第二载体ZrO_2、TiO_2、γ－Al_2O_3对燃烧催化剂耐热性的影响

第二载体ＺｒＯ_２、ＴｉＯ_２、γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３对燃烧催化剂耐热性的影响周仁贤，郑小明，朱波，仲逸芬，陈敏（杭州大学化学系，杭州，３１００２８）关键词催化氧化，钯，铂，第二载体燃烧催化剂多数采用堇青石陶瓷蜂窝体为载体基体，活性氧化铝为涂层料。很多结晶态...     

SO_4~（2－）／ZrO_2固体超强酸储存稳定性研究

ＳＯ_４~（２－）／ＺｒＯ_２固体超强酸储存稳定性研究陈建民，缪长喜，华伟明，高滋（复旦大学化学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词ＳＯ_４~（２－）ＺｒＯ_２，固体超强酸，储存稳定性，酸性，催化性能ＭｘＯｙ型固体超强酸在低温烷烃异构化反应中表现出优良的催化活性...     

（Pb_（0．88）Nd（0．10））（Ti_（0．92）In_（0．06）Mn_（0．2））O_3超细陶瓷粉末的制备与研究

（Ｐｂ_（０．８８）Ｎｄ（０．１０））（Ｔｉ_（０．９２）Ｉｎ_（０．０６）Ｍｎ_（０．２））Ｏ_３超细陶瓷粉末的制备与研究杨昆山，陈种菊，陈坚业，张惊涛（四川联合大学化学系，成都，６１００６４）关键词超细粉，共沉淀，制备掺Ｉｎ２Ｏ３、Ｎｄ２Ｏ３和ＭｎＯ?..     

纳米晶La_（1－_x）Sr_xFeO_3的合成及气敏特性的研究

用柠檬酸盐法合成出Ｌａ_（１－_ｘ）Ｓｒ_ｘＦｅＯ_３（ｘ＝０．１，０．２，０．３，０．４）原粉，再经固相反应得到纳米晶粉末，用ＴＧ、ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ进行了表征，确证复合氧化物Ｌａ_（１－_ｘ）Ｓｒ_ｘＦｅＯ_３为钙钛矿型结构，粒径在１０～２５ｎｍ之间。实验结果表明，随着固相反应条件不同，产物粒径呈规律性变化．气敏特性研究表明，该纳米晶材料对乙醇有较高的选择性和灵敏度，其选择性顺序为Ｌａ_（０．９）Ｓｒ_（０．１）ＦｅＯ_３＞ＬａＦｅＯ_３＞ＬａＦｅＯ_３（大晶粒）。     

柄型金属有机化合物（Ⅱ）──硅氧硅桥联二（1－茚基及四氢茚基）二氯化锆的合成和结构

１，３－二（１－茚基）四甲基二硅氧烷相继与丁基锂及ＺｒＣｌ_４·２ＴＨＦ作用，生成硅氧硅桥联二（１－茚基）二氯化锆（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＯＳｉＭｅ_２）［Ｉｎｄ］_２ＺｒＣｌ_２（１）。对其进行催化氢化得到相应的四氢茚基化合物（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＯＳｉＭｅ_２）［ＩｎｄＨ_４］_２ＺｒＣｌ_２（２）。１和２均含有顺式和反式二种异构体（１_ｃ和１_ｔ以及２_ｃ和２_ｔ），通过重结晶得到纯的单一异构体１_ｔ、２_ｃ和２_ｔ，１_ｃ和２_ｔ的晶体结构经Ｘ射线衍射测定，二者均属单斜晶系，Ｐ２_１／ｎ（１_ｔ）和Ｐ２_１／ｃ（２ｃ）空间群，其中２_ｃ分子的一个配体六元环在晶胞中具有两种几率完全相等的不同构象。     

CuO／γ－Al_2O_3中热稳定助剂作用的探讨

用等量共浸法和分浸法制备了含Ｃａ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｍｇ、Ｚｒ和Ｌａ助剂的ＣｕＯ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂（ＣｕＯ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３＝８ｗｔ％，Ｍ／Ｃｕ（原子比）＝０．１５，Ｌａ／Ｃｕ＝０．３５）．用ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ等考察了在高温７５０℃、９５０℃和１０５０℃老化后的相结构和ＣＯ氧化活性，实验表明所有助剂均有不同程度的抗烧结和抗相变作用。其中Ｌａ、Ｃａ和Ｚｒ的效果最好。分浸法比共浸法好。在９５０℃老化后，ＣｕＡｌ_２Ｏ_４和α－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３同步产生；随老化温度增高，ＣＯ氧化活性有所下降。分浸法制备的含Ｚｒ样品在９５０℃老化后活性最高。从γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３缺陷尖晶石特征及高温脱结构水过程，探讨了助剂抑制α－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３生成的原因。     

SO_4~（2－）／TiO_2和SO_4~（2－）／Fe_2O_3固体超强酸研究

用ＸＲＤ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ、ＳＥＭ和化学分析等手段研究了浸渍Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４的无定形ＴｉＯ２和Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３在焙烧过程中的晶化、相变、失水及失硫情况，总结出ＳＯ４２－／ＭｘＯｙ型固体超强酸具有与ＳＯ４２－／ＺｒＯ２体系相同的形成规律；用ＩＲ光谱和常温正戊烷异构化反应对ＳＯ４２－／ＴｉＯ２和ＳＯ４２－／Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３的超强酸性进行了表征，表明它们与／ＺｒＯ_２体系具有相似的表面酸位结构，无水状态主要为Ｌ酸位，吸水后部分Ｌ酸位可转变为Ｂ酸位，但这两种体系的超强酸性均比ＳＯ４２－／ＺｒＯ_２弱，其Ｈ０大约在－１３～－１４之间．     

甲酸和乙酸在二氧化锆表面化学吸附的光电子能谱研究

利用Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）和紫外光电子能谱（ＵＰＳ）等表面分析方法，表征了甲酸和乙酸在ＺｒＯ２表面 的反应和吸附态。室温下，甲酸在ＺｒＯ２表面以ＨＣＯＯ－（ａ）的形态被吸附，部分ＨＣＯＯ－（ａ）进一步分解产生Ｏ~(２－)（ａ）， ＨＣＯ（ａ）和ＣＨ_ｘ（ａ），加热有利于表面甲酸根的分解。乙酸在ＺｒＯ２表面的反应与甲酸相似。甲酸和乙酸在ＺｒＯ２表面 的吸附实质就是表面酸碱中和反应。     

Fe／ZrO_2气凝胶超细粒子催化剂的制备、表征及F－T反应性能的研究

用超临界流体干燥法制备出大孔高比表面高分散态Ｆｅ／ＺｒＯ_２气凝胶超细粒子催化剂，研究了在其制备过程中织构性质、颗粒大小、体相和表面结构的变化，并与普通浸渍法制备的Ｆｅ／ＺｒＯ_２催化剂作了对比。对几种Ｆｅ／ＺｒＯ_２催化剂的Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能考察表明，Ｆｅ／ＺｅＯ_２气凝胶超细催化剂显示出高的反应活性；随载体ＺｒＯ_２颗粒尺寸减小，活性组分铁的分散度变大，其颗粒尺寸变小，催化剂比表面积增大，反应活性增大，甲烷和低碳烃生成量增加，重质组分减少，认为产物烃分布主要受催化剂活性相颗粒尺寸效应制约。     

CO_2在Fe-Zn-M/HY复合催化剂上加氢合成异丁烷的研究(英文)

对ＣＯ_２在Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ－Ｍ（Ｍ＝Ｚｒ,Ａｌ,Ｇａ和Ｃｒ）／ＨＹ复合催化剂上的加氢反应进行了研究。通过对复合催化剂的配比、反应温度以及气体空速的考察,确定了由ＣＯ_２加氢合成异丁烷的最佳反应条件。在对反应机理研究后发现,ＣＯ_２在复合催化剂上的加氢反应是一个混合了甲醇合成和甲醇制汽油（ＭＴＧ）的反应过程,而不是传统的ＦＴ反应过程。实验结果指出,反应中生成的烯烃是产生异丁烷的重要中间产物。在所有的催化剂上,异丁烷的组成在烃类中是最高的。在Ｈ２／ＣＯ２＝３,５ Ｍｐａ, ３０００ｈ~（－１）及３６０℃的反应条件下, ＣＯ_２在Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ－Ｚｒ／ＨＹ复合催化剂上进行加氢反应时,异丁烷在烃类中的选择性高达３８％,异丁烷的时空产率可达３．０ Ｃ－ｍｏｌ％,这是迄今为止我们所知由ＣＯ_２加氢合成异丁烷所得的最好结果。     

