尿酸在聚L-苯丙氨酸修饰电极上的伏安测定

采用循环伏安法制备了聚L-苯丙氨酸薄膜修饰玻碳电极,研究了尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,循环伏安法测定了尿酸. 研究发现,在pH=5.6的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,尿酸在聚L-苯丙氨酸修饰电极上于0.43 V处产生1灵敏的氧化峰;循环伏安法测定其氧化峰电流与尿酸的浓度在2.0×10-6～3.0×10-4 mol/L呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1×10-6 mol/L. 对1.0×10-5 mol/L尿酸平行测定5次,相对标准偏差为3.0%. 该聚合物修饰电极制作简单,重现性好,可用于尿液中尿酸的测定,结果令人满意.     

银掺杂聚L-天冬氨酸修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺的测定

利用循环伏安法将银与L-天冬氨酸聚合修饰在玻碳电极表面,制成银掺杂聚L-天冬氨酸修饰电极,研究了多巴胺在此电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定多巴胺的新方法.在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS, pH 7.0)中,扫描速率为50 mV/s时,多巴胺在修饰电极上产生一对氧化还原峰,Epa=0.191 V,Epc=0.161 V.用循环伏安法进行测定时,峰电流与多巴胺浓度分别在3.0×10-7 ～1.0×10-5 mol/L和1.0×10-5 ～5.0×10-4 mol/L内呈良好的线性关系; 检出限为5.0×10-8 mol/L.用于药物和尿样中多巴胺的测定,结果满意.     

尿酸在生物分子修饰电极上的伏安测定

采用循环伏安法制备了聚L-苯丙氨酸薄膜修饰玻碳电极,研究了尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定尿酸的新方法。研究发现：在pH 5.6的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,尿酸在聚L-苯丙氨酸修饰电极上于0.43V处产生一灵敏的氧化峰,应用循环伏安法测定其氧化峰电流与尿酸的浓度在2.0×10-6～3.0×10-4 mol/L呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1×10-6 mol/L。对1.0×10-5 mol/L尿酸平行测定5次,相对标准偏差为3.0％。该生物分子电极制作简单,重现性好,可用于尿液中尿酸的测定,结果令人满意     

黄嘌呤和尿酸在修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定研究

用循环伏安法制备了银掺杂聚L-赖氨酸修饰玻碳电极,并对修饰电极表面进行了表征,研究了黄嘌呤和尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法同时测定黄嘌呤和尿酸的新方法。研究表明,修饰电极对尿酸和黄嘌呤的氧化具有较好的电催化活性,在pH 3.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,黄嘌呤和尿酸在银掺杂聚L-赖氨酸修饰电极上的氧化峰电位分别为0.980和0.600 V,两者的峰电位差达0.380 V。在最优实验条件下,用差分脉冲伏安法同时测定黄嘌呤和尿酸的线性范围为1.0×10-6~2.5×10-4mol/L,检出限为5.0×10-7mol/L。用于人尿样中黄嘌呤和尿酸的测定,获得满意结果。     

聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极测定尿酸

利用循环伏安法制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极, 研究了尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为. 结果表明, 该电极对尿酸有较强的电催化作用, 并对抗坏血酸有较强的抗干扰能力. 在pH 5.6的乙酸盐缓冲溶液中, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法在该电极上测定了尿酸, 其线性范围分别为1.0×10-5～2.0×10-4 mol/L和4.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限分别为6.0×10-6 mol/L和1.0×10-7 mol/L. 已用于尿液中尿酸的测定.     

聚L-酪氨酸修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺的测定

用循环伏安法制备了聚L 酪氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺在聚L 酪氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定痕量多巴胺的新方法。多巴胺在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,在聚L 酪氨酸修饰玻碳电极上产生一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epa=189mV,Epc=131mV。循环伏安法测定多巴胺的线性范围为1.0×10-3～1.0×10-8mol/L,检出限:1.0×10-9mol/L。方法可用于药剂中多巴胺的测定。     

聚对氨基酚修饰电极的制备及其对尿酸的催化氧化作用

采用循环伏安法制备了聚对氨基酚薄膜修饰玻碳电极, 研究了尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为, 建立了循环伏安法测定尿酸的新方法. 研究发现: 在pH 5.6的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中, 以0.1 mol/L KCl作支持电解质, 聚对氨基酚修饰电极对尿酸存在灵敏的氧化作用, 应用循环伏安法对尿酸进行定量分析, 线性范围为1.0×10-6～4.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限为8×10-7 mol/L. 对2.0×10-5 mol/L尿酸平行测定5次, 相对标准偏差为4.0%.     

银掺杂聚L-天冬氨酸修饰电极的制备及对肾上腺素的测定

利用循环伏安法,研究了银和L-天冬氨酸在玻碳电极表面电化学聚合的条件,制备了银掺杂聚L-天冬氨酸修饰电极。研究了肾上腺素在修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定肾上腺素的新方法。在pH=3.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为50mV/s时,肾上腺素在修饰电极上产生一对明显的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epa=0.447V,Epc=0.387V。用循环伏安法测定时,氧化峰电流与肾上腺素浓度分别在8.00×10-8～1.00×10-5mol/L和1.00×10-5～1.00×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.0×10-9mol/L。     

聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

利用循环伏安法制备了聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极, 研究了对乙酰氨基酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为. 该电极对对乙酰氨基酚有较强的电催化作用. 在pH 9.0的PBS缓冲溶液中, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法在该电极上测定了对乙酰氨基酚, 其线性范围分别为4.0×10-6～3.0×10-4 mol/L和2.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限分别为9.0×10-7 mol/L和8.0×10-8 mol/L.     

聚L-赖氨酸修饰电极循环伏安法测定药剂中的多巴胺

用循环伏安法制备了聚L-赖氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究多巴胺在聚L-赖氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定多巴胺的新方法。实验结果表明,在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为150mV/s,循环扫描电位在-0.3~0.6V时,多巴胺在聚L-赖氨酸修饰玻碳电极上出现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epa=0.175V,Epc=0.146V(相对饱和甘汞电极);测定多巴胺的线性范围为1.0×10-3~1.0×10-5mol/L和1.0×10-5~8.0×10-9mol/L,方法检出限1.0×10-9mol/L。用于药剂中多巴胺的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。