变价元素铋掺杂钨酸铅晶体辐照损伤的研究

采用剂量为4Mrad的γ射线辐照Bridgman法生长的未掺杂和掺铋钨酸铅晶体,研究了辐照前后晶体的透射光谱、X射线激发发射光谱(XSL)的变化.利用正电子湮没寿命谱(PAT)和X光电子能谱(XPS)的实验手段,对钨酸铅晶体辐照前后的微观缺陷进行了研究,并对其抗辐照损伤性能及微观机理进行了初步探讨.研究表明,铋掺杂使得晶体中的正电子捕获中心和低价氧浓度下降;辐照后,未掺杂晶体中正电子捕获中心浓度下降,低价氧浓度上升,掺铋晶体则出现了与之完全相反的情况,正电子捕获中心浓度上升,低价氧浓度下降.提出掺铋钨酸铅晶体中铋的掺杂辐照前主要以Bi³⁺占据VPb的形式存在,辐照使变价元素铋发生Bi³⁺→Bi⁵⁺的变价行为,Bi⁵⁺可以替代W⁶⁺格位并使得晶体内部分(WO₄)^2－根团形成(BiO₃+V_o)^－.     

钨酸铅晶体的辐照损伤研究

报道对钨酸铅晶体作低剂量辐照损伤研究的实验装置、方法、和结果.利用北京计量科学研究院的小型⁶⁰Co放射源对4块钨酸铅晶体作了辐照损伤的实验,发现光产额随辐照剂量的增加呈现指数衰减,最后趋于饱和.     

晶体光输出非均匀性的测量和研究

利用²²Na放射源和符合测量方法实现了对钨酸铅晶体的光输出纵向非均匀性的精细测量.研究了改变晶体表面粗糙度对光输出非均匀性的影响.     

一种精确确定闪烁晶体光产额的方法

针对钨酸铅晶体(PbWO₄)在¹³⁷Cs源作用下所得的脉冲幅度谱,并结合蒙特卡罗模拟,提出了一种获得光产额较低的闪烁晶体光产额的新的拟合方法. 此方法亦适用于其它晶体.     

PbWO4闪烁晶体的辐照损伤机理研究

完成了640—1040℃温度范围内钨酸铅［PbWO₄(PWO)］晶体的退火实验,观察到较低温退火时晶体中本征色心吸收带(350nm)先是增加,其后随退火温度的升高而逐渐降低直至消除的全过程．分析了PWO晶体的本征缺陷和电荷补偿机制．讨论了退火过程中氧进入晶体后色心的产生和转化规律,并提出可能发生Pb³⁺→Pb⁴⁺的进一步氧化过程,从而导致Pb³⁺空穴中心的湮没．测量并比较了不同退火温度处理后PWO晶体的紫外辐照诱导色心     

新型MSM结构砷化镓半导体探测器的性能

研究一种新型双金属接触GaAs半导体探测器的性能,测量了²⁴¹Am 5.48MeVα粒子、⁵⁷Co 122keV的光子和⁹⁰Sr 2.27MeVβ粒子的最小电离粒子谱,比较了一个3×3mm²的GaAs芯片在经过¹³⁷Cs 662keV光子约1300rad辐照前后的电荷收集效率和能量分辨率.测量结果显示这种新型金属─半导体─金属(MSM)结构的半导体探测器不仅在室温下对各种粒子具有良好的探测能力,而且具有很好的抗辐照性能.     

钨酸铅晶体的性能测试

通过实验给出了不同生长条件下的钨酸铅(PbWO₄或PWO)晶体的多项性能指标,包括激发发射谱、透射谱、荧光衰减时间、光产额、辐照损伤等实验结果,并对结果进行了讨论.     

国产高Z闪烁晶体的辐照损伤研究

在总强度为10⁵Ci^的60Co γ射线辐照装置上开展了国产高Z闪烁晶体的辐照损伤研究.在5×10³—7.5×10⁵rad剂量范围内测量了小尺寸BGO晶体样品的辐照损伤效应,观察到损伤随剂量增加逐渐趋于饱和的现象;辐照损伤的自然恢复过程可用三组时间常数表征的指数函数描述.在5×10⁵rad剂量下,考察了BaF₂,CsI(Tl)以及ZnWO₄晶体小尺寸样品的辐照损伤效应.发现了BaF₂的严重损伤情况,初步分析原因可能是晶体中某些微量杂质的存在.     

国产CsI(TI)晶体辐照损伤实验研究

研究了CsI(Tl)晶体在1.3GeV e^－束形成的电磁辐射场和⁶⁰Co γ辐射场照射后的辐照损伤,测量了晶体光输出和透射率的变化,以及辐射损伤的自然恢复和加热恢复效应.     

MSM结构GaAs探测器的抗辐照性能

研究一种双金属接触的GaAs半导体探测器在14MeV中子辐照下的性能.测量了探测器经过10¹²n/cm²中子辐照剂量后的反向漏电流、电荷收集效率和最小电离粒子能谱,并且与⁶⁰Co 1.25MeV光子辐照的测量结果相比较.对中子辐照引起探测器时间性能变化和辐照损伤机制进行了探讨.并根据实验结果提出了这种双金属接触GaAs探测器灵敏层分布的一种假设,理论计算和实验数据相符合.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.