Fiber motion and rheology of suspensions with uniform fiber orientation

One of the main goals in the studies of fiber suspensions is the prediction of fiber orientation in a short fiber composite part, using the processing variables, mold geometry, and material characteristics. The rheological properties of the fiber suspensions are strongly associated with the fiber orientation distribution. The understanding of the relations between the fiber structure in the suspension and its rheological properties is a key step in the design and implementation of processing operations. The fiber motion in shear flow is analyzed in this article. The study is focused on the relation between fiber orientation and rheological properties for a suspension with uniform (delta function) fiber orientation distribution in a Newtonian fluid. The study shows that the rheological properties of the suspension, measured during the start up of steady shear flow, can be used to determine the fiber orientation in the sample. The first normal stress coefficient is the property to measure in order to determine whether or not the suspension has a random fiber orientation. Any of the shear flow transient rheological properties can be used to determine the fiber initial orientation. It was found that the normal stress coefficients can show negative or positive values depending on the fiber orientation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1788–1799, 2000     

Effect of long fiber thermoplastic extrusion process on fiber dispersion and mechanical properties of viscose fiber/polypropylene composites

Viscose fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP/VF) composites were manufactured using long fiber thermoplastic (LFT) extrusion techniques with two different methods namely LFT‐l and LFT‐2. The compatibilizer [maleated polypropylene (MAPP)] and dispersing agent [stearic acid (SA)] were added to the PP/VF in order to improve the fiber dispersion and interfacial adhesion. The PP/VF composites manufactured using LFT‐2 showed better fiber dispersion with higher tensile and flexural properties compared to the composites manufactured using LFT‐1 method. Similarly, the impact strength and toughness of the LET‐2 composites showed an improvement of 36 and 20% than LFT‐1 whereas the average fiber length of composites was decreased from 6.9 mm to 4.4 mm because of the increase in shear energy as a result of residence time. Further, the addition of SA and MAPP to LFT‐2 process has significantly improved the fiber dispersion and mechanical performance. The fiber dispersion and fracture behavior of the LFT‐1 and LFT‐2 composites were studied using scanning electron microscopy analysis. The Fourier transformation infrared spectra were also studied to ascertain the existence of type of interfacial bonds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纺织纤维发展历程概观

人类在纺织材料的应用上历经了从天然纤维到化学合成纤维的发展道路。毛、麻、棉、丝是人类最早使用的天然纺织纤维。19世纪末,随着现代化学和化学工业的兴起,人类迎来了化学合成纤维的新时代。20世纪50年代以后,伴随着现代石油化学工业的快速发展,人类开启了以聚酯纤维等为代表的高分子合成纤维新时代。20世纪中后期,新型高性能的复合纺织纤维逐渐成为现代纺织材料发展的新方向。     

Ultra high density carbon fiber derived from isotactic polypropylene fiber without skin-core structure

Polypropylene (PP)-based carbon fibers were prepared by sulfonation process of isotactic PP fibers with concentrated sulfuric acid, followed by stress-less carbonization under nitrogen atmosphere. The stabilization behaviors of PP fiber under different sulfonation temperatures and time were discussed. The carbonization behavior of the stabilized PP fibers under different carbonization temperatures, as well as the mechanical performance of the obtained carbon fibers were investigated. The results indicated that linear PP molecule were effectively converted into thermally stable structure at higher temperature (≥130°C) in short time (2 h) through sulfonation-desulfonation reaction, among which ordered graphite structure has been formed prior to the carbonization process. Meanwhile, the carbon fibers were considerably densified by increasing the sulfonation temperature and carbonization temperature, and a bulk density of 1.96 g/cm³ was achieved. Moreover, the temperature and time of the sulfonation process as well as the temperature of the carbonization process were regulated, and carbon fibers with tensile strength of 262.3 MPa was obtained, which was superior to that of 208.1 MPa for the linear low density polyethylene-based carbon fibers reported previously. Isotactic PP was proved to be a promising candidate to develop carbon fibers with tunable graphite structure and mechanical performance.     

聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺及其共聚体纤维的成型新技术

聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维(芳纶1414)是经液晶溶液于喷—湿纺制得的高强、高模纤维，是当前最重要的高科技纤维。随着全球对芳纶需求量的增加及市场竞争的日益加剧，各国芳纶的生产厂家和研究单位都在不断地开发新工艺、新品种，以赋予聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维更优异的性能和尽可能地降低生产成本。本文综述了近年来芳纶生产的新工艺和具有各种特殊功能的新品种并简单介绍了该纤维的结构性能及发展方向。     

有机光纤研究进展

综述了近年来有机光纤(塑料光纤) 研究状况, 对有机光纤的分类及适用范围也给予了简单的说明。讨论了影响信号传输的因素和有机光纤光传输损耗的极限, 并对当前受到广泛重视的渐变型有机光纤的研究进展给予了特别的关注。     

Properties of partially hydrolyzed PAN fibers

The properties of base PAN (polyacrylonitrile) fibers and their partially hydrolyzed PAN-COOH fibers were characterized by means of a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, elemental analyzer, specific surface area analyzer etc. The main factors that can affect the strength of the base PAN fibers and how the hydrolysis reaction happens in alkaline conditions are discussed. Acidic hydrolyzed PAN-COOH fibers, having a strength of 9.6 cN/dtex, capacity of 0.26 mmol/g, BET area of 0.58 m²/g (calculated on dry basis) were prepared. The conversion rate from -CN to -COOH, the ways that groups of -COOH array on the surface of the fibers and the possible maximum amounts of -COOH are discussed in detail. __________ Translated from Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2008, 28(2) (in Chinese)     

石墨烯纤维材料的化学气相沉积生长方法

石墨烯纤维材料是以石墨烯为主要结构基元沿某一特定方向组装而成或由石墨烯包覆纤维状基元形成的宏观一维材料。根据组成基元的不同可将石墨烯纤维材料分为石墨烯纤维和石墨烯包覆复合纤维。石墨烯纤维材料在一维方向上充分发挥了石墨烯高强度、高导电、高导热等特点,在智能纤维与织物、柔性储能器件、便携式电子器件等领域具有广阔的应用前景。随着化学气相沉积(Chemical Vapor Deposition,CVD)制备石墨烯薄膜技术的发展,CVD技术也逐渐应用于石墨烯纤维材料的制备。利用CVD法制备石墨烯纤维可避免传统纺丝工艺中繁琐的氧化石墨烯(Graphene Oxide,GO)还原过程。同时,通过CVD法直接将石墨烯沉积至纤维表面可以保证石墨烯与纤维基底之间强的粘附作用,提高复合纤维的稳定性,同时可实现对石墨烯质量的有效调控。本文综述了石墨烯纤维材料的CVD制备方法,石墨烯纤维材料优异的力学、电学、光学性质及其在智能传感、光电器件、柔性电极等领域的应用,并展望了CVD法制备石墨烯纤维材料未来的发展方向。     

Surface properties of bamboo fiber and a comparison with cotton linter fibers

In order to understand the different touch senses from bamboo and cotton fibers, the surface properties of bamboo fiber, e.g., the surface free energy, the Lifshitz–van der Waals force, and Lewis acid and base components have been determined using the column wicking technique. Taking the traditional cotton linter fiber as a reference, this paper shows that both these fibers have the similar surface free energies. However, a big difference between these two fibers which has been importantly observed is that the bamboo fiber having greater Lewis acid component seems to be double than the cotton linter fiber. Since water has been found to have such surface property, it is suggested that the bamboo fiber touch in the skin of people may like the touch between water and skin of people. Meanwhile, other surface properties of these two fibers are compared.     

接枝改性木纤维对聚氯乙烯／木纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

接枝改性木纤维对聚氯乙烯／木纤维复合材料力学性能的影响廖兵，黄玉惠，赵树录，林果，丛广民（中国科学院广州化学研究所广州５１０６５０）关键词木纤维，聚氯乙烯／木纤维复合材料，接枝木纤维可作塑料的增强填料，但它与塑料的界面亲合性差，须进行改性，改善表面亲...