基于动态显式分析的复合材料盒段失效模拟

为了研究复合材料结构失效过程并为强度设计提供分析依据,对结构进行失效模拟。在静态隐式分析中,材料的失效和破坏常常导致严重的不收敛。针对复合材料多墙盒段结构,采用动态显式分析方法对弯曲载荷工况进行了试验模拟。壁板和墙均采用层壳元,在上壁板中面嵌入一层体元模拟层间失效,利用用户自定义材料(VUMAT)的方法对材料性能进行连续衰减,并进行渐进式失效分析。分析表明,动态显式分析避免了不收敛问题,能比较准确地模拟复合材料盒段的失效过程,无论是应变、屈曲载荷、破坏载荷,还是破坏形式,分析结果均与试验结果吻合较好,屈曲载荷、破坏载荷的预测值与试验结果误差在7%以内。表明本文方法可以满足工程设计和分析要求。     

受火作用单对称截面钢梁的侧向弯扭屈曲分析

通过非线性有限元通用程序 ANSYS 进行数值分析,首次对单轴对称钢梁在火载荷作用下发生的侧向弯扭屈曲行为进行系统的参数研究,主要考察载荷比、跨度、端部约束条件、温度梯度等因素对钢梁弯扭屈曲失效行为的影响.结果发现:钢梁发生侧向弯扭屈曲的临界温度随温度梯度的增加而提高,但随着载荷比的增大而降低;悬链作用对侧向弯扭屈曲的影响可以忽略;固支梁的抗火性能要优于简支梁;对于两种梁的跨度情形(3m和6m),跨度较大时具有突变特性的侧向弯曲屈曲难以发生,但这种跨度变化并未改变侧向弯扭屈曲这一重要失效形式.     

工字型加筋复合材料壁板的压缩屈曲行为实验研究

在复合材料结构整个屈曲承载过程中,从微观开始发生局部的纤维断裂、基体微裂纹等损伤,并随着屈曲程度的增加和屈曲模式的转化逐渐发生分层扩展。采用实验与数值计算相结合的方法,本文研究了工字型加筋壁板复合材料结构在压缩载荷作用下的屈曲行为。采用无损光学手段来非接触检测壁板表面的全场屈曲挠度,捕捉屈曲模态演化过程。基于有限元的数值模拟,预测了工字型加筋壁板复合材料结构的屈曲与后屈曲行为,用定量的实验数据来对比数值预测的壁板屈曲形态,表明实验和数值结果的离面挠度分布具有一致性。     

基于弧长法的加筋板后屈曲特性分析及试验

作为飞机上重要的承载部件,加筋壁板在发生初始屈曲后仍具有较强的后屈曲承载能力,因此研究其后屈曲特性对于确定破坏载荷具有重要意义。传统的特征值屈曲分析是以小位移小应变的线弹性理论为基础的,且不考虑结构在受载过程中结构构形的变化,因此误差较大。本文采用Riks弧长法,结合材料弹塑性理论对铝合金整体加筋壁板轴压加载后的屈曲破坏过程、传载机制、极限载荷进行了研究,并进行了轴压加载的试验验证,得到了加载过程中的应力、应变曲线以及极限载荷,还对后屈曲破坏形式进行了分析。数值模拟结果表明:本文研究的整体加筋板初始屈曲发生在蒙皮,后屈曲过程筋条是主要的承载部位,与试验中观察到的现象一致;试验中加筋板最终破坏部位发生在筋与蒙皮连接处,有限元模拟结果与试验中加筋板的最终破坏部位一致;数值模拟得到的极限载荷与试验的相对误差在5%以内。这表明基于弧长法的后屈曲计算能够准确跟踪整体加筋板的后屈曲平衡路径和预测极限载荷。     

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一定长度的薄壁构件在纵向或横向荷载作用下，未达到材料极限破坏前就有 可能发生弹性弯扭屈曲失稳的问题. 分析了工字型截面悬臂钢梁的此类问题，应用平衡 法和能量法导出构件在轴向和横向荷载作用下的弹性弯扭屈曲微分方程，利用里兹法求其临 界载荷，并确定截面固定时的极限特征长度.     

