离子交换色谱中混合保留机理的研究

鉴于离子交换色谱中被测离子和有机聚合物树脂之间存在的吸附作用, 选择阴离子交换色谱柱IonPacAS9-HC为研究对象, 针对离子交换色谱中的吸附保留行为, 从色谱混合保留机理的角度出发, 考虑各色谱柱固定相含量和界面吸附面积的不同, 建立柱间保留的相互关系方程. 在五根不同批号IonPacAS9-HC (250 mm×2 mm I.D.)柱上, 以含50%乙腈(V/V)的9 mmol/L Na₂CO₃为流动相, 0.25 mL/min流速, 对12个不同结构类型的无机和有机阴离子(氟离子、氯离子、硫酸根、磷酸根、二羟基丁酸、丙酮酸、乙酸、丙烯酸、苯甲酸、丙二酸、酒石酸和邻苯二甲酸)的保留行为进行研究, 并采用推导所得的混合保留机理模型对溶质这一保留特征进行表征, 结果较为理想, 其中一价离子的相关系数为0.9～0.999, 二价离子的相关系数为0.999～1, 为离子交换色谱中吸附保留行为的研究提供了新方法.     

氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定涂料中氯和溴的含量

涂料中有机化合物通过氧弹燃烧转化为无机离子,其中可溶性氯和溴离子被吸收液吸收后,经离子色谱仪测定。采用IonPacAS22(4 mm×250 mm)阴离子色谱柱,IonPacAG22保护柱,以4.5 mmol/L Na2CO3-1.4 mmol/L NaHCO3为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min。氯和溴离子的质量浓度在1～20 mg/L范围内分别与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,平均加标回收率为94.7%～96.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.0%(n=6)。该方法检测时间短、损失量少,适用于涂料中氯和溴含量的测定。     

膜处理-离子色谱法测定碳酸钡中的杂质阴离子

建立了一种膜处理-离子交换色谱测定碳酸钡中痕量杂质阴离子(F^-、SO₄^2-和NO₃^-)的方法。碳酸钡是一种难溶于水的固体,因此选用酸对其进行溶解。为了减少酸根离子的影响,利用阳离子膜只能通过阳离子而阻碍阴离子交换的特点,用质量分数为7%的盐酸溶解阳离子交换膜内的碳酸钡样品,稀释100倍,过0.22 μ m滤膜,进样分析,进样体积为25 μ L。经流速为1 mL/min的20 mmol/L KOH淋洗液淋洗,目标离子经过Ion Pac AG11-HC保护柱(50 mm×4 mm)和Ion Pac AS11-HC阴离子交换色谱柱(250 mm×4 mm)进行分离,最后由抑制电导进行检测。在优化的色谱条件下,该方法在0.01~5.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R²≥0.9996。相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.87%~2.19%,检出限(S/N=3)为1.37~9.45 μ g/L。将该方法应用于实际样品的检测中,得到样品的加标回收率为84.0%~106.2%。该方法实现了固体碳酸钡中杂质阴离子含量的测定,为水不溶性固体物质中的离子检测提供了依据,具有较好的应用前景。     

在线富集/高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定玩具中超痕量可迁移六价铬

采用在线富集/高效液相色谱(HPLC)与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术,建立了玩具中超痕量可迁移六价铬的测定方法。以10 mmol/L硝酸铵为流动相,样品在Agilent BIO WAX NP5阴离子交换柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,5μm)中富集,再通过阀切换,以75 mmol/L硝酸铵将六价铬洗脱至Dionex AG7阴离子柱(4.0 mm×50 mm,10μm)中分离,最后经ICP-MS进行分析。优化得到在线富集时间为4 min,进样量为900μL,富集流速为0.4 mL/min,洗脱流速为0.6 mL/min。结果显示,六价铬在2～20 ng/L范围内线性良好,检出限为1.93 ng/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.9%。与直接进样相比,浓缩因子约为8.1倍,富集效率约为90%。对欧盟玩具安全指令2009/48/EC规定的3类玩具材料在5、10 ng/L的浓度水平下进行加标回收,回收率为93.4%～111%。     

冻干粉针用溴化丁基胶塞中溴化物的迁移及安全性评价

建立了对溴化丁基胶塞中溴化物的提取方法,考察了胶塞中溴化物在冻干粉中的浸出水平. 采用IonPac AS 11-HC色谱柱(4.0 mm×250 mm)和IonPac AS 11-HC保护柱(4.0 mm×50 mm),24 mmol/L KOH淋洗液等度洗脱,AERS 500(4 mm)阴离子抑制器及电导检测器,抑制器电流60 mA,柱温30 ℃,流速1.0 mL/min. 溴化物在0.2~10.0 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r＝0.999 9),检出限(LOD)为0.007 mg/L. 冻干粉针用溴化丁基胶塞以30%异丙醇水溶液为提取溶剂,80 ℃下保持7 h后测定提取液中溴化物含量. 冻干粉采用超纯水复溶后直接测定溴化物迁移量,迁移试验平均回收率为98.1%~104.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.9%~4.3%. 方法可用于包材相容性研究中实际样品的检测.     

