活性炭微柱在线流动注射预富集-火焰原子吸收快速顺序测定铜、钴、镍、镉、铅的研究

采用双柱富集的流动注射在线预富集系统与220FS顺序多元素原子吸收分光光度计联用，使用圆锥型活性炭微柱为预富集柱，在pH4～5．5范围内，以吡咯啶二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)为络合剂，6mol／L HNO3为洗脱剂，实现了Cu、Co、Ni、Cd、Pb5种元素的快速顺序测定。该体系对以上5种元素的富集倍数为9．8～15．5之间，34s富集的检出限(3σ)Cu为1．81，Co为3．10，Ni为1．66，Cd为0．28，Pb为4．90μg/L；相对标准偏差Cu 1．13％；Co1．24％；Ni2．26％；Cd0．95％；Pb1．77％。     

串级萃取理论的发展历程及最新进展

20世纪70年代,徐光宪教授创建了串级萃取理论,建立了稀土串级萃取工艺的最优化参数计算方法。结合计算机技术,又建立了串级萃取工艺的静态参数设计和动态仿真计算技术,实现了工艺设计参数到工业规模生产应用的"一步放大"。近40年来,串级萃取理论及其计算方法始终引领和支撑着中国稀土分离技术的持续发展,同时,萃取工艺技术和装备的进步也不断地促进了该理论的丰富与完善。理论的适用范围由早期的恒定混合萃取比体系发展到非恒定混合萃取比体系,分离流程由两出口发展到三出口、多出口体系,并进一步发展为多入口、多出口的联动萃取工艺;串级萃取工艺的最优化参数计算方法也由两组份体系拓展至多组分分离体系,从单一工艺优化拓展到稀土全分离流程的整体优化。本文简要综述了串级萃取理论发展中的重要工作与应用情况,深入介绍了联动萃取工艺计算及流程优化等方面的最新进展及应用前景。     

用三组份同时分离法氨化萃取分离Gd—Tb—Dy

用普通分馏萃取工艺分离物质一次只能分离两个组份,若连续分离多种物质,则需很长工艺流程.文献[1]报导了用N_(26?)萃取分离La-Pr-Nd的三出口串级实验结果.本文报导用氨化HEH(EHP)同时萃取分离Gd-Tb-Dy的串级试验结果.     

二甲酚橙螯合形成纤维分离富集水中Cu、Co、Ni、Pb的性能研究

本文对二甲酚橙(xo)螯合形成纤维分离富集水中Cu、Co、Ni、Pb的性能进行了描述。VS-2型阴离子交换纤维在pH=6.0条件下能负载金属离子和XO的螯合物。实验表明:这种螯合形成纤维能预富集水中ppb级金属元素,回收率可达95％以上。这种螯合形成纤维有交换速度快,容易洗脱和容易再生的特点,并且一个交换柱(0.8×8cm)可以通过较大体积的溶液(3000ml)。此方法测定水中Cu、Co、Ni、Pb的精密度分别为1.54％、0.86％、3.06％、4.52％。     

以丙酮为流动相的纸上层析分离Ni2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+的机理探讨

依据纸上层析分离Ni2＋、Co2＋、Fe3＋、Cu2＋的比移值,对以含浓盐酸的丙酮作为流动相分离Ni2＋、Co2＋、Fe3＋、Cu2＋的机理进行了分析和讨论,解释了它们彼此分离现象的原因.对于从理论上指导选择合适的展开剂具有一定的实际意义.     

联动萃取分离流程设计理论的建立及其运用

稀土是对于现代工业发展至关重要的一组元素,全球对稀土产品的需求量仍在持续增长。然而,稀土的萃取分离生产过程始终伴随环境污染问题,降低酸碱消耗始终是稀土萃取分离理论与技术研究的追求目标。在串级萃取理论的指导下,稀土萃取分离工艺流程的运行经济性不断提升。尤其是2000年后联动萃取分离工艺的出现,使得稀土萃取分离流程的酸碱消耗水平显著降低。联动萃取工艺在逐步成为中国稀土分离工业基本技术的同时,也极大促进了串级萃取理论的发展。近年,以邻级杂质比概念的提出和分析为基础建立了联动萃取分离流程设计理论,其中推导得到的系列理论公式可用于设计具有理论最小萃取量和最小洗涤量的多组份联动萃取全分离流程,无需通过动态模拟和静态计算即可实现。该理论方法也可用于非联动萃取流程优化工艺参数的计算。另外,理论公式推导和运用的同时也增进了对稀土萃取分离过程物料运行规律的理解。     

