Fe／ZrO2气凝胶超细粒子催化剂的制备,表征及F—T反应性能的研究

用超临界流体干燥法制备出大孔高比表面高发散态Ｆｅ／ＺｒＯ２气凝胶超细粒子催化剂，研究了在其制备过程中织构性质、颗粒大小、体相和表面结构的变化，并与普通浸渍法制备的Ｆｅ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂作了对比。对几种Ｆｅ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂的Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能考察表明，Ｆｅ／ＺｅＯ２气凝胶超细催化剂显示出高的反应活性；随载体ＺｒＯ２颗粒尺寸减小，活性组分铁的分散度变大，其颗粒尺寸变小，催化剂比表面积增大，反应活性增大，甲烷     

M(Fe,CO,Ni)ZrO2气凝胶超细粒子催化剂织构和结构热稳定性的研究

用超临界流体干燥（ＳＣＦＤ）法制备出高比表面纳米级ＺｒＯ２和Ｍ（Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ）／ＺｒＯ２气凝胶超细原粉．详细考察了其在空气中４５０℃焙烧后织构和结构的变化，表明ＺｒＯ２气凝胶原粉织构和结构的热稳定性较差，而添加铁、钴、镍的Ｍ／ＺｒＯ２气凝胶原粉织构和结构的热稳定性明显增强，稳定作用依钴、镍、铁次序增加．焙烧后所得的Ｍ／ＺｒＯ２气凝胶超细催化剂颗粒增长不大，颗粒间仍较大程度地保持着原有凝胶三维网络织构状态．与常规法制备的催化剂相比，其比表面积和孔体积高出甚多．     

新型固体酸SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O~3-ZrO_2-SiO_2的研制及其对乙酸/丁醇酯化反应酸催化作用的优化(英文)

采用共沉淀法与浸渍法制备了一系列ＳＯ４２－／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２固体酸催化剂,并将其用于催化乙酸／丁醉酯化反应。考察了以下影响催化剂活性的因素：Ｆｅ／Ｚｒ比、Ｓｉ含量、制备方法、预焙烧温度和焙烧温度等。催化剂采用如下条件制备： Ｓｉ含量为２ ％, Ｆｅ／Ｚｒ比为 ０．２５,共沉淀法, ７７３ Ｋ焙烧,此时酯收率及生成酯的选择性可分别达到９３.２６％和９６.０１％。 ＳＯ４２可能是活性组分之一。     

调变钴系超细粒子催化剂合成重质烃

制备了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶超细粉、ＺｒＯ－ＳｉＯ２超细复合氧化物载体以及Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ超细粒子催化剂，考察了还原温度对Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ催化剂Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能的影响。结果表明，４００下，Ｈ２还原的Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２催化剂有最佳Ｆ－Ｔ反应活性和Ｃ５选择性。     

微量Pt和Pd对Fe_2O_3/ZrO_2催化剂结构与性能的影响

用ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ及固定床微反应器技术研究了微量Ｐｔ 和Ｐｄ 对Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ 催化剂结构及性能的影响。结果表明，活性组分Ｆｅ３ ＋ 与载体ＺｒＯ２ 之间的相互作用会阻止载体从无定形ＺｒＯ２ 到ｔ－ＺｒＯ２ 进而ｍ － ＺｒＯ２ 的转变，同时，促进Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 在ＺｒＯ２ 表面的分散。微量Ｐｔ 或Ｐｄ 的加入对Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 在ＺｒＯ２ 上的分散状态无明显影响，但使Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ 的还原性能发生明显变化，表层Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 的还原性显著增强，导致Ｍ－ Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ 催化剂在ＮＯ＋ ＣＯ反应中有更高的催化活性。Ｎ２ 生成的选择性次序为Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ ＞ Ｐｄ － Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ ＞ Ｐｔ－ Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２ ＞ Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２ ＞ Ｐｔ／ＺｒＯ２ 。     

调变钴系超细粒子催化剂合成重质烃—─还原温度对反应性能的影响

制备了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶超细粉、ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２超细复合氧化物载体以及Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２超细粒子催化剂．考察了还原温度对Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２催化剂Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能的影响．结果表明，４００下、Ｈ２还原的Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２催化剂有最佳Ｆ－Ｔ反应活性和Ｃ５＋选择性．     