离子色谱法测定饱和卤水中痕量碘离子

建立了一种在线样品预处理、脉冲安培检测饱和卤水中痕量I-的离子色谱新方法。进样体积为50μL,选用Cryptand C1浓缩柱富集I-,并用10 mmol/L NaOH洗脱样品中的基体Cl-。用0.5 mmol/L NaOH将I-从浓缩柱转移到保护柱柱端。用IonPac AS20阴离子交换柱,25 mmol/L NaOH淋洗分离,结合脉冲安培银工作电极检测。I-检出限为0.07μg/L(3倍基线噪音);I-在5~1000μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9995)。50μg/L的I-溶液连续进样9次,峰高相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%。     

离子色谱/直接电导法测定利格列汀药物中三氟乙酸残留

建立了离子色谱/直接电导法测定利格列汀药物中三氟乙酸残留的方法。利格列汀药物经二氯甲烷溶解后加水进行萃取,水相过滤膜后直接进样。采用EGⅢ在线发生20 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液,以Ionpac AS11-HC(4 mm×25 cm)色谱柱及Ionpac AG11-HC(4 mm×5 cm)保护柱进行分离,流速为1.2 m L/min,ASRS 500-4 mm阴离子抑制器和电导检测器抑制并直接检测,抑制电流60 m A,柱温30℃,进样体积25μL。结果表明,三氟乙酸与碳酸根离子及其他成分的分离度良好,三氟乙酸在0.848~6.46μg/m L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 4),检出限(LOD)为0.031 8μg/m L,定量下限(LOQ)为0.106μg/m L。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于利格列汀药物中三氟乙酸残留的检测。     

在线中和富集-离子色谱法测定高纯氢氧化钠中痕量阴离子

建立了在线中和、富集待测离子后用离子色谱对高纯氢氧化钠中痕量阴离子进行检测的分析方法。样品经超纯水溶解、稀释后直接进样。试样经外接纯水输送至In Guard H消除OH-基体干扰,然后经过富集柱浓缩待测阴离子,再经阀切换技术进入离子色谱系统,以淋洗液发生器产生的KOH为淋洗液,流速为1.0m L/min,采用Ion Pac AS11-HC分析柱分离后,电导检测器检测。结果表明,在0.1~10.0 mg/L的线性范围内,氯离子、硫酸根、氯酸根的线性相关系数分别为0.999 8,0.999 6和0.999 2。方法对于氯离子、硫酸根、氯酸根的检出限分别为0.03,0.07,0.06 mg/kg,加标回收率分别为92%~104%,91%~111%和92%~106%,相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于2.0%。     

梯度淋洗离子色谱法同时测定西兰花中6种无机阴离子

构建一种利用梯度淋洗离子色谱技术分析西兰花中Cl-、Br-、NO2-、NO3-、PO43-和SO42-6种无机阴离子含量的方法.梯度淋洗色谱离子体系为DIONEX Ion Pac AS11-HC(4 mm×250 mm)色谱柱,流速1.0 mL/min,抑制器电流80 mA,KOH淋洗液梯度淋洗.6种阴离子线性相关系数...     

离子色谱法测定电厂水中的有机酸和无机阴离子

建立离子色谱梯度淋洗抑制电导法测定电厂水中有机酸和无机阴离子的方法。选用Ion Pac AG11–HC(50 mm×4 mm)阴离子保护柱和Ion Pac AS11–HC(250 mm×4 mm)阴离子分析柱对样品进行分离,以氢氧化钾溶液梯度淋洗,自再生抑制电导检测器检测,同时测定电厂水中的有机酸和无机阴离子。F–,Cl–,NO2–,Br–,NO3–的线性范围为0.005~2 mg/L,CH3COO–,HCOO–,SO42–,PO43–的线性范围为0.01~5 mg/L,各组分线性相关系数为0.998 9~0.999 3,检出限为0.122~0.989 ng/m L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2.0%(n=7),样品加标平均回收率为97.9%~101.7%。该方法操作简便,实用性强,可以用于电厂水中有机酸和无机阴离子的检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).