结构,孔径范围18.8～25.0 nm, 晶相组分由原料配比和制备条件决定. 进一步通过浸渍法制备了高活性的Ru-K/Fe2O3氨合成催化剂. 在475 ℃, 10 MPa, 10000 h-1和V(H2)/V(N2)=3的条件下,考察了负载型Ru-K/Fe2O3催化剂的活性. 结果表明,载体中γ-Fe2O3的含量越高,其氨合成活性越好.     

多孔二氧化硅负载硅钨酸催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以硅酸钠为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,采用溶胶–凝胶法合成了负载型硅钨酸/二氧化硅(STA/SiO2)催化剂,并采用红外光谱、氮吸附-脱附、热重对其结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的硅钨酸/二氧化硅同时具有微孔和介孔结构,且硅钨酸负载后热稳定性有所提高。以柠檬酸三丁酯的合成作为探针反应,考察了制备催化剂时溶液pH值、硅钨酸负载量对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明在pH为9,硅钨酸负载量为50%时,制备的硅钨酸/二氧化硅具有较好的催化活性和重复使用性,该催化剂初次使用时,柠檬酸的转化率在300min可达到89.09%,重复使用6次,柠檬酸的转化率在300min仍可达到86.86%。通过对反应动力学进行研究,发现柠檬酸三丁酯的合成反应为一级反应。     

沉淀方式对氧化还原共沉淀制备Ru/CeO2氨合成催化剂结构与性能的影响

采用氧化还原共沉淀法制备了Ru/CeO2氨合成催化剂,并运用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、CO吸附和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等技术对其进行了表征,考察了沉淀时反应液的并流、反加、正加对所制备的Ru/CeO2催化剂氨合成性能的影响.结果表明,不同沉淀方式所得到的催化剂,催化剂的表面织构和金属钌的分散度都存在明显的差别,最终影响了催化剂的氨合成活性,其中采用反加法制备的催化剂上钌的分散度(45.6%)和还原性最好,比表面积最大(120 m2/g),因而催化活性最高,在10 MPa,10000 h?1,425℃反应时,出口NH3浓度达到12.6%.     

超细CuO/ZnO/TiO2-SiO2的表征和CO2加氢合成甲醇性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了铜、锌质量分数不同的超细Cu/ZnO/TiO2-SiO2催化剂。通过BET、TPR、XRD及FT-IR等方法对催化剂前驱体CuO/ZnO/TiO2-SiO2的物化性能进行表征。用固定床连续流动微反装置，考察催化剂CO2加氢合成甲醇的催化性能。研究结果表明，溶胶-凝胶法制备的CuO/ZnO/TiO2-SiO2催化剂比表面较大（240 m2/g～590 m2/g），孔径分布单一，晶相组成为CuO。随着铜、锌质量分数的增大，催化剂的比表面积减小，最可几孔径增大; CuO微晶结晶度增大,同时微晶尺寸逐渐增大至20 nm。催化剂具有较高的反应活性和选择性，当氧化铜、氧化锌质量分数各为25%时，在260 ℃，2 500 h－1，CO2∶H2=1∶3（mol比），2.0 MPa的反应条件下，甲醇时空收率为0.126g/(h·g)。     

柠檬酸络合法制备Ba促进ZrO_2负载Ru催化剂上氨合成反应性能

采用柠檬酸络合法制备了一系列不同含量Ba掺杂的ZrO2,再用浸渍法制备了K-Ru/Ba-ZrO2催化剂并将其用于氨合成反应.采用X射线衍射和CO2程序升温脱附技术考察了Ba含量对催化剂结构与性能的影响.结果表明,Ba掺入ZrO2后形成的BaZrO3有助于其负载的Ru催化剂氨合成活性的显著提高.在5.0MPa,10000h–1,425oC时,Ru/Ba-ZrO2(Ba:Zr摩尔比为1:1)催化剂活性最高,出口氨浓度和反应速率分别达9.24%和29.77mmol/(g·h).这主要归因于载体的强电子传导性能和碱性提高.     

载体孔结构对丁炔二醇二段加氢Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂加氢性能的影响

以三种不同孔结构的γ-Al2O3为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂,经低温氮气吸附、TPR、H2-TPD、XRD、TEM等物性结构表征及丁炔二醇催化合成1,4-丁二醇二段加氢性能评价结果表明,比表面积293m2·g-1、最可几孔径9.4 nm的γ-Al2O3制备的Ni/γ-Al2O3,具有较高的分散度和较多的活性结构中心以及适宜的孔径分布(小于4 nm孔体积分数为12.34%、4～18 nm孔体积分数为64.42%、大于18 nm孔体积分数达23.24%),对丁炔二醇二段加氢表现出较高的加氢活性和稳定性.     

钌基氨合成催化剂的制备方法

与铁催化剂相比较,钌基氨合成催化剂具有低温、低压、高活性的特点。对于不同的载体、制备方法和制备条件对催化剂性能影响较大。本文从载体的前处理、活性组分钌和助剂的加入方式等方面简要阐述了钌基氨合成催化剂制备方法的研究进展,介绍了熔融法、升华法、离子交换法、超声法、沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、浸渍法、微波辅助法等钌基氨合成催化剂制备方法,指出了一些制备方法的不足之处,并展望了钌基氨合成催化剂制备方法的研究方向。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.