丁烯氟虫腈缓释微胶囊的制备及其性能

以丁烯氟虫腈为囊芯化合物,带有相反电性的壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为囊壁材料,采用层层自组装技术制备了丁烯氟虫腈微胶囊,通过流点法筛选出十二烷基苯磺酸钠为丁烯氟虫腈的分散稳定剂。 对制备的微胶囊进行了表征,系统研究了丁烯氟虫腈微胶囊的载药量、包封率、缓释性能和抗光解性能随着组装层数增加的变化规律。 结果表明,组装层数为6~8层的丁烯氟虫腈微胶囊的包封率达到80%以上,达最高释放量所需要的时间为60 h,光解率降到20%以下,综合效果最好。     

多重吸附同步净化-气相色谱-质谱法测定干性样品中丁烯氟虫腈的残留量

建立了干性样品中丁烯氟虫腈残留量的多重吸附同步净化(MASP)-气相色谱-质谱检测方法。前处理以1%乙酸-乙腈提取样品,应用MASP法对样品同时进行提取、盐析和净化,并利用气相色谱-质谱仪在选择离子扫描(SIM)模式下进行检测,以基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明:丁烯氟虫腈在2~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)不小于0.999;在2~10 μg/kg添加水平范围内,丁烯氟虫腈的平均回收率为92.2%~97.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为2.69%~5.21%;方法检出限(S/N=3)为2 μg/kg;定量限(S/N=10)为6 μg/kg。本方法操作简便、快速、准确,可用于干性样品中丁烯氟虫腈的日常检测。同时,对丁烯氟虫腈的裂解机理进行了探讨。     

固相萃取/液质联用测定竹笋中丁烯氟虫腈农药残留研究

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定竹笋中丁烯氟虫腈残留的分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经PSA固相萃取小柱净化后,采用Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm×5μm),以含5mmol/L乙酸铵的0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源负离子模式多反应监测(MRM)模式定性分析,以氟虫腈为内标物质内标法消除基质效应定量测定丁烯氟虫腈。该方法在5.0～100.0μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.994 8;4、8、32μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为76%～103%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为3.2%～9.9%;方法的检出限(信噪比S/N=3)和定量下限(S/N=10)分别为0.21μg/kg和0.69μg/kg。该方法较气相色谱法和气相色谱质谱联用法具有更高的准确性和灵敏度,且更加简单快速,可满足竹笋中丁烯氟虫腈农药残留的检测要求。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定鲜蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立鲜蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜残留量的气相色谱–质谱检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,用QuECHERS萃取包和氨基固相萃取柱净化,外标法定量。氟虫腈、氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜的质量浓度在0.01～0.20μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均在0.999以上,方法检出限为0.002 mg/kg。样品的加标回收率为90.8%～104.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6)。该方法具有较好的灵敏度、准确性和重复性,适用于鲜蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜残留量的测定。     

气相色谱-质谱联用对菠菜中丁烯氟虫腈残留的检测

建立了固相萃取(SPE)/气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定菠菜中丁烯氟虫腈残留量的分析方法.利用乙腈提取,提取液依次过无水硫酸钠、氯化钠和PSA固相萃取柱后采用GC-MS进行检测,选择定量离子m/z 403,选择定性离子m/z 421、55、213、371.6次重复测定峰面积的相对标准偏差小于10%;定量下限为0.05 mg/kg,检出限为0.01 mg/kg,在0.05 ～100 mg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,为丁烯氟虫腈的检测和判断提供了方法.     

分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽肝脏中氟虫腈及其代谢物

欧洲鸡蛋污染事件爆发后,氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈亚砜残留受到人们较多关注.该研究通过优化前处理方法和色谱条件,建立了畜禽肝脏中氟虫腈及其代谢物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定分析方法.样品经10 mL乙腈提取,150 mg PSA、100 mg C18填料净化后,将提取液直接进样分析,以乙腈和水为流动相进行...     

改进QuChERS-气质联用法测定蔬菜中氟虫腈和丁烯氟虫腈残留量

建立了蔬菜中氟虫腈和丁烯氟虫腈残留量的同时检测方法。样品以1%乙酸-乙腈为提取剂,应用改进的QuChERS方法对样品提取液进行净化,并利用气质联用在选择离子扫描(SIM)模式下进行检测,以基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明:在2～10μg/kg添加水平范围内,氟虫腈和丁烯氟虫腈的平均回收率分别为99.8%～120.5%和96.4%～124.9%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为1.8%～11%和2.1%～7.4%;两者的方法检出限(LOD)均为2μg/kg;定量限(LOQ)均为6μg/kg。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定鸡蛋中氟虫氰及其代谢残留

建立了QuEChERS快速提取和净化样品,气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法测定鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜的方法。水和乙腈萃取、C_(18)和PSA净化样品,气相色谱分离,多反应离子监测模式测定。氟虫腈及其3种代谢物在5~400μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为1.0~2.5μg/kg;定量限为3.0~7.5μg/kg。在两个浓度水平进行加标,上述4种测定物的回收率为72.5%~95.3%,相对标准偏差为3.7%~7.5%。本方法可满足鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜残留检测的实际需要。     

气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱法测定茶叶中氟虫腈残留量

建立了茶叶中氟虫腈残留量快速测定的气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱法。茶叶中的氟虫腈用正己烷-丙酮(7:3,V/V)混合液提取,经石墨化碳黑固相萃取小柱净化后,用正己烷-丙酮(9:1,V/V)混合液洗脱,浓缩定容后,用气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱法测定,外标法定量。结果表明,目标物质在0.001~0.040 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好;空白样品在0.002~0.010 mg/L范围三水平加标回收实验的平均回收率在96.6%~114.2%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.9%~4.4%;方法的定量限为0.001 mg/kg。该方法能满足茶叶中氟虫腈残留量0.002 mg/kg的检测要求。     

稳定同位素稀释超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定饲料中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈硫醚和氟虫腈砜的方法。样品经纯水和乙腈超声提取后加入氯化钠盐析,采用QuEChERS技术净化,以Waters HSS T3 C₁₈色谱柱分离,甲醇和纯水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在多反应监测、负离子模式下进行检测,内标法定量。氟虫腈及其代谢物在各自的范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9998;氟虫腈及其代谢物的检出限和定量限分别为0.05 μg/kg和0.2 μg/kg,加标回收率为92.3%~105.4%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~2.3%（n=5）。该法样品前处理过程简单,净化效果好,灵敏度高,适用于各种饲料中氟虫腈及其代谢物含量的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.