分析666、DDT残留量的快速色谱柱

有机氯农药系多组份的混合物,且它们之间互为异构体或代谢物,这给分离工作带来一定的困难.自从Thompson等报导用1.5％OV-17/1.95％QF-1涂制色谱柱以来,国内外推荐的方法或标准方法中普遍采用这种柱子进行有机氯农药的气相色谱分析。其结果,8个组份全分离需15至20分钟,而涂得差的柱子,难分离物质对还不能完全分离。前两年曾     

国产色层纸定性分离三聚磷酸钠

三聚磷酸钠广泛用于合成洗涤剂工业,锅炉给水软化剂,肉禽食品添加剂等。工业三聚磷酸钠通常是三聚磷酸钠含量为85～95％,焦磷酸钠含量为4～15％,1％的正磷酸钠和偏磷酸钠等的混合物。对其组成的纸上色层定性分离,国内尚未报道。文献介绍,对三聚磷酸钠组分的分离,有上行纸上色层法,螺旋纸上色层法,离心纸上色层法。本文用国产新华3~#色层纸、以上行法,常温下对三聚磷酸钠组份进行定性分离,获得满意的分离图谱。     

串接反应色谱法对甲醇催化脱水产物的一次性分析

提出一种用微反应色谱法来研究甲醇气相脱水制备二甲磨灭 的色谱分析流程,可以一次性分析得到气相和液相组份的定量数据,实现在线化实时分析,避免通常必须对液相组份进行冷凝然后单独对液相组份进行化学分析,流程的安排是：首先用一个色谱柱将甲醇脱水产物中的水、甲醇、乙醇完全分离并与其他组份分开,在氢化钙转化反应器中,将已经分离的水、甲醇、乙醇集资转化成氢,用热导检测器测定,在吕接的第二个色谱柱中实现其它组份的     

铜、钴、镍同时分离工艺的研究

稀土体系三种元素同时分离的工艺最近已有发表,但非稀土方面的工作尚未见报导.对Cu、Co、Ni三种元素,通常是将Cu、Co作为一个组份与Ni分离.本工作对组成为Cu:Co:Ni=1:1:1的水相合成料液设计了两种工艺,进行了串级实验,实现了该三种元素的同时分离, 串级实验以HEH(EHP)作萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂,其它试剂均用分析纯.     

阳离子交换树脂分离-偏最小二乘光度法测定地质样品中的金、铂、钯、铑

本文采用阳离子交换树脂分离地质样品中的贱金属元素，利用偏最小二乘回归光度法在Mn＋－SnCl2－丁基罗丹明B－阿拉伯胶－乳化剂OP高灵敏的离子缔合物体系中对金、铂、钯、铑同时进行测定。结果表明，该方法灵敏度高，操作简便，可同时测定地质样品中痕量贵金属元素金、铂、钯、铑，其标准回入回收率为92．4％～107％。     

氧化钴中钴的电解分离和钠、钙、镁的测定

氧化钴是硬质合金的原料,钠、钙、镁对合金性质影响很大,为消除钴及杂质元素对测定的干扰,常用离子交换和汞阴极电解法分离,其手续长,耗汞大,空白不够稳定。光谱法需高分辨率仪器。本文用石墨和铂网电极分离钴和杂质元素后,用空气-乙炔焰,火焰分光光度法测定钠,原子吸收法测定钙和镁,测定下限分别为0.0010％、0.0020％和0.00030％、方法快速准确。     

丙烯酸酯纳米乳液的制备与表征

将甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)与甲基丙烯酸(MAA)或丙烯酸(AA)用作甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)／丙烯酸丁酯(BA)乳液聚合体系的反应性助乳化剂，采用一种改进的微乳液聚合方法，合成了高单体／乳化剂比例(大于40：1)的聚丙烯酸酯纳米乳液．讨论了引发剂、乳化剂、助乳化别对乳胶粒大小和胶膜吸水率的影响，并对乳液的流体力学行为，共聚物的拉伸行为及耐水性等进行了研究．     

具有疑似爆炸性的未知复杂样品分析方法研究

提出了一种综合分析鉴定含有疑似爆炸物的未知复杂多成分样品的方法:依托水分离方法分离样品组份,使不同组分分离到不同样品中,然后对各样品进行X射线衍射分析,对部分疑难样品进行扫描电镜、能谱仪等辅助手段分析。对江苏省某次刑侦案件送检样品进行鉴定,分析出其主要组份为硫磺、硝酸钾、高氯酸钾和铝粉等,含量分别为29.6%,26.7%,18.8%和9.7%等,最终确认样品为铝化炸药。该方法去除了样品的爆炸性,提高了鉴定准确度和定量精度,具有推广使用的价值。     

ICP—AES法测定污水中的锌,铜,镍,镉

以氢氧化镧为共沉淀剂,对污水中锌、铜、镍、镉进行共沉淀分离富集后,用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法进行测定。在２５０ｍＬ污水中加入４．０ｍＬ镧溶液及３．０ｍＬ ＮａＯＨ溶液,使四种元素定量分离回收。测试结果表明,各元素的回收率在９８％～１０６％之间。     

