应用于扫描探针显微镜的石英音叉机械模型研究

石英音叉作为力传感器广泛地应用于各种扫描探针显微镜,主要涉及石英音叉的同相振动和反相振动两种振动模式.通过实验方法和有限元仿真方法对石英音叉的两种振动模式进行研究,发现石英音叉的双臂之间以及双臂与音叉的基部之间都存在耦合作用,双臂之间的耦合使音叉的反相共振频率升高,双臂与基部之间的耦合使音叉的同相共振频率降低.针对两种振动模式的动态特性建立了石英音叉的机械模型并进行合理简化.简化模型是一个四弹簧三质点系统,计算了简化模型的参数.通过一个音叉臂等效质量变化与音叉反相共振频率变化之间的定量关系证明了简化机械模 关键词： 扫描探针显微镜 石英音叉 振动模式 机械模型     

干涉法测量音叉振动

采用干涉法对音叉受迫振动的位移振幅、速度振幅以及音叉振动与外加周期性驱动力的相频关系做了测量与探究.实验结果表明,位移共振频率与速度共振频率近似相等;音叉达到共振时,音叉振动与外加周期性驱动力存在π/2的相位差.利用干涉的方法可对音叉受迫振动的位移振幅、速度振幅以及音叉振动与外加周期性驱动力的相频关系同时进行研究,并且可观测到调节信号源频率至共振频率过程中相位差的改变,以及达到共振时施加外在扰动后相位差偏离π/2而后恢复的过程.     

音叉振动阻尼系数的测定与研究

利用计算机的声卡采集音叉振动信号,研究了振动衰减过程中阻尼系数的大小,得出了阻尼系数不是常数,而是与音叉振幅成线性关系的初步结论,并用共振态下策动力振幅对音叉振幅的关系验证了这一结论.根据阻尼系数与振幅的关系解释了两种传统方法测量结果差别很大的原因.     

自制音叉的对称性与非对称性破坏性实验研究

文中对自制对称正型音叉与自制非对称异型音叉受力F后音叉产生的振动的现象进行了研究,用DIS声传感数字化信息系统采集振动频率,研究频率与音叉叉股长度的关系,从而对音叉叉股对称与非对称的情况进行研究。     

音叉受迫振动规律及计算机实时测量

对音叉作受迫振动的规律及音叉振动周期与双臂质量的关系进行了研究,自制了新型的音叉受迫振动与共振实验仪,该仪器不仅可以手工调节做实验,而且可以实现计算机实时测量.     

Python用于音叉接触纸张的泛音现象研究

以音叉接触纸张的泛音现象为研究对象,利用Python-Librosa库进行频谱分析,定性探究泛音现象的特点及其影响因素.研究发现音叉接触纸张振动会产生与音叉基频成整数倍关系的高次谐波.音叉接触距离纸张悬挂部位越远的区域,以及纸张厚度越厚,振动产生的高次谐波越多,声音越尖锐;音叉接触A4纸和白卡纸振动产生的谐波现象较为明显,接触草稿纸产生的谐波现象不明显.     

基于非线性振动研究低音现象

采用音叉与纸张系统发生非线性振动的观点,对于音叉和纸张进行建模以及力学分析,预测出产生低音的频率特点.理论分析和实验结果表明:音叉振动提供驱动力,引起纸张发生非线性振动,产生低音现象.实验结果的各低分频比较好地满足了理论推导出的分数频的假设.     

音叉弦线受迫共振系统的计算机模拟研究

音叉弦线受迫共振系统的计算机模拟研究吴本科，蒋凉（合肥工业大学２３０００９）音叉带动弦线形成驻波并非能由简单理论而得到圆满解释［１］［２］，通常的注意力多集中在弦线的机械波上，而对弦线的初始振动以及它与音叉的关系研究很少，既使有个别研究［３］也只能给...     

对弦振动实验中振源的改进

设计制作了一种振源．将其应用于弦振动实验时,不但能像电动音叉作振源那样,可以验证弦线上驻波波长与弦线张力、密度的关系,而且还可以验证电动音叉作振源所不能验证的弦线上驻波波长与驻波频率的关系．     

关于音叉弦振动的讨论

在大学物理教材中［１］［２］［３］常用音叉弦振动来描述驻波现象，并都认为驻波的形成原因是入射波（由音叉带动弦振动所引起的波）与反射波的干涉结果。这种解释实际上是欠妥当的。本文详细讨论了音叉弦振动形成驻波的现象及其原因。     

微片Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ 双频激光器腔调谐现象研究

 基于微片Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ 正交偏振双频激光器,研究了若干重要的双频激光器腔调谐现象, 包括光强调谐、频差调谐、子谐振腔效应及频差闭锁等,给出了实验结果和数据。腔调谐下,正交双频的频差调谐量约为３５０ ｋＨｚ;存在子谐振腔效应时,频差调谐量最大可达到２ ＭＨｚ;未发现明显频差闭锁现象,频差最小值可达到１４ ＭＨｚ。     

Resonant escape over an oscillating barrier in underdamped Josephson tunnel junctions

The escape from a metastable state over an oscillating barrier of an underdamped Josephson tunnel junction has been experimentally investigated with oscillation frequency well separated from the plasma frequency of the junction. The resonant escape, namely, a minimum of the average escape time as a function of the oscillation frequency, was observed. For the oscillation frequency much smaller than the "resonant frequency," the average escape time is the average of the times required to cross over each of the barriers. On the other hand, for the oscillation frequency much greater than the "resonant frequency," the average escape time is that required to cross the average barrier.     

光参量振荡过程的物理图象及BBO参量振荡器

本文采用折射率面来描述光参量振荡过程的物理图象,获得了光参量振荡过程的相位匹配图象和频率调谐的简单的数学表达式,直观简洁地说明了光参量振荡器频率调谐曲线的调谐行为.我们用1.06μm和0.532μm激光泵浦β-BaB2O4(BBO)晶体,获得了角度调谐的BBO光参量振荡器的调谐范围分别为1.7～2.35μm及0.72～2.1μm,最大能量转换效率为15％,还讨论了输出能量与腔长的关系.     

Singly resonant optical parametric oscillation in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides

We report quasi-phase-matched singly resonant optical parametric oscillation in electric-field-poled lithium niobate waveguides. Parametric gains as high as 250%/W, an oscillation threshold of 1.6 W (peak), idler output powers of 220 mW, and a tuning range of 1180-2080 nm for pump wavelengths of 756-772 nm have been observed. Pump depletion is limited to 40% because of the multiple launched transverse modes at the pump wavelength. We predict that fully optimized waveguide singly resonant oscillators can have thresholds of ~100 mW, accessible to cw diode pumping.     

Extended mode-hop-free tuning by use of a dual-cavity, pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator

We report extended mode-hop-free tuning in a continuous-wave, pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator (PE-OPO). We employ a dual-cavity configuration to allow independent control of the resonant pump and signal fields, and so we can suppress frequent mode hops in the signal as the pump is tuned in frequency. With the signal field clamped in frequency by an uncoated etalon, the idler field can be scanned smoothly through a range of 10.8 GHz. The PE-OPO outputs can also be tuned coarsely from 1.01 to 1.18 mum in the signal and from 2.71 to 3.26 mum and 4.07 to 5.26 mum in the idler. We find that increased idler absorption only slightly increases the oscillation threshold.     