Hamilton体系下功能梯度梁的热冲击动力屈曲分析

在Hamilton体系下,基于Euler梁理论研究了功能梯度材料梁受热冲击载荷作用时的动力屈曲问题;将非均匀功能梯度复合材料的物性参数假设为厚度坐标的幂函数形式,采用Laplace变换法和幂级数法解析求得热冲击下功能梯度梁内的动态温度场:首先将功能梯度梁的屈曲问题归结为辛空间中系统的零本征值问题,梁的屈曲载荷与屈曲模态分别对应于Hamilton体系下的辛本征值和本征解问题,由分叉条件求得屈曲模态和屈曲热轴力,根据屈曲热轴力求解临界屈曲升温载荷。给出了热冲击载荷作用下一类非均匀梯度材料梁屈曲特性的辛方法研究过程,讨论了材料的梯度特性、结构几何参数和热冲击载荷参数对临界温度的影响。     

轴压层合结构脱层屈曲及其扩展研究进展

脱层及其进一步扩展可以降低层合结构的强度．首先简单介绍了脱层的一般概念、起因及其分类．从一维脱层、二维脱层和柱壳脱层三个方面介绍了脱层问题的研究概况．指出拉弯耦合和横向剪切效应对脱层结构的屈曲载荷和后屈曲特性影响很大;对于不同的材料特性和尺寸比率,脱层结构的屈曲模态和最终承载能力也不同．最后提出了需进一步深入研究的问题      

剪切载荷下加筋板失稳模态的全场数字光学测试

通过全场光学测试和应变测试的方法,研究了剪切载荷下平板、加筋板、含切口加筋板的屈曲模态及极限承载能力。实验采用对角拉伸方式施加剪切载荷,运用全场光学形貌扫描方法对试件的变形形貌和屈曲模态进行实时扫描。实验结果表明:采用光学方法得到的加筋板试件的临界屈曲载荷值(12.44 k N)与应变测量结果(12.65 k N)吻合较好,此方法可用于临界屈曲载荷的测试;平板试件破坏时的屈曲模态沿加载方向对称分布,完整加筋板与中心切口加筋板屈曲模态均呈反对称分布,而侧切口加筋板试件的屈曲模态没有对称性;加强筋的强化和切口的局部损伤会引起屈曲模态的偏移;加筋板试件在发生破坏前的位移-载荷曲线均相近;中心切口会极大地削弱加筋板的极限承载能力。     

反对称铺设复合材料层合板非线性后屈曲分析

基于层合板壳理论,考虑反对称铺设层合板的拉弯耦合效应和后屈曲过程中的非线性几何变形,推导了由应力函数和挠度表示的复合材料层合板的后屈曲控制方程。引入无量纲参数对控制方程和边界条件进行无量纲化,以消除材料参数及几何尺寸对分析结果的影响。采用摄动法将无量纲的非线性控制方程及边界条件展开成一系列非齐次线性摄动方程组,分析各阶摄动方程的通解与特解的构造,并逐次求解,建立了反对称铺设复合材料层合板受单向均布压力作用的临界屈曲荷载及后屈曲平衡路径的理论解。进而运用ABAQUS软件对复合材料层合板在面内压缩载荷作用下的屈曲和后屈曲进行有限元分析,结果表明理论解与ABAQUS结果十分接近,验证了理论解的正确性。在此基础上进一步讨论了铺设角度、铺设层数和拉弯耦合效应等对层合板后屈曲性能的影响。研究发现层合板的屈曲载荷受铺设角度与层数的影响较为显著,而拉弯耦合效应使板的屈后强度大大降低。     

复合材料结构的动力屈曲研究进展

本文系统地回顾了复合材料结构的动力屈曲研究进展，对周期性动载荷和瞬态动载荷作用下，复合材料结构的动力屈曲作了阐述；讨论了耦合效应，横向剪切变形、初始几何缺陷以及铺层方式等因素对动力屈曲的影响；就复合材料结构动力屈曲研究的发展前景提出了一些有益的建议     

考虑弯扭形变的薄壁箱形梁的非线性后屈曲

在大位移和扭转的前提下,通过一中等弯曲扭转的位移场描述了薄壁箱形梁在偏心载荷作用下的静稳定性问题.该非线性公式可用于分析简支薄壁箱形梁在不同载荷作用下的屈曲和后屈曲行为.采用伽辽金方法将非线性微分系统离散,并通过牛顿-拉普森增量迭代法求解得代数方程组.数值计算结果表明,当前屈曲位移不可忽略时,经典的横向屈曲预测是保守的...     

Buckling in Space and Time

A personal overview of the buckling process is given, based on more than 30 years research experience. A fundamental distinction is drawn between structures that tend to distribute their pattern of buckling over the entire available length, and those that favour limiting it to a localized portion. Difficulties are compounded by the fact that localized solutions typically are shadowed by distributed counterparts. The difference is found to depend primarily on the stability of the system at the point of buckling. When an unstable localized form shows a tendency to restabilize, a pattern known as cellular buckling can develop, taking place sequentially in both space and time. The paper focuses particularly on the buckling of the axially-compressed cylindrical shell, and shows how the circumferential periodicity coupled with axial localization has special but hidden characteristics. In particular, the circumