化学修饰丝网印刷薄片碳电极测定痕量铜

采用丝网印刷技术制备一次性薄片碳电极,并在此电极上进行了化学修饰,于邻苯二酚－甲醛－NaOH溶液中的,在－0．1V~1.2V电位范围内,循环发法进行电聚合,可获得性能良好的修饰电极,该电极可用于阳极深出伏安法测量痕量铜,其响应灵敏度较裸碳电极提高50倍以上,线笥范围为2．5~50μg/L;测量的RSD为2．7％,用该电极可直接测定当是自来水中铜的含量为6．27μg/L。     

三正辛胺修饰电极伏安测定痕量金的研究

用化学修饰电极伏安测定痕量金,Kalcher K等曾采用阴离子交换剂碳糊修饰电极及打萨宗碳糊修饰电极检测100～300μg/L的金。本文采用三正辛胺(TOA)修饰玻碳电极,在1.5 mol/L介质中,Au(Ⅲ)在+0.16 V(vs SCE)处有一灵敏的不可逆还原峰。检出限为0.1μg/L。灵敏度比文献方法高千倍。Au(Ⅲ)浓度在5×10~(-7)～5×10~(-9)mol/L范围内峰高与浓度     

复合铋膜电极阳极溶出法测定水样中的痕量铟

在玻碳电极上采用电化学沉积法制备了新型铕离子掺杂普鲁士蓝复合铋膜电极,建立了用示差脉冲阳极溶出法测定环境水样中痕量铟的分析方法。讨论了铟在常规铋膜电极和复合铋膜电极上的溶出性能,对铋膜的厚度、支持电解质、测定底液的pH、富集时间和富集电位等参数进行了优化。在最佳实验条件下,铟的阳极溶出峰电流与其浓度在2~20μg/L和20~100μg/L范围内分别呈良好的线性关系,检测下限为0.15μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差RSD2.0%。该法用于实际水样中痕量铟的测定,样品回收率为97.5%~103%。     

基于丝网印刷工艺的安培型酶免疫传感器的研究

研究了一种一次性安培型免疫传感器,检测辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)。用丝网印刷工艺制备三电极结构的传感器,工作电极是碳电极,银电极是伪参比电极。采用电荷传递系数、评估厚膜电极的一致性。通过戊二醛交联法,把抗HRP酶抗体固定在电极表面。加入底物H2O2和电子介体邻苯二胺,分别用安培法和比色法进行检测和比较分析。安培法测定HRP的测量范围10μg/L~10 mg/L,检出限10μg/L;比色法测定范围为2~40 mg/L,检出限2 mg/L。同时分析了湿度对传感器寿命的影响。     

聚多巴胺修饰电极对痕量铅的测定研究

通过多巴胺(DA)的自聚反应在玻碳电极(GCE)表面修饰一层聚多巴胺(PDA)膜,对DA的自聚条件和方波溶出伏安法测试条件进行优化。优化的实验条件为:以2 mg/m L DA的Tris-HCl(0.01 mol/L,p H8.5)溶液为自聚溶液,自聚反应时间为2.5 h,铅的测试底液为0.1 mol/L HCl溶液,修饰电极在铅测试溶液中于-1.0 V富集300 s时,溶出峰的峰形好,且峰电流大。峰电流与铅浓度分别在0.1~1.0μg/L和1.0~10.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.016 5μg/L。实验结果表明,该聚多巴胺修饰电极制备简单、灵敏度高、成本低,可用于加碘盐、纯净水和自来水中痕量铅的测定。     

铅镉重金属离子在铋膜电极上的相互影响

采用原位镀铋电极的方式,以玻碳电极为工作电极,通过改变Cd2+和Pb2+的比例,考察不同Pb2+和Cd2+浓度条件下,两者同时存在时的相互影响。实验发现,Cd2+和Pb2+同时存在时,存在相互的影响,特别是对于Cd2+的检测,由于Pb2+较正的析出电位,对于Cd2+的析出有一定的辅助作用。考察了Cd2+和Pb2+单独存在时的分析性能,Pb2+沉积时间为60 s时,在1~80μg/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.5μg/L;Cd2+的沉积时间为120 s,在1~25μg/L和30~200μg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0μg/L。考察了铋膜电极在不同实际水样中对Pb2+和Cd2+的分析,获得了较好的一致性。     

