非肽类SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶抑制剂的设计与活性表征

SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶是SARS病毒复制过程中的主要蛋白酶, 针对其开展药物设计有望得到有效的抗SARS病毒药物. 本文基于SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶的三维结构, 对现有化学试剂及临床用药数据库进行虚拟筛选, 选出可能对SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶有抑制的非肽化合物进行初步活性测试, 并研究了已知的人鼻病毒3C蛋白酶抑制剂对SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶的活性, 合成了两种母环的衍生物, 得到靛红和哌嗪两类SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶的抑制剂, 其中一个靛红类化合物的IC₅₀为0.76 µmol•L^－1; 而抗组胺药哌嗪类化合物对SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶及细胞培育的SARS病毒的抑制作用, 提示了老药可以开发出新的用途.     

六钼酸盐有机胺杂化衍生物与SARS-CoV 3CLpro相互作用的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法, 在分子水平上探讨六钼酸盐有机杂化衍生物潜在的抗SARS病毒活性. 3CLpro主蛋白酶是冠状病毒复制和转录过程中起关键作用的功能蛋白, 因此采用SARS-CoV 3CLpro作为靶标进行抗SARS病毒的药物设计. 使用Insight II软件包中的Biopolymer, Discover 3, Profile-3D和Affinity等模块, 研究 POMs/3CLpro相互作用的结合位点和作用性质. 研究其能量变化规律, 探讨了多酸化合物对SARS病毒可能的抑制机理. 研究结果表明, POMs与3CLpro在酶的催化活性位点处有较强的结合力. 形成的复合物主要以静电相互作用相结合, 氢键相互作用对复合物的相对稳定性有一定影响. 对于POMs/3CLpro复合物, 有机胺基团取代的POMs所带负电荷比未取代体系的高, 比3CLpro的结合能更高, 这与POMs的相关量子化学计算结果吻合.     

微流控振荡流反转录聚合酶链式反应快速检测烟草花叶病毒

建立了一种基于毛细管的振荡流反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)的微流控装置检测烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的新方法.根据TMV移动蛋白基因设计一对PCR引物,对粗提纯TMV颗粒直接进行RT-PCR.用0.025%小牛血清蛋白(BSA)对反应毛细管内壁进行静力学和动力学钝化,提高了PCR效率.在此微流控装置上进行RT-PCR,流速为70 μL/min时, 检出限为0.01 μg cDNA;可以在17 min内成功扩增出179 bp的目的DNA片段.     

检测SARS－CoV－2的电化学生物传感器研究进展

电化学传感器因具有灵敏、便携、稳健性高、小型化、成本低、无需前处理、检测快速等优点,在严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS－CoV－2）检测领域受到广泛关注。该文介绍了致病菌SARS－CoV－2的组成部分,综述了基于病毒表面的刺突蛋白、病毒内部核衣壳蛋白和核糖核酸（RNA） 3种可特异性检测SARS－CoV－2的电化学生物传感器的研究进展,并对比了3种类型电化学生物传感器的检出限、检测时间、动态监测范围等关键参数。同时与其他检测SARS－CoV－2的方法进行对比,分析了电化学生物传感器的优劣势;最后指出了未来可通过优化检测电极材料及反应条件、修饰检测探针等方面提升电化学生物传感器性能,以实现对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID－19）患者的早发现、早隔离及早治疗,同时为设计现场快速诊断COVID－19设备提供有力支撑。     

我国SARS疫苗研制取得突破

我国SARS冠状病毒灭活疫苗的研制工作又迈过一道“门槛”:灵长类动物感染模型已经取得突破性进展,两项灭活疫苗研究已完成实验室制备,免疫灵长类动物实验进展比较顺利。 实验表明,用SARS冠状病毒灭活疫苗免疫的猴子,在注射后只出现体温轻微升高,未见其它临床、病理、生化指标异常,也未检出灭活疫苗的病毒活性。各项指标表明,此灭活疫苗是安全的。同时,免疫后的猴子体内产生厂SARS冠     

截短新型冠状病毒N蛋白在荧光层析法上的应用

基于截短新型冠状病毒(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)N蛋白和全长N蛋白,采用荧光免疫层析技术,建立了一种高灵敏度快速评价新型冠状病毒肺炎患者体内SARS-CoV-2抗体水平的方法。以荧光微球为标记物制备试纸条,进行阴性和阳性检测并选出较优抗原配对组合。初步评价了其精密度与稳定性,并与已上市的检测方法进行对比。根据阴性和阳性检测结果优选截短N蛋白标记,全长N蛋白包被组合,所建立的方法可以在 15 min内完成SARS-CoV-2抗体水平的检测,能够有效区分阴阳性,批内精密度CV为3.48%~10.05%,批间精密度CV为4.77%~11.73%。试纸条在37 ℃条件下能够稳定保存21 d,与胶体金检测法一致性较好,总符合率为96.13%,阳性符合率为90.63%,阴性符合率为97.56%。该研究基于截短N蛋白初步建立的荧光免疫层析检测方法能有效评价患者体内的SARS-CoV-2抗体水平,具有良好的精密度和稳定性,便于在基层医疗单位推广,有较好的应用前景。     