Co基超细粒子催化剂用于合成重质烃Ru助剂的作用

用溶胶凝胶法制备了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶超细粉体及ＺｒＯ２ＳｉＯ２超细复合载体，用浸渍法制备了Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２ＳｉＯ２超细粒子催化剂并用干混法制备了ＣｏＲｕ／ＺｒＯ２ＳｉＯ２催化剂．考察了Ｒｕ的添加对Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２ＳｉＯ２催化剂的织构、结构、还原、氢脱附及其ＦＴ反应性能的影响．结果表明，Ｒｕ的添加使Ｃｏ２＋更难还原，催化剂活性略有下降，ＣＨ４选择性降低，Ｃ５＋选择性及收率升高；Ｃｏ１％Ｒｕ／ＺｒＯ２ＳｉＯ２催化剂上的烃类产物不遵从ＳｃｈｕｌｚＦｌｏｒｙ分布，在Ｃ９和Ｃ１５有两个最高峰．     

溶胶－凝胶法制备超细SiO_2──制备参数对气凝胶织构性质的影响

ＳｉＯ_２气凝胶超细粉由ＴＥＯＳ（正硅酸乙酯）在乙醇溶液中水解聚合后经超临界流体干燥（ＳＣＦＤ）制得。本文考察了ＴＥＯＳ的浓度、水和ＴＥＯＳ的摩尔比以及焙烧温度对超细粉织构性能的影响。结果表明，超细ＳｉＯ_２的比表面积、总孔容、孔分布、最可几孔径及表现堆密度均随制备参数而改变。而以ＳｉＯ_２气凝胶超细粉体为基本载体材料的Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ_２－ＳｉＯ_２催化剂显示出高的ＣＯ＋Ｈ_２合成重质烃的活性和选择性。     

Fe_2O_3／ZrO_2催化剂上一氧化碳加氢反应制低碳烯烃──I．催化剂反应性能及反应过程中铁物相的变化

用浸渍法制得一系列不同铁负载量的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２催化剂，应用催化反应评价结合穆斯堡尔谱对催化剂的ＣＯ加氢反应性能、催化剂活性相结构及催化剂铁物种在合成气反应过程中的物相变化进行了研究．结果表明，铁负载量的大小对于Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２催化剂的Ｆ－Ｔ反应催化性能有很大影响，铁负载量适当时，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２催化剂铁锆间适当的强相互作用使得催化剂在保持较高催化活性的同时高选择性地生成低碳烯烃，产物分布偏离Ｓｃｈｕｌｚ－Ｆｌｏｒｙ分布规律．     

Mo－Fe／SiO_2催化剂中钼流失动力学和流失机理的研究

作为甲醇氧化制甲醛、甲醇氨氧化制ＨＣＮ反应的催化剂，其活性组分钼的流失是导致催化剂失活的主要原因。本文结合程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）及Ｘ－光衍射（ＸＲＤ）等测试手段，对Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂及工业实际用多元复合钼催化剂中钼的流失动力学和机理进行了研究。在ＨＣＮ合成过程中，水能引起活性组分钼的流失，而水又是反应产物。对工业用多元复合钼催化剂的流失情况进行了动力学考察，实验发现，催化剂中的钼是较难流失的，ＸＲＤ测试结果表明，Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中的钼是以Ｆｅ_２（ＭｏＯ_４）_３晶体形式存在的，而反应后催化剂中Ｍｏ为ＭｏＯ_３晶体状态。与其它催化剂比较，ＭｏＯ_３／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中的钼难流失，而较Ｂｉ－Ｍｏ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中的钼易流失。其中工业用催化剂是最为稳定的。根据实验结果，结合我们以前的工作，证明Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中，由于钼组分和铁组分的相互作用，使得Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２中的Ｍｏ的流失难于单组分的ＭｏＯ_３／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂，此外钼流失过程中ＭｏＯ_２（ＯＨ）_２与催化剂中铁组分反应生成钼酸盐的倾向也是Ｍｏ难于流失的原因之一。而Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ_２和Ｍｏ－Ｂｉ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂中钼流失速度的差异     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.