基于纳米金修饰的两种无汞型重金属微传感器的对比研究

采用微加工技术制备了集成有工作电极和对电极的两种重金属微传感电极芯片,工作电极表面采用电沉积法修饰纳米金(Gold nanoparticles,GNPs),由半胱氨酸(L-cysteine,Cys)和天冬氨酸(L-aspartic acid,Asp)修饰制备Asp/Cys/GNPs/微传感电极芯片,并利用原位镀锡膜(Sn film)的方法,制成Sn/GNPs/微传感电极芯片。采用方波伏安法和方波溶出伏安法考察了两种微传感电极芯片对重金属离子Cu2+,Pb2+和Zn2+的响应特性。Asp/Cys/GNPs/微传感电极芯片可有效识别Cu2+和Pb2+,线性范围为5～2000μg/L,检出限为1μg/L;Sn/GNPs/微传感电极芯片可有效识别Cu2+,Pb2+和Zn2+,线性检测范围分别为5～500μg/L,5～500μg/L和10～500μg/L,检出限分别为2,3和5μg/L。相比而言,Asp/Cys/GNPs/微传感电极芯片具有较宽的检测范围,而Sn/AuNPs/微传感电极芯片具有较高的灵敏度,两种传感器绿色环保、制备简单、更新简便、易于集成,在水质在线监测方面具有应用前景。     

预镀铋膜修饰铂电极差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定痕量铅、镉

采用预镀铋膜法修饰铂电极,用该电极对痕量Pd、Cd同时进行了差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定,Pd、Cd在富集中和铋形成类似于汞齐的合金,溶出峰良好。讨论了在不同沉积液和沉积时间下得到的铋膜电极的性能和富集时间、富集电位及底液pH对金属离子测定的影响。在优化的实验条件下,分别对10~100μg/L、20~200μg/L和50~500μg/L3个不同浓度系列的Pb2 、Cd2 进行了同时测定,Pb、Cd溶出峰电流与Pb2 、Cd2 浓度呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.999),Pb2 、Cd2 浓度的线性范围均为10~500μg/L;富集时间为180 s时,Pb2 、Cd2 的检出限分别为0.38μg/L和0.82μg/L。利用本方法测定了蔬菜中Pb的含量,并与原子荧光分析法做了对比,结果令人满意。     

甲醛在铂纳米颗粒修饰电极上的电化学响应及其应用

用铂纳米颗粒直接修饰玻碳电极,制成了具有大表面积的纳米铂修饰电极.该电极对甲醛的电催化氧化明显优于铂盘电极,电化学响应显著.在碱性介质循环伏安分析中,氧化峰电流与甲醛浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.8×10(-5)mol/L(1.3μg/L),且多次测量中甲醛氧化峰电流相对标准偏差为1.9%.该修饰电极可用于腐竹提取...     

磷钼杂多阴离子薄膜修饰电极及其应用——循环伏安法测定植酸中无机磷

本文采用含磷10μg/ml的5×10~(-3)mol/L钼酸铵-0.5mol/L硫酸-20％(V/V)丙酮溶液为电极修饰液,制备了性能优良的以玻碳为基体的PMo_(12)薄膜修饰电极,并应用于植酸中无机磷的测定。检测限为0.04μg/ml磷;相对标准偏差(n=5)为4.32％,加标回收率为98％～108％。本法还可应用于植酸及其它含磷试样的分析。     

Label‐free DNA Hybridization Based on Coupling of a Heated Carbon Paste Electrode with Magnetic Separations

The technique of electrically heated carbon paste electrodes is applied for label‐free detection of DNA hybridization after magnetic isolation. Coupling of both techniques leads to highly selective and sensitive detection of DNA hybridization. Minimal contributions of nonhybridized DNA are thus coupled to an enhanced signal. Application of elevated temperatures during the accumulation step yields a max. 6‐fold enhancement of guanine oxidation signals compared to room temperature deposition. Use of noncomplementary nucleic acids gives no significant peaks at room or elevated temperatures. The noise level remained unaffected. Variation of the target concentration results in linear calibration plots under hot accumulation conditions.     

磷钨钴和磷钨镍杂多酸化学修饰电极的研究

杂多酸由于组成和结构上的特点,在电化学和电分析化学领域有着广泛应用[1,2]。迄今为止,有关磷钨钴和磷钨镍三元杂多酸化学修饰电极还未见报道。本文按文献方法[3]合成了磷钨钴(Ｈ3ＰＷ11ＣｏＯ40·ｘＨ2Ｏ)和磷钨镍(Ｈ3ＰＷ11ＮｉＯ40·ｘＨ2Ｏ)杂多酸,分别以Ｈ3ＰＷ12Ｏ40·ｘＨ2Ｏ、Ｈ3ＰＷ11ＣｏＯ40·ｘＨ2Ｏ和Ｈ3ＰＷ11ＮｉＯ40·ｘＨ2Ｏ杂多酸(以下简写为Ｈ3ＰＷ11ＭＯ40·ｘＨ2Ｏ,其中Ｍ代表Ｗ,Ｃｏ和Ｎｉ)为修饰剂,采用电化学方法在导电基体玻碳(ＧＣ)电极上制备了Ｈ3ＰＷ11ＭＯ40/ＧＣ膜修饰电极,制备过程简便、快速。对膜电极的…     