重组HEV衣壳蛋白截短体的表达及鉴定

戊型肝炎(HE)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)感染引起的肠道病毒性传染病. HEV是一种无囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒, 其编码区由3个开放阅读框(ORF)组成, 属戊型肝炎病毒科. HEV衣壳蛋白由ORF2编码. 本研究根据编码HEV ORF2 aa382~aa674的核苷酸序列克隆了p293基因, 并将其克隆入原核表达载体pET28a, 利用大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)对HEV衣壳蛋白截短体(p293)进行了表达. SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测结果表明, 在优化的表达条件下(1 mmol/L IPTG, 250 r/min, 37℃, 5 h), 重组蛋白p293能够在大肠杆菌内有效表达, 目的蛋白约占总蛋白的66.15%. TEM检测结果显示, 原核表达的p293能够在体外形成约30~40 nm的病毒样颗粒. 免疫印迹和免疫荧光检测结果表明, p293与HEV标准阳性血清具有良好的反应原性和反应特异性. 实验结果表明, p293可应用于HEV宿主吸附和病毒装配研究, 为HEV的预防与诊断研究奠定了基础.     

分离技术在新型冠状病毒研究和防疫检测中的应用

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的爆发给世界公共卫生安全带来前所未有的挑战。随着新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)相关研究的不断深入,众多分析检测技术相继被应用,推动了病毒检测、疫苗和创新疗法的研发,从而使疫情早日得到控制。分离技术作为生命科学、医学、药学领域的关键技术,操作简单,分离效率高,选择性强,在新型冠状病毒的分离、检测、诊疗及防疫中起到不可替代的作用。该文以SARS-CoV-2或COVID-19为关键词在ISI Web of Science中进行主题检索,归纳了2020年度新型冠状病毒相关的研究论文,简要介绍主要的研究方向,并对国际顶级学术期刊Nature, Science, Cell的论文发表情况进行了统计。通过检索影响因子较高的期刊,综述了新型冠状病毒研究中主要应用的分离技术,并从亲和色谱和尺寸排阻色谱、液相色谱、磁珠分离、离心、微纳分离以及电泳6个方面进行说明。综述统计了亲和色谱和尺寸排阻色谱纯化的病毒相关蛋白,并介绍了其在新型冠状病毒传播、感染机制以及药物筛选中的应用;介绍了液相色谱对病毒候选药物评估以及复杂基质中单一成分的鉴定;介绍了磁珠分离在细胞分离、核酸提取和免疫学检测中的应用;介绍了离心对病毒颗粒、细胞以及血清的分离;介绍了微纳分离结合其他技术以实现病毒蛋白的高灵敏检测;简要介绍了电泳在聚合酶链式反应(PCR)产物分析中的应用。该文综述了2020年度新型冠状病毒研究和防疫检测中分离技术的应用情况,分析了分离技术在新型冠状病毒检测中发挥的作用,旨在为从事分离研究的科研工作者提供一些参考。     

带有人Ⅸ因子cDNA的反转录病毒载体的构建及其在血友病B患者皮肤成纤维细胞中的高效转移和表达

本文报道对血友病B实施基因治疗的可能性,首先将由SV40早期启动子,小鼠MT-1启动子和反转录病毒LTR启动子控制的Ⅸ因子cDNA构建到反转录病毒载体,然后用电穿孔法将构建的4个反转录病毒载体分别转入一株Amphotropic辅助细胞,PA317细胞,再用一株人纤维肉瘤细胞,HT1080细胞,测定这些辅助细胞的产病毒滴度,可得到2×10~4CFU/ml到5×10~5CFU/ml左右的病毒感染颗粒,用ELISA分别测定转有不同病毒载体的PA317细胞的Ⅸ因子蛋白产量,发现LTR启动子的表达效率最高,Ⅸ因子蛋白的分泌速率可达584ng/10~6细胞/24h,而SV40早期启动子和MT-1启动子的表达效率分别只有它的1/10和1/20,将表达效率最高的反转录病毒载体pXL—Ⅸ 1转入一株取自血友病B患者原代培养的皮肤成纤维细胞后同样能产生较高浓度的Ⅸ因子蛋白,其分泌速率可达549ng/10~6细胞/24h,其中75％以上的Ⅸ因子具有凝血活性,从而达到了首先在体外培养细胞纠正Ⅸ因子基因缺陷的目的,实现了血友病B基因治疗的第一步。     

CCLS抗癌注射液体外抑制SARS-冠状病毒实验观察

介绍了CCLS抗癌注射液体外抑制SARS冠状病毒药效实验与结果.实验包括预备实验与正式实验.通过采用病毒细胞(CPE)法,对不同浓度的CCLS注射液药液在VERO E6细胞培养内,对2株SARS冠状病毒进行抑制作用的实验观察,结果表明CCLS注射液对冠状病毒有一定的抑制效果.半数有效浓度(IC50)为781.3 μg·ml-1,最小有效浓度(MIC)为390.6 μg·ml-1,治疗指数(TI)为16.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.