稀土系贮氢合金中稀土总量的测定

试样经酸分解后,加氢氟酸沉淀稀土,分离除去Ni,Mn,Fe,Co等元素;用硝酸和高氯酸破坏滤纸并溶解沉淀,经氨水分离再次沉淀稀土,过滤去除Ni,Co,M g等元素;用盐酸溶解沉淀,在p H 1.8~2.0的条件下用草酸沉淀稀土,以分残余离Ni,Co,Al等杂质,灼烧至恒重完成稀土总量测定。本方法适合稀土总量的测定范围为25.00%~45.00%,测定结果相对标准偏差在0.39%~0.44%之间,标准加入回收率为98.7%~102.3%。同时选择8家试验室进行数据比对,并将精密度数据进行正态分布检验、等精度检验和可疑值检验,检验结果均符合要求。采用本方法测定贮氢合金中的稀土总量准确、稳定,可用于仲裁判定。     

Aliquat336络合萃取NdFeB盐酸浸出液中铁、钴的研究

NdFeB废料湿法回收技术中常采用中和除铁后萃取分离的方式进行酸浸液中有价元素的有效回收,传统方式工艺过程中不可避免的存在有价元素损失、二次废水污染的问题。基于绿色环保理念,优化现有工艺流程,探索一种离子液体萃取分离Fe/Co的方法,使Fe,Co元素能够较好分离,实现NdFeB废料的绿色回收。基于未经稀释的离子液体Aliquat336在高氯酸度条件下萃取Fe,Co不萃取稀土的特点,通过NH₄~+,Cl~-含量的调节,可实现Fe萃取的同时Co仍位于水相中,最终达到Fe,Co,稀土的分离。Fe在萃取过程中与Aliquat336的结合能力更强,因此较短的反应时间即可达到萃取平衡,这也是Fe能够优先萃取的重要原因之一。经实验得Fe与Aliquat336的萃取机制为离子络合,络合比为1∶1,相关FTIR(傅里叶红外光谱仪)表征显示Co与Aliquat336的萃取机制与Fe相同。由于Aliquat336萃取Co时可能是以较为复杂的钴铵氯络离子的形式进行的,因此在优先萃取Fe后需补充一定量的NH₄~+,Cl~-才能实现Co的萃取。经相关实验得：在实际NdF...     

气相色谱法研究配位化合物的热稳定性--ⅪⅩ.钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)、铜(Ⅱ)的水杨酸配位化合物的热稳定性

本文以气相色谱为主配合红外光谱、差热热重和X衍射等手段研究了Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)水杨酸配合物的热稳定性。实验结果表明,这些化合物在He和H_2中的热分解都经过三个过程:1.放出结晶水;2.放出Co_2,分解为羧酸盐;3.放出CO_2,产生呫(口辛)酮,最终分解为金属。实验表明Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的分解产物对CO2_加氢有催化剂作用。把以上实验与差热热重实验对照取得了更为园满的结果。     

草酸根桥联的Cu_2~ⅡFe~Ⅲ、Ni_2~ⅡFe~Ⅲ、Co_2~ⅡFe~Ⅲ异三核配合物的合成、表征及抗菌活性

合成了 7种草酸根桥联的 Cu 2 Fe 、Ni 2 Fe 、Co 2 Fe 异三核配合物 [M2 Fe(C2 O4) 3Lx](Cl O4) ,(M=Cu,L=bpy,Me2 phen,NO2 phen,x=2 ;M=Ni,Co,L=bpy,Me2 phen,x=4 ) .经元素分析、摩尔电导和磁性的测定以及红外光谱和电子光谱等方法对这些配合物进行了表征 ,确定了配合物的组成和结构 .初步生物活性试验表明形成异三核配合物后其杀菌活性明显提高     

Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cobalt, copper, lead and nickel traces in aragonite following flotation and extraction separation

A method of determination of Co, Cu, Pb and Ni in nanogram quantities from aragonite is presented. Flotation and extraction of Co, Cu, Pb and Ni is suggested as methods for elimination matrix interferences of calcium. The method of flotation is performed by iron(III) hexamethylenedithiocarbamate, Fe(HMDTC)(3), as a colloid precipitate collector. The liquid-liquid extraction of Co, Cu, Pb and Ni is carried out by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, NaDDTC, as complexing reagent into methylisobutyl ketone, MIBK. The electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) is used for determination of analytes. The detection limits of ETAAS followed by flotation are: 7.8 ng.g(-1) for Co, 17.1 ng.g(-1) for Cu, 7.2 ng.g(-1) for Pb and 9.0 mug.g(-1) for Ni. The detection limits of ETAAS followed by extraction are found to be: 12.0 ng.g(-1) for Co, 51.0 ng.g(-1) for Cu, 24.0 ng.g(-1) for Pb and 21.0 ng.g(-1) for Ni.     

Structural, morphological, and magnetic study of nanocrystalline cobalt-nickel-copper particles

Nanocrystalline Co(x)Ni(y)Cu(100-x-y) particles were synthesized by the reduction of metal acetates in a mixture of polyol and Tween 80. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis revealed that the actual wt% of Co, Ni, and Cu in these nanoparticles was nearly the same as in the starting solutions. The structures of the particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results of XRD and VSM confirmed that there was no metastable alloying in the particles. The particles were composites, consisting of nanoscale crystallites of face-centered cubic (fcc) Cu, face-centered cubic (fcc) Ni, and face-centered cubic (fcc) Co. During preparation the nucleation of Cu occurred first; then small Cu nuclei acted as cores for the precipitation of Co and Ni. The particles showed an increase in saturation magnetization (M(s)) as the concentration of Co or Ni in the particles was increased. The changes of both M(s) and coercivity of the particles with increasing annealing temperatures were studied. The coercivity of the particles was very high; it could reach as high as 489 Oe for Co34.3Ni31.2Cu34.5) .     

Tyrrellite,Cu(Co0.68Ni0.32)2Se4, isostructural with spinel

Tyrrellite, a naturally occurring Co–Ni–Cu selenide, has been studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It possesses the normal spinel‐type structure, with Cu occupying the tetrahedral site and (Co+Ni) the octahedral site. The average Cu—Se distance of 2.3688 (2) Å is close to that of 2.3703 (8) Å in CuCr₂Se₄, whereas the average (Co+Ni)—Se distance of 2.3840 (1) Å appears to be slightly shorter than most octahedral Co—Se or Ni—Se distances (∼2.40–2.50 Å) in other selenides. The refined structure provides a basis for a redefinition of the ideal chemical formula of tyrrellite, which should be Cu(Co,Ni)₂Se₄, rather than the previously suggested (Cu,Co,Ni)₃Se₄.     

Preparation,Properties and Thermal Decompositions of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes of 2,5-dichlorobenzoic Acid

Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) 2,5-dichlorobenzoates were prepared and their compositions and solubilities in water at 295 K were determined. The IR spectra and X-ray diffractograms of the obtained complexes were recorded. The complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) were obtained as solids with a 1:2 molar ratio of metal to organic ligand and different degrees of hydration. When heated at a heating rate of 10 K min^-1, the hydrated complexes lose some (Co, Zn) or all (Ni, Cu, Cd) of the crystallization water molecules and then decompose to oxide MO (Co, Ni) or gaseous products (Cu, Zn, Cd). When heated at a heating rate of 5 K min^-1, the complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) lose some (Ni) or all (Cu) of the crystallization water molecules and then decompose directly to MO. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Novel 3D, 2D, and 0D first-row coordination compounds with 4,4'-bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide incorporating sulfur-containing anions

The reaction of M(S2O6) (M = Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II)) with 4,4'-bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide (bpdo) results in the formation of novel 3D, 2D, and mononuclear complexes. Complex 1, {[Cu(H2O)(bpdo)2](S2O6)(H2O)}n, is a 2-D wavelike polymer with the Cu(II) ion located on a 2-fold axis and having a distorted square-pyramidal coordination sphere. With Co(II) and Ni(II), 3-D complexes, {[M(bpdo)3](S2O6)(C2H5OH)7}n [M = Co(II) (2), Ni(II) (3)], were obtained. The metal atoms are situated on centers of symmetry and have octahedral environments coordinated to six bpdo molecules. The same reaction in aqueous solution with a metal/ligand ratio of 1:1 results in the formation of mononuclear complexes, {[M(bpdo)(H2O)5](SO4)(H2O)2} [M = Co(II) (4), Ni(II) (5)], accompanied by the decomposition of the dithionate anions S2O6(2-) to sulfate anions SO4(2-).     

