音叉受迫振动规律及计算机实时测量

对音叉作受迫振动的规律及音叉振动周期与双臂质量的关系进行了研究,自制了新型的音叉受迫振动与共振实验仪,该仪器不仅可以手工调节做实验,而且可以实现计算机实时测量.     

干涉法测量音叉振动

采用干涉法对音叉受迫振动的位移振幅、速度振幅以及音叉振动与外加周期性驱动力的相频关系做了测量与探究.实验结果表明,位移共振频率与速度共振频率近似相等;音叉达到共振时,音叉振动与外加周期性驱动力存在π/2的相位差.利用干涉的方法可对音叉受迫振动的位移振幅、速度振幅以及音叉振动与外加周期性驱动力的相频关系同时进行研究,并且可观测到调节信号源频率至共振频率过程中相位差的改变,以及达到共振时施加外在扰动后相位差偏离π/2而后恢复的过程.     

基于DIS系统测定自制音叉振动频率的研究

利用自制装置将音叉的振动转换为感应电流,使用数字信息化系统(DIS)微电流传感器,变更测量参量,从而测定出待测音叉的频率.     

音叉的共振频率与双臂质量的关系研究及其应用

通过对音叉振动系统的研究,分析了受迫振动系统振动振幅与驱动力频率的关系及音叉共振频率与双臂质量的关系,并用共振原理设计了振动式液体密度传感器.     

音叉演示“拍”现象的改进

在讲授频率相差很小的振动合成时,常用两个音叉来演示拍现象。但由于音叉振动的音量太小,即使加了共鸣箱,在上大课时,学生也很难听清拍音。我们设计了如下方法解决这个问题。将两片压电陶瓷片用胶     

QEPAS系统中石英音叉模态仿真计算与研究

对石英音叉增强型光声光谱(QEPAS)系统中常用的石英音叉进行了有限元模态计算，获得石英音叉前6阶振型与模态频率，认知了第4阶对称摆动振型为有效振动，利用单因素法分析了石英音叉的音臂长度l₁、音臂宽度w₁、音臂厚度t、音臂切角θ、音臂圆孔直径d及音臂圆孔高度h对低阶有效共振频率(Fre)的影响，敏感度依次为： l₁> w₁>d>θ>t>h，考虑实际设计情形，筛选出了l₁，w₁，d与h四个石英音叉设计变量，采用Box-Behnken实验设计方案与RSM(response surface methodology)方法，以Fre为函数目标，建立l₁，w₁，d与h的二次回归响应面模型，得到了参数之间的交互作用，利用Design-Expert软件对响应面模型进行设计参数反求，结果表明，在15 000 Hz≤Fre≤25 000 Hz计算区域内误差较小，基本满足QEPAS系统的计算需求，所提出的研究与设计方法具有一定通用性，可为QEPAS系统中石英音叉结构参数设计提供参考。     

用拾音器改进音叉共鸣实验

利用自制的拾音器,把音叉共鸣微弱的机械振动转换成电信号,送入护音器放大,得到宏量的音叉共鸣声,显著提高了音叉共鸣演示实验的效果。     

基于非线性振动研究低音现象

采用音叉与纸张系统发生非线性振动的观点,对于音叉和纸张进行建模以及力学分析,预测出产生低音的频率特点.理论分析和实验结果表明:音叉振动提供驱动力,引起纸张发生非线性振动,产生低音现象.实验结果的各低分频比较好地满足了理论推导出的分数频的假设.     

弦振动实验的改进

弦振动实验是一个传统实验,一般由电振音叉带动有一定张力的细线作振动,它对于研究驻波、弦的基频与谐频等规律是很有意义的,但此实验存在一定的问题: 1.弦线在音叉带动下振动,固定在音叉上的端点实际上不是书点; 2.弦的振动频率不能改变,不利于研究不同频率下的振动; 3.张力改变时,线密度将变化; 4.弦线绕过滑轮加负载,滑轮阻力给实验引入误差. 我们去掉电振音叉和滑轮,改用金属弦,用磁场对通电导体的作用力去强迫弦线振动,可以较好的解决上述问题,还可以讨论振动的品质因数,实验误差也较小. 实验装置:图1为装置的示意图,将低频电流加在铜…     

驻波实验中"二分频"现象的探讨

在大学物理实验教材中常用音叉弦振动形成共振驻波来测量音叉的振动频率,但对其中的"二分频"现象无相关的理论解释,本文在建立与‘‘二分频"现象相似的模型中,用数值计算的方法演示了这一结果.     

微型石英音叉陀螺模态特性的有限元分析

MEMS石英音叉陀螺是近年来发展起来的新型惯性器件。在石英音叉的早期设计阶段,为了提供可靠的设计方案,并缩短设计周期,应该对其进行分析模拟。音叉的结构参数至关重要,不仅会影响陀螺的敏感性,还会影响其检测精度和稳定性。本文以U形音叉为例,利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了微型石英音叉的实体模型,对其模态特性进行了分析和计算,分析了音叉几何尺寸对其谐振频率的影响,并提供了一组可供实际制作的音叉结构参数,大大缩短了设计周期。     

Theoretical analysis of a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor

Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensors are based on a recent approach to photoacoustic detection which employs a quartz tuning fork as an acoustic transducer. These sensors enable detection of trace gases for air quality monitoring, industrial process control, and medical diagnostics. To detect a trace gas, modulated laser radiation is directed between the tines of a tuning fork. The optical energy absorbed by the gas results in a periodic thermal expansion which gives rise to a weak acoustic pressure wave. This pressure wave excites a resonant vibration of the tuning fork thereby generating an electrical signal via the piezoelectric effect. This paper describes a theoretical model of a QEPAS sensor. By deriving analytical solutions for the partial differential equations in the model, we obtain a formula for the piezoelectric current in terms of the optical, mechanical, and electrical parameters of the system. We use the model to calculate the optimal position of the laser beam with respect to the tuning fork and the phase of the piezoelectric current. We also show that a QEPAS transducer with a particular 32.8 kHz tuning fork is 2–3 times as sensitive as one with a 4.25 kHz tuning fork. These simulation results closely match experimental data.     

相位差法测受迫振动的阻尼系数

利用音叉在受迫阻尼振动中速度与驱动力之间的相位差测定了阻尼系数.该方法在系统的稳定状态下读数,克服了通常所用的振幅衰减方法中的不稳定性,可降低人为因素给测量带来的误差.     

Investigation of mechanical interactions between the tips of two scanning near-field optical microscopes

We describe a method to monitor the distance between two tips of a scanning near-field optical microscope setup. The interaction between the two tips, caused by shear forces and air pressure oscillations between the tips, makes each oscillating tip perform an additional oscillation at the frequency of the other tip. The interaction is detected by analyzing one of the tuning fork signals with a lock-in amplifier locked at the oscillation frequency of the other tuning fork. The resulting signal, called crosstalk, increases sharply only when the scanning tip comes into the immediate vicinity of the stationary one. This effect allows us to prevent the tips from colliding during scanning.     

Application of a self-sensing conductive probe for Si device imaging

For the evaluation of two-dimensional carrier profiles in semiconductor devices, we have developed a novel form of probe–sensor combined unit that uses an etched tungsten wire as a conductive probe, and commercially available quartz tuning fork as the force sensor. This unit has a self-sensing capability due to the piezoelectric effect of quartz tuning fork, thus obviating optical setup, and its conductivity is higher and more stable than that of conventional metal-coated Si cantilever. In addition, this probe–sensor combined unit is inexpensive and easy to use, when compared to the well-known optical methods of Si-based cantilever vibration detection system. Our scanning probe microscope using this probe–sensor combined unit is able to mapping the capacitive gradient signal (dC/dZ image) and internal damping of quartz tuning fork oscillation (dissipation image) while scanning the sample surface. In this letter, we show the results of visualization of the p–n junction locus of a Si metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor in both dC/dZ and dissipation images.