共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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小型宽波段凹面全息光栅单色仪的优化设计 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
随着户外物性分析实验的日渐增多,开发轻小型、便携式,且响应波段范围宽的光谱仪器的需求越来越迫切。根据凹面全息光栅均方根优化理论,设计了一款轻小型宽波段单色仪。该单色仪主要由三块IV型凹面全息光栅和上下两层可旋转的平台组成,三块光栅对称地固定于上层平台上,由一台步进电机带动上层平台旋转实现光栅之间的切换,另一台步进电机带动下层平台旋转实现单块光栅的扫描。三块光栅的响应波长范围分别为400~1000,1000~1700和1700~2500nm,其理论分辨极限分别优于2.5,2.8和4.0nm。并对三块光栅的制作误差和双层平台结构误差进行了分析,结果表明,在能够保证的误差范围内,该单色仪的光谱质量可以较好地满足户外光谱分析的要求。 相似文献
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一步法设计单色仪凹面全息光栅 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
凹面全息光栅是光谱分析仪器的核心器件之一,其成像质量直接决定了光谱分析仪器的分辨本领。利用光程函数理论设计凹面全息光栅是一个繁琐的求解非线性方程组的过程,该过程分两步进行,每步需要求解四个非线性方程。分两步求解不但过程麻烦,还不可避免地引入了取舍误差,降低了最优参数的精度。为了解决该问题,本文提出了一种设计单色仪凹面全息光栅的新方法——一步法,该方法不但可以简化求解过程、降低最优参数的误差,还可以方便地控制整体像差的变化趋势。采用有较强全局搜索能力的遗传算法求解该方法中非线性方程的极值问题,并与传统的方法对比验证了该方法的可行性和正确性,结果表明,一步法不但在方法上比两步法简便,其设计结果还优于两步法。 相似文献
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本文讨论了喇曼分光仪中杂散光测试工作的实施方案及其存在的困难,提出了用改变光吸收液体浓度方便地增减光强进行测试的解决办法,利用普通仪器就能实现光强变化达十三个数量级的测试。文章给出了利用这一减光方法对喇曼分光仪的杂散光进行实际测试的实验装置,绘出了对SD-Ⅱ和SD-IV型全息凹面光栅单色仪以及双单色仪杂散光的实际测试结果。作者还对统一杂散光指标的测试条件提出了建议。 相似文献
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苹果可溶性固形物近红外光谱检测的偏最小二乘回归变量筛选研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了提高苹果可溶性固形物含量近红外光谱校正模型的预测能力和稳健性,分别采用反向区间偏最小二乘法、遗传算法和连续投影算法,筛选苹果可溶性固形物的近红外光谱变量,并建立了偏最小二乘回归模型。利用遗传算法筛选的141个变量建立的校正模型,预测效果最好,与全谱建立的校正模型比较,预测相关系数,从0.93提高到0.96,预测均方根误差,从0.30°Brix降低到0.23°Brix。实验结果表明遗传算法结合偏最小二乘回归方法,有效地提高了苹果可溶性固形物近红外光谱检测模型的预测精度。 相似文献
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阻尼最小二乘法用于激光诱导击穿光谱重叠特征谱线分离提取 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,激光诱导击穿广谱技术发展迅速。作为一种用于物质成分探测的新技术,它具有简单、快速、无需复杂样品制备、多种元素同时检测等优点,可实现待测样品物质成分现场、在线的检测,在很多领域都极具应用前景。激光诱导击穿光谱特征谱线的分离拟合提取是光谱特征识别与后续元素浓度定量反演研究的基础。为实现激光诱导击穿光谱重叠特征谱线的有效分离拟合提取,采用阻尼最小二乘法,分析并确定了迭代前的初始拟合参数值,实现了在重叠特征谱线情况下对某火力发电厂粉煤灰中的铬元素特征谱线的分离提取。阻尼最小二乘法基于高斯-牛顿迭代,在迭代步长中引入阻尼因子,在迭代的过程中根据每一步迭代后所反馈的信息动态的调整迭代步长,从而有效防止了迭代的发散,保证了迭代的快速收敛,最终使得元素特征谱线拟合提取的效果更佳、所得到的特征谱线强度值更准确。分别采用阻尼最小二乘法和最小二乘法对不同浓度的样品中铬元素特征谱线进行分离拟合提取并给出特征谱线的强度值,作出特征谱线强度值关于元素浓度的定标曲线并对比两种方法所得结果的线性相关性。结果表明,阻尼最小二乘法所得结果的线性相关性更高,该方法稳定、可靠,适用于激光诱导击穿光谱重叠特征谱线的分离拟合提取。 相似文献
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Automatic lens design is viewed as a multiobjective optimization problem and is resolved by a minimization of the weighted Tchebycheff norm of objective functions. It is analytically solved using the multiplier method and a solution vector is transformed into the same form as the normal equation of the least squares method. Some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The resultant solutions can not be obtained using the damped least squares method. 相似文献
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In designing lenses with the damped least squares method, the solution obtained by optimization routine is a local minimum of the merit function. To get out of this and seek a different solution, we propose to use an ‘escape function’ as an additional operand of the lens system, to be controlled. Experiments were made on simple models of merit function and the advantage of this technique was ascertained. We also planted this algorithm into OSLO SIX (lens design software by Sinclair Optics) by means of CCL (C-compatible language) and applied it to actual lens design. Experiments convinced us that the method would be an effective tool for global optimization. 相似文献
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针对混沌时间序列的预测问题,考虑到单一核函数的最小二乘支持向量机无法明显提高预测精度,提出了一种组合核函数的最小二乘支持向量机预测模型,模型中采用多项式函数与径向基函数组合构建核函数.同时,还对遗传算法进行了改进,使之具有更快的收敛速度和更高的精度,改进的遗传算法适用于解决预测模型中的参数优化问题.通过典型的Lorenz时间序列、Mackey-Glass时间序列、太阳黑子数时间序列以及具有混沌特性的网络流量时间序列对该模型进行了验证.仿真结果表明所提出的模型是有效的. 相似文献
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A method was developed for solving zoom lens layout. It can be used to solve both the optically and the mechanically compensated zoom systems. The number of moving components is not limited by this method. The damped least squares method is used for finding the solution of zoom lens and the polynomial equations are used for fitting zoom run during the optimization process. Several constraints are also used for smoothing and minimizing the sensitivity of the zoom system. The principles of the method are described, together with some examples that are given to confirm the techniques. 相似文献
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Digital image correlation (DIC) method using iterative least squares algorithm (ILS) for displacement field measurement and pointwise least squares algorithm (PLS) for strain field measurement is proposed in this paper. A more general and practical intensity change model is employed with consideration of the linear intensity change of the deformed image, followed by an iterative least squares algorithm for calculating displacement field with sub-pixel accuracy. The concept of correlation function is not used in the ILS method, even though we prove that the algorithm is actually equivalent to the optimization of the sum of squared difference correlation function using improved Newton–Raphson method. Besides, different from the conventional strain estimation approaches based on smoothing the displacement fields first and followed by differentiation of the smoothed displacement fields, a simple yet effective PLS algorithm is proposed for extracting strain fields from the computed displacement fields. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed techniques is verified through numerical simulation experiments. A practical application of the algorithms to residual plastic deformation field measurement of GH4169 alloy subjected to tensile fatigue is also presented. 相似文献