Madaline网络用于分光光度法同时测定铜钴镍的研究

采用4－（2－吡啶偶氮）－间苯二酚（PAR）－Cu,Co,Ni显色体系，应用Madline神经网络原理，对于吸收光谱严重重叠的三组分金属配合物体系同时进行含量测定，Cu^2 ,Co^2 ,Ni^2 的平均回收率分别为94％，101％，102％，实验表明，该法具有训练速度快，预测结果准确度良好等特点，有望成为多组分分析的有效方法之一。     

Analysis of binary and ternary mixtures of cobalt,nickel and copper by differential kinetic methods based on ligand substitution reactions

The methods are based on displacement of pyridoxal thiosemicarbazone from its complexes with cobalt, nickel and copper(II) with DCTA. The reactions are monitored spectrophotometrically at 425 nm. The Ni/Cu and Co/Ni/Cu mixtures are analyzed by the single-point method and the Co/Ni and Co/Cu mixtures by the logarithmic extrapolation method. In all determinations the relative standard deviation is <3%, at the μg ml^?1 level.     

Investigation of mononuclear,dinuclear, and trinuclear transition metal (II) complexes derived from an asymmetric Salamo‐based ligand possessing three different coordination modes

A new asymmetric Salamo‐based ligand H₂L was synthesized using 3‐tert‐butyl‐salicylaldehyde and 6‐methoxy‐2‐[O‐(1‐ethyloxyamide)]‐oxime‐1‐phenol. By adjusting the ratio of the ligand H₂L and Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) ions, mononuclear, dinuclear, and trinuclear transition metal (II) complexes, [Cu(L)], [{Co(L)}₂], and [{Ni(L)(CH₃COO)(CH₃CH₂OH)}₂Ni] with the ligand H₂L possessing completely different coordination modes were obtained, respectively. The optical spectra of ligand H₂L and its Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes were investigated. The Cu (II) complex is a mononuclear structure, and the Cu (II) atom is tetracoordinated to form a planar quadrilateral structure. The Co (II) complex is dinuclear, and the two Co (II) atoms are pentacoordinated and have coordination geometries of distorted triangular bipyramid. The Ni (II) complex is a trinuclear structure, and the terminal and central Ni (II) atoms are all hexacoordinated, forming distorted octahedral geometries. Furthermore, optical properties including UV–Vis, IR, and fluorescence of the Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) complexes were investigated. Finally, the antibacterial activities of the Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) complexes were explored. According to the experimental results, the inhibitory effect was found to be enhanced with increasing concentrations of the Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) complexes.     

Certification of the contents of some heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in three types of sewage sludge

Summary The element contents of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn of three different types of sewage sludge were certified. The preparation, the homogeneity and the stability are reported. The certified contents as well as values for Cr and Se and for the aqua regia soluble contents of Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn are given.

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Zertifizierung von Schwermetallspuren (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb und Zn) in drei Klärschlammproben

Zusammenfassung In drei verschiedenen Klärschlammproben wurden die Elementgehalte an Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb und Zn zertifiziert. Es wird berichtet über die Herstellung, Homogenität und Stabilität. Die zertifizierten Gehalte sowie der Gehalt von Cr, Se und der Gehalt an königswasserlöslichem Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb und Zn werden angegeben.

     

Electronic, epr and magnetic studies of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazone (L1) and semicarbazone (L2) derived from pyrole-2-carboxyaldehyde

Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes are synthesized with thiosemicarbazone (L(1)) and semicarbazone (L(2)) derived from pyrole-2-carboxyaldehyde. These complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass, IR, electronic and EPR spectral studies .The molar conductance measurements of the complexes in DMSO correspond to non-electrolytic nature except Co(L1)2(NO3)2 and Ni(L1)2(NO3)2 complexes which are 1:2 electrolytes. All the complexes are of high-spin type. On the basis of spectral studies an octahedral geometry may be assigned for Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes except Co(L1)2(NO3)2 and Ni(L1)2(NO3)2 which are of tetrahedral geometry. A tetragonal geometry may be suggested for Cu(II) complexes.