阳离子交换树脂分离—偏最小二乘光度法测定地质样品中的金,铂,…

本文采用阳离子交换树脂分离地质样品中的贱金属元素，利用偏最小二乘回归光度法在Ｍｎ＾＋－ＳｎＣｌ２－丁基罗丹明Ｂ－阿拉伯胶－乳化剂ＯＰ高灵敏的离子缔合物体系中对金、铂、钯、铑同时进行测定。结果表明，该方法灵敏度高，操作简便，可同时测定地质样品中痕量贵金属元素金、铂、钯、铑，其标准回入回收率为９２．４％￣１０７％。     

Temperature-induced phase separation in pseudoternary mixtures of Triton X-100–butanol–kerosene–water

The transparent Winsor IV domain in the phase diagram of the mixtures of emulsifier (Triton X-100 and butanol), oil (kerosene), and water is found to be 34% of the total phase diagram in presence of emulsifier with surfactant:cosurfactant::1:1, and is water dominant. Increase in cosurfactant/surfactant ratio inverts the Winsor IV domain to become oil rich. The plot of conductance of the microemulsions prepared by substituting water by brine against water content depicts the existence of three distinct phases like oil-in-water, bicontinuous, and water-in-oil microemulsion in the phase diagram. The phase contrast micrographs of the mixtures of different compositions in these three different phases reveal the existence of microdroplets of oil dispersed in water and water dispersed in oil. Further, the dynamic light scattering studies of these solutions reveal an inhomogeneity in the size distribution of the droplets. A temperature-induced clouding in the microemulsion domain leading to phase separation has been observed. Additives like glucose, sucrose, and sodium chloride decrease the cloud point (CP), while addition of ammonium thiocyanate increases it. A quantitative relationship of the clouding temperature with the composition of the microemulsion has been established. With increase in oil and emulsifier, the cloud point of the microemulsion increases. The separated phases after the clouding have been used for preconcentration of water-soluble metal ions as well as oil-soluble dyes. The turbid systems on heating led to separation into three isotropic phases which are found to be stable at ambient temperature. The stability of these phases is ascribed to the formation of stable microemulsions by mass transfer from one phase to other.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogel Nanoparticles Through Inverse Microemulsion Polymerization of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic Acid

Nanosized hydrogel particles prepared through inverse microemulsion polymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, using the combination of an oil soluble emulsifier (SPAN80) with a water soluble emulsifier (TWEEN 80), and precise determination of HLB range related to the formation of stable single phase microemulsions.

The effect of crosslink density, water phase to oil phase ratio, and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value on polymerization rate, particle size, and swelling ratio were investigated. It found that polymerization rate and particle size are strongly dependent on the water phase to oil phase ratio. Hydrogel samples prepared using oil soluble and water soluble initiators and the results showed that the initiator type had a great influence on monomer conversion and particle size. Effect of pH on equilibrium swelling of hydrogels was studied by dynamic light scattering and hydrogels showed pH-independent swelling behavior in a broad range of pH values. We also reported and discussed the crosslink density distribution in nanogels prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization.     

STUDY ON THE POLYMERIZATION KINETICS AND STABILITY OF P(UA)/MMA MICROEMULSION*

 Urethane acrylate anionomer (APUA) as a kind of new type polymerizable emulsifier was synthesized using 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of APUA was measured by the methods of conductance and surface tension. The comparative studies between polymerizable emulsifier AUPA and conventional emulsifier sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were carried out in the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Polymerization kinetics,stability, size and morphology of the latex particles were investigated. It was found that in APUA both water soluble initiator potassium persulfate (KPS) and oil soluble initiator 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) can start the reaction of MMA, and the polymerization rate and yield were very high. On using AIBN as an initiator, the conversion-time behavior of MMA with APUA as emulsifier was different to that of SDS as emulsifier, signifying a different nucleation mechanism of the polymer latex particle. The average size of the two kinds of particles is about 50 nm. The particle size decreases with increasing emulsifier concentration. On using KPS as the initiator, APUA as emulsifier, cross-linking hydrogel of PMMA would be formed, but SDS was used as emulsifier and the hydrogel of PMMA was not present.     

Composition Ripening in Mixed Water-in-Oil Emulsions Stabilized with Solid Particles

Water and oil transport in emulsified systems is far from being elucidated. Calorimetric analysis has proved to be an appropriate technique to study composition ripening in mixed water in oil emulsions. In this article, the role of the stabilizing agent is studied and particular attention is given to emulsions stabilized solely with solid particles. Mixed emulsions are prepared by mixing two simple water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, one with pure water droplets and one with droplets containing an aqueous urea solution. At different time intervals, a sample is introduced in a calorimeter cell and submitted to successive cooling and heating cycles. During the cooling phase, the aqueous internal phase solidifies at a temperature which depends on its composition. Just after the mixed emulsion was prepared, the calorimetric experiment identified two solidification peaks, one corresponding to pure water droplets, and the other one to urea solutions. After a long enough stabilization time, just one peak was observed, showing that the systems evolved toward one type of droplets characterized by a unique composition, due to water transfer between the two aqueous phases. The effect of emulsion stabilizing agent (particles or nonionic emulsifier) on the kinetics of water transfer was investigated.     

聚(甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯)的温度和pH敏感性及其对乳液稳定性的影响

甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯的均聚物(PDMAEMA)在水中的溶解性具有温敏性,即低温溶解、高温不溶,而且其低临界溶液温度(LCST)与pH密切相关.本文重点考察了PDMAEMA水溶液在不同温度、pH值、溶液离子强度时的相转变特性,并研究了水溶液中乳化剂对PDMAEMA的疏水相互作用和增溶稳定作用.将PDMAEMA的温敏相转变行为同有关乳液的稳定性相关联,揭示了改善乳液稳定性的内在机制.     

Microemulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate. IV. Effect of emulsifier concentration

The oil/water microemulsion polymerizations of butyl acrylate initiated by a water (ammonium peroxodisulfate, APS) or oil (dibenzoyl peroxide, DBP) soluble radical initiator at different emulsifier concentrations were investigated. The rate of polymerization vs. conversion curve shows two intervals. The rate of polymerization is found to decrease with the emulsifier concentration. This finding was discussed in terms of the decrease of both radical and monomer concentration, the chain transfer to emulsifier, desorption of chaintransferred radicals, and the contribution of solution polymerization. The polymerization is faster with APS. In the APS system the rate per particle or the number of radicals per particle increases exponentially with increasing particle size. The particle size and number increase during the whole polymerization. This behavior was discussed in terms of the nucleation of monomer-containing micelles and agglomeration of primary particles during the whole polymerization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

五彩湾煤中钠在热解过程中的形态变迁

采用不同萃取液进行了新疆准东五彩湾高钠煤萃取实验,并利用微波消解仪和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪,分析了原煤和不同萃取过程下制得的煤样中的钠元素,确定了五彩湾煤中钠的存在形式。在氮气氛围下进行了原煤及不同萃取过程下煤样的热解实验,分析了热解半焦中钠的存在形式并确定煤中不同存在形式钠在热解过程中的演变规律。结果表明,五彩湾煤中钠主要为水溶钠,有机钠主要以羧酸盐形式存在。450~650℃时,实验煤样热解过程中部分水溶钠和盐酸溶钠会转化为醋酸铵溶钠。在热解过程中,实验煤样中水溶钠和醋酸铵溶钠的析出主要集中于650~850℃,1050℃时则有部分盐酸溶钠析出,此时,在实验条件下钠的挥发达到最大值。煤样半焦中的钠主要以不可溶钠形式存在。     

MMA/BA/双官能团单体无皂共聚乳液的稳定性

用马来酸酐和(聚)乙二醇合成了一系列双官能团共单体,将其用于MMA/BA无皂乳液共聚合.研究了共单体的空间效应、用量、加料方式对其无皂乳液稳定性的影响.用适当的共单体和半连续加料方式,可得到较稳定的乳液,粒径分布接近单分散.凝聚物的生成机理主要是失稳凝聚和架桥凝聚.     

Protein foam application for enhanced oil recovery

Protein foam was explored as a foaming agent for enhanced oil recovery application in this study. The influence of salinity and oil presence on bulk stability and foamability of the egg white protein (EWP) foam was investigated. The results were compared with those of the classical surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) foam. The results showed that the EWP foam is more stable than the SDS foam in the presence of oil and different salts. Although, the SDS foam has more foamability than the EWP foam, however, at low to moderate salinities (1–3 wt% NaCl), both foam systems showed improvement in foamability. At a NaCl concentration of 4.0 wt% and above, foamability of the SDS foam started to decrease drastically while the foamability of the EWP foam remained the same. The presence of oil has a destabilizing effect on both foams but the EWP foam was less affected in comparison to the SDS foam. Moreover, increasing the aromatic hydrocarbon compound percentage in the added oil decreased the foamability and stability of the SDS foam more than EWP foams. This study suggests that the protein foam could be used as an alternative foaming agent for enhanced oil recovery application due to its high stability compared to the conventional foams.     

基于自组装溶胶凝胶法无机Janus纳米片的制备及其乳化性能研究

论文首先采用水解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物为乳化剂,正硅酸乙酯、亲油性硅烷偶联剂和亲水性硅烷偶联剂三种前驱体溶于石蜡做为油相(分散相),水为连续相,乳化分散后通过溶胶凝胶法,制备得到了表面亲水/内部亲油的核壳实心微球;然后超声清洗除去石蜡后得到了表面亲水/内部亲油的二氧化硅空心球,将其破碎后即得到了无机Janus纳米片.实...