左手介质对谐振腔谐振频率的影响

在谐振腔设计过程中, 谐振腔的品质因数以及谐振频率都是需要考虑的关键因素. 传统的方法是通过减小谐振腔的尺寸或者利用高次模来提高谐振腔的谐振频率, 但是由于两种方法都有其局限性, 导致设计结果并不理想. 通过理论计算与模拟仿真相结合的方法, 对影响谐振腔谐振频率的因素进行分析, 得出了填充介质的材料属性与谐振腔谐振频率的关系. 理论计算显示: 当用“左手介质”作为谐振腔的填充物质时, 可以在不改变谐振腔尺寸的基础上提高谐振频率. 高频结构仿真器(high frequency structure simulator)的仿真数据也证明了以上结果, 从而得出谐振腔的谐振频率可以不受谐振腔尺寸的限制. 相较于传统理论而言, 研究结论有进一步的发展, 为探索和设计新颖的谐振腔提供了理论依据.     

1.59 W, single-frequency, continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator based on MgO:sPPLT

A watt-level, single-frequency, continuous-wave (cw) singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on MgO:sPPLT is described. Pumped in the green by a frequency-doubled cw diode-pumped Nd:YVO(4) laser at 532 nm, the OPO can provide up to 1.59 W of single-frequency idler output with a linewidth of ~7 MHz at pump depletions of as much as 67%. Using a compact ring resonator and optimized focusing in a 30 mm crystal, a singly resonant oscillation threshold of 2.84 W has been obtained under single-pass pumping. With a single grating period of 7.97 microm, continuous signal and idler coverage over 852-1417 nm is obtained by temperature tuning between 61 degrees C and 236 degrees C. The influence of thermal lensing on idler output power across the SRO tuning range is also verified.     

Investigation of mechanical interactions between the tips of two scanning near-field optical microscopes

We describe a method to monitor the distance between two tips of a scanning near-field optical microscope setup. The interaction between the two tips, caused by shear forces and air pressure oscillations between the tips, makes each oscillating tip perform an additional oscillation at the frequency of the other tip. The interaction is detected by analyzing one of the tuning fork signals with a lock-in amplifier locked at the oscillation frequency of the other tuning fork. The resulting signal, called crosstalk, increases sharply only when the scanning tip comes into the immediate vicinity of the stationary one. This effect allows us to prevent the tips from colliding during scanning.     

Predicting optimal drive sweep rates for autoresonance in Duffing-type oscillators: A beat method using Teager-Kaiser instantaneous frequency

Sustained resonance in a linear oscillator is achievable with a drive whose constant frequency matches the resonant frequency of the oscillator. But in oscillators with nonlinear restoring forces such as the pendulum, Duffing and Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator, the resonant frequency changes as the amplitude changes, so a constant frequency drive results in a beat oscillation instead of sustained resonance. Duffing-type nonlinear oscillators can be driven into sustained resonance, called autoresonance, when the drive frequency is swept in time to match the changing resonant frequency of the oscillator. We find that near-optimal drive linear sweep rates for autoresonance can be estimated from the beat oscillation resulting from constant frequency excitation. Specifically, a least squares estimate of the Teager-Kaiser instantaneous frequency versus time for the beat response to a stationary drive provides a near-optimal estimate of the nonstationary drive linear sweep rate needed to sustain resonance in the pendulum, Duffing and Duffing-Van der Pol oscillators. We confirm these predictions with model-based numerical simulations. An advantage of the beat method of estimating optimal drive sweep rates for maximal autoresonant response is that no model is required so experimentally generated beat oscillation data can be used for systems where no model is available.     

Singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on adhesive-free-bonded periodically inverted KTiOPO4 plates: terahertz generation by mixing a pair of idler waves

We implemented a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on adhesive-free-bonded periodically inverted KTiOPO4 plates. It has major advantages such as walk-off compensation and oscillation at four wavelengths. The threshold of the oscillation was measured to be 8 MW/cm2, which is about a factor of 4 lower than that based in two separate KTiOPO4 crystals. By frequency-mixing the dual-wavelength output in GaP stacks, we generated the terahertz radiation at 2.54 THz. The tuning range of the terahertz output was demonstrated to be 2.19-2.77 THz.