在线富集/高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定玩具中超痕量可迁移六价铬

采用在线富集/高效液相色谱(HPLC)与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术,建立了玩具中超痕量可迁移六价铬的测定方法。以10 mmol/L硝酸铵为流动相,样品在Agilent BIO WAX NP5阴离子交换柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,5μm)中富集,再通过阀切换,以75 mmol/L硝酸铵将六价铬洗脱至Dionex AG7阴离子柱(4.0 mm×50 mm,10μm)中分离,最后经ICP-MS进行分析。优化得到在线富集时间为4 min,进样量为900μL,富集流速为0.4 mL/min,洗脱流速为0.6 mL/min。结果显示,六价铬在2～20 ng/L范围内线性良好,检出限为1.93 ng/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.9%。与直接进样相比,浓缩因子约为8.1倍,富集效率约为90%。对欧盟玩具安全指令2009/48/EC规定的3类玩具材料在5、10 ng/L的浓度水平下进行加标回收,回收率为93.4%～111%。     

固定投资回报型合同节水管理项目收益分配模型

合同节水管理(WSMC)是一种用节约的水费支付改造成本并获取收益的节水模式,主要涉及用户与节水服务公司两个参与方。本文研究用户无法观测节水服务公司行动条件下固定投资回报型WSMC中的收益分配问题,该模式优先偿还投资,其次分享收益的特征需要激励机制诱使节水服务公司增加节水收益。首先,选取改造成本和节水量作为激励因素,设计用户对节水服务公司的激励合同,并构建节水量产出函数。其次,以用户的期望效用最大化为目标,建立用户对节水服务公司的激励模型并采用逆推法求解模型。再次,对均衡结果进行分析,结果表明:节水服务公司的最优成本分享比例和最优节水量分享比例与风险规避程度、努力成本系数和项目不确定性负相关;此外,最优节水量分享比例与综合能力正相关。最后,通过数值分析探讨分享比例和努力程度随合同参数的变化情况。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法测定大鼠血浆中的N6-羟苄腺苷北大核心CSCD

建立了测定大鼠血浆中N6-羟苄腺苷的超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS)分析方法,并应用于N6-羟苄腺苷药代动力学研究。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(150 mm×3 mm,1.8μm)对目标物分离,以0.2%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱;以6-苄氨基嘌呤作为内标,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下进行定量分析。结果表明:N6-羟苄腺苷在0.625~160 ng/mL的范围内线性关系良好(r>0.99);方法的回收率在88.41%~108.26%之间;检出限达到0.1 ng/mL;日内和日间准确度(以RE计,RE=(测定浓度-加标浓度)/加标浓度×100%)均在±15%之内,精密度(以RSD计)均小于6%。该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,重现性好,结果准确,可用于N6-羟苄腺苷的血药浓度监测及药代动力学研究。     

Field Electron Emission from Caterpillar-Like Clavae Nano-Structure Carbon Thin Films

Nano-carbon films with large density of caterpillar-like clavae are synthesized by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition using a mixture of methane and hydrogen gases on Mo film substrates. The films are characterized by Raman spectra, optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Field electron emission measurements of nano-carbon films are also carried out to show the turn-on field as low as 1.5 V/μm and the high current density of 2.2mA/cm^2 at electric field of 5.TV/μm, the uniformly distributed emission site density from a broad well-proportioned emission area of about 4.0cm^2 is also obtained. The field- emission current density J versus macroscopic electric field E does not follow the original Fowler-Nordheim （F-N） relation since they are not well represented in the F-N plot by a straight line. A modified F-N relation is applied successfully to explain all the field-emission data observed for E 〈 6.0 V/μm.     

Electroluminescence of double-doped diamond thin films

A new electroluminescence device is fabricated by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition system and electron beam vapour deposition system. It is comprised of highly doped silicon/diamond/boron/nitrogen-doped diamond/indium tin oxide thin films. Effects of process parameters on morphologies and structures of the thin films are detected and analysed by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectrometer and x-ray photoelectron spectrometer. A direct-current (DC) power supply is used to drive the electroluminescence device. The blue light emission with a luminance of 1.2 cd·m 2 is observed from this double-doped diamond thin film electroluminescence device at an applied voltage of 105 V.     

Field emissions of graphene films deposited on different substrates by CVD system

<正>Graphene films are deposited on copper(Cu) and aluminum(Al) substrates,respectively,by using a microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition technique.Furthermore,these graphene films are characterized by a field emission type scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM),Raman spectra,and field emission(FE) I-V measurements.It is found that the surface morphologies of the films deposited on Cu and Al substrates are different:the field emission property of graphene film deposited on the Cu substrate is better than that on the Al substrate,and the lowest turn-on field of 2.4 V/μm is obtained for graphene film deposited on the Cu substrate.The macroscopic areas of the graphene samples are all above 400 mm~2.