Carbon Black‐Modified Electrodes as Sensitive Tools for the Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite and Nitrate

Both screen‐printed electrodes modified with a dispersion of carbon black (CB) and solid paste electrodes prepared using a nanostructured CB were developed and characterized. Indeed, increasing the peak currents and/or their shifting to negative potentials were observed, exhibiting efficient electrocatalytic activity towards nitrite oxidation with high sensitivity and low detection limit. Solid carbon paste electrodes (SCPEs) and solid carbon black paste electrodes (SCBPEs) were challenged in amperometric mode with nitrite since detection limit reached is 65 and 5 nM respectively. Nitrate was first reduced to nitrite in reductor column, then detected on SCBPEs. Nitrate and nitrite were determined in real samples.     

双电极法现场快速检测地下水和湖水中碳酸氢根和碳酸根

地下水和湖水中碳酸氢根( HCO-3)和碳酸根( CO2-3)含量是地球化学碳行为和碳循环的重要表征,但两种离子的浓度易受环境影响而改变,因此,地下水和湖水中HCO-3和CO2-3真实含量的测定一直是个难题。实验利用CO2的水解平衡,通过pH电极和二氧化碳电极联用,建立了HCO-3和CO2-3现场快速测定的新方法,解决了地下水和湖水中HCO-3和CO2-3真实含量的测定难题。研究结果表明,在pH=4.8±0.1的底液中, HCO-3和CO2-3的线性范围分别为0.027~570 mg/L和1.25×10-8~39.7 mg/L。共存的金属离子、强酸阴离子(K+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4,100 mg/L)、弱酸阴离子和弱酸(HSO-3、NO-2、HOAc,50 mg/L)对测定干扰小于5%。实际水样加标实验回收率在95.2%~99.2%之间,相对标准偏差为2.6%~3.7%。与酸碱滴定法进行对比,本方法的准确性良好。但方法受温度影响,因此标准溶液与样品应在同一温度下测量。总体而言,双电极法灵敏、快速、经济且电极携带方便、操作简单、对环境要求不高,十分适合现场和室内一般自然水体的快速检测。本方法已成功应用于青海省地下水和青海湖湖水中HCO-3和CO2-3的现场测定。实验表明,海东地区地下水样品pH在6.4~7.4之间,HCO-3含量为234~4096 mg/L,CO2-3含量为0.16~1.89 mg/L；青海湖湖水样品pH≈8.7,HCO-3含量范围在1.36~1.86 g/L,CO2-3含量在32.3~43.9 mg/L,与文献结果吻合。     

掺杂多壁碳纳米管改性聚溴甲酚绿膜修饰电极的制备、表征与应用研究

研究了掺杂多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)改性聚溴甲酚绿膜(PBG),以不同修饰方法制备了4种修饰电极,用扫描电镜、交流阻抗及循环伏安法等对电极进行表征。结果表明:4种修饰电极的电活化面积均得到明显提高,其中以层层修饰制备的聚溴甲酚绿膜/多壁碳纳米管复合膜(PBG/MWNT/GC)电极最能发挥MWNT和PBG的电活性。将电极用于8-羟基喹啉(8-HQ)电化学行为的研究,结果表明:4种修饰电极的伏安响应明显提高,且8-HQ在PBG/MWNT/GC上的氧化峰电位负移最多,峰电流最大,约为裸玻碳电极的4.5倍,电催化作用显著增强。8-HQ在PBG/MWNT/GC上电极反应的电子转移数和质子数均为1,是吸附控制的不可逆电氧化过程,氧化峰电流Ip与浓度c在4.0×10-6～3.5×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=-0.997 2,检出限(S/N=3)为1.96×10-8mol/L。PBG/MWNT/GC修饰电极可实现8-HQ的快捷、简便测定。     

A new electrochemiluminescent detection system equipped with an electrically heated carbon paste electrode for CE

An electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection system in CE with an electrically heated carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed. This CPE could be heated by a 100 kHz alternating current (ac) generated from a function generator, and the temperature of the electrode (Te) could be controlled. To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of this system, the electrochemically generated Ru(bpy)(3) (3+)-based ECL reaction was used for detection of triethylamine (TEA) and tri-n-propylamine (TPrA). Ru(bpy)(3) (2+) was added into the separation buffer solution with precolumn mode. Effects of several important factors were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the heated electrode has been shown to provide advantages by the measurement of ECL intensity in CE at elevated Te. Compared with the conventional electrode at the room temperature, using heated CPE could improve peak shape and gain good reproducibility with lower detection limits and wider linearity ranges. Compared with the room temperature, the linear ranges and detection limits (S/N = 3) for TEA and TPrA were improved about one magnitude when the Te was 39 degrees C. In contrast, the RSD was lower than for the electrode at room temperature.     

