螺桨烷

本文综述了螺桨烷的最新进展,详细叙述了螺桨烷的合成、结构与性质,特別是小螺桨烷的张力能及桥头-桥头碳-碳单键的价键状态。     

小螺桨烷中C—C中心键的量子化学研究

用MNDO半经验分子轨道理论对一系列小环螺桨烷[1.1.1]螺桨烷、[2.1.1]螺浆烷、[2.2.1]螺浆烷及[2.2.2]螺桨烷中的C—C中心键进行了研究.结果表明小螺桨烷的边键与一般环状分子的C—C键强度接近,而在中心C—C上则形成一种比正常环状分子稍弱的共价键;随着螺浆烷环的增大,其C—C中心键强度增大,计算结果与前人实验和理论研究的结论一致。     

宝塔烷

1987年Prinzbach报导了拓扑结构的宝塔烷的全合成,宝塔烷(1)之所以引起人们的广泛兴趣是因为它具有如下的结构特点:(i)它具有高度的对称性,属D_(2h)点群;(ii)处于分子中心的环丁烷的四个碳原子皆为季碳原子,分子的张力主要来源于这一部分,因此其反应活性和价键状态颇为诱人;(iii)中心四员环的每个边皆为螺桨烷(propellane)结构的桥头间的碳-碳键(如A、B);(iv)最耐人探究的是,宝塔烷(1)是正十二面体烷(dodecahedrane)(2)     

小螺桨烷的"弯键"研究

本文利用Hellmann-Feynman力的ab initio计算程序ABHF, 定义了小螺桨烷中弯键的张力、胁变能、键弯曲角等公式, 计算了[1.1.1]螺桨烷、[2.1.1]螺桨烷、[2.2.2]螺桨烷[2.2.2]螺浆烷的重垒力f^0、等效点电荷q^0、键的弯曲角α、张力f、键合力F、胁变能ε等。对这种具有较高键张力的分子进行了稳定性和成键特性等方面的研究, 计算及理论分析结果满意地解释了实验事实。     

螺环倍半萜(±)-α-花柏烯-3-酮的全合成

通过萜品油烯 ( Terpinolene)与 2 ,4-二氧代戊酸甲酯的 de Mayo反应得到 [2 +2 ]光加成产物 ,经反aldol重排 ,再环合成具有螺 [5 ,5 ]十一烷结构的花柏烯基本碳架 ,进而对其官能团进行化学修饰 ,完成了螺环倍半萜 (± ) -α-花柏烯 -3 -酮的全合成 .     

硼原子簇和碳原子簇

本文在一般性地讨论多面体硼烷和碳烷骨架几何性质的基础上,探讨了以已知封闭型硼烷(碳烷)骨架为基础,在保持对称性下依次进行截角-戴帽,交替地得到多面体碳烷(硼烷)-硼烷(碳烷)骨架系列的方法,并以构造I_h和O_h对称性系列作为例子。在此基础上,讨论了可能存在的多面体硼烷和碳烷以及高硼和高碳裸体原子簇的结构和性质。     

蚕豆花精油化学成分的研究

用乱细管气相色谱-质谱-数据系统联用技术分析了蚕豆花精油的化学成份.已鉴定的十六个化学成份为芳樟醇,松油醇,4-甲氧苯基乙酮及其异构体,丁香酚及其异构体,2,6-二甲氧基-4-丙基-2-苯酚,十四碳烷酸,6,10,11-三甲基十五烷酮-2,十六碳烷酸,十七碳烷酸,十八碳三烯醛,十八碳二烯酸的异构体和十八碳烷酸.它们共占精油含量的90%左右.     

螺环倍半萜(±)-α-花柏烯和(±)-β-花柏烯的全合成

以萜品油烯(terpinolene)与2,4-二氧代戊酸甲酯的deMayo反应得到的加成产物为起始原料,经反-aldol重排,再环合成具有螺[5.5]十一烷结构的基本碳架,通过官能团的化学修饰,完成了(±)-α-花柏烯和(±)-β-花柏烯的全合成。     

螺环倍半萜(±)-α-花柏烯和(±)-β-花柏烯的全合成

以萜品油烯 ( terpinolene)与 2 ,4 -二氧代戊酸甲酯的 de Mayo反应得到加成产物为起始原料 ,经反 aldol重排 ,再环合成具有螺 [5 ,5 ]十一烷结构的基本碳骨架 ,通过官能团的化学修饰 ,完成了 (± ) -α-花柏烯和 (± ) -β-花柏烯的全合成     

环式结构体系中的双碳正离子

在某些环式结构体系中,由于某些轨道的相互作用使正电荷离域,从而克服正电荷间的相互排斥形成长寿命的双碳正离子。本文介绍苯双碳正离子,双环[m.n.p]桥头双碳正离子、去氢金刚烷基双碳正离子及宝塔烷双碳正离子的生成、检测、性能及理论处理。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.