氮掺杂碳纳米管修饰电极的电化学行为

制备了氮掺杂改性的碳纳米管, 并用循环伏安法(CV)测定了多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在不同氮含量的碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为. 结果表明, 氮掺杂碳纳米管修饰电极对AA和DA有不同的电催化行为, 其中高氮含量修饰电极对AA的催化作用强, 而低氮含量修饰电极对DA的催化作用强. 微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)的结果显示, DA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在5.0×10^－6～2.0×10^－4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系, 检出限达1.64×10^－6 mol/L (S/N＝3); AA氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10^－5～1.0×10^－2 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系, 检出限达3.26×10^－6 mol/L (S/N＝3). 该修饰电极在AA大量存在(AA浓度为DA浓度两万倍)时可选择性地实现多巴胺的测定而不造成干扰.     

亲水纳米二氧化硅修饰丝网印刷碳糊电极的改进性能研究

研究了以铁氰化钾为电子传递剂,亲水纳米二氧化硅为固定化酶的载体与高分子成膜材料掺杂制作的生物敏感膜修饰丝网印刷碳糊电极葡萄糖生物传感器的改进特性,并从机理上分析了形成这种优化的原因。实验采用柠檬酸作为缓冲液,在高分子成膜材料、铁氰化钾、稳定剂、葡萄糖氧化酶中掺杂均相处理后的纳米二氧化硅制备生物敏感膜,并制成腔体,将其与未经过纳米二氧化硅掺杂制备的生物传感器进行对比实验。实验证明:用掺杂纳米二氧化硅制作的生物敏感膜修饰的丝网印刷碳糊电极与未修饰电极相比,灵敏度提高了2.6倍,线性检测范围为1.1~33.3 mmol/L,对测试范围内不同浓度的葡萄糖样本,相对标准偏差<5%,重现性和稳定性良好,具有较高的研究价值和应用前景。     

Comparison of DNA Hybridization at Rotating and Heated Gold Disk Electrodes

This paper reports about the influence of temperature, hybridization time and convection upon the detection of osmium tetroxide bipyridine‐labeled target oligonucleotides at rotating gold disk (RDE) and heated low temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) gold disk electrodes. We used mixed self‐assembled monolayers of hexathiol‐linked probe oligonucleotides and mercaptohexanol on the gold surface of the electrodes for the hybridization detection of the labeled targets by means of square‐wave voltammetry. Due to protective strands, the osmium tetroxide‐modified target strands were still able to hybridize with the immobilized probe strands. The hybridization of such osmium tetroxide bipyridine‐modified target strands with thiol‐linked probe strands immobilized on gold yielded large reversible square‐wave‐voltammetric signals. Rotation speed and, hence, mass transport due to convection has only marginal effects. On the other hand, temperature affects greatly the hybridization step as indicated by both heated LTCC electrode in cold and RDE in warm hybridization solution. Calculated detection limits of 3.6 and 3.1 nM targets at the RDE and the LTCC electrode, respectively, have been almost the same at both types of electrodes. Applying an appropriate temperature during hybridization is more important than mechanically enhanced mass transport.     

复合聚合物修饰的粉末微电极及其对亚硝酸根还原的催化

本论文简述用Nafion_Os(bpy) 3 2 + /PVP复合膜修饰的乙炔黑粉末微电极 ,以亚硝酸根还原为模型反应 ,实现从复合修饰及扩大电极比表面两方面改善电极性能的思路 .结果表明 ,它同时显示Nafion_Os(bpy) 3 2 + /PVP修饰电极对NO2 -及NO+ 双重富集并再生活性粒子NO+ 、防止中继体流失、加速膜中中继体传输、改变反应途径等复合修饰电极的多种功能以及粉末微电极的高比表面、高液相传质速度以及薄层效应的特性 .与平面修饰电极及裸粉末微电极相比 ,它明显提高了酸性溶液中亚硝酸根还原的可逆性、呈数量级地提高稳态极限电流密度以及NO2 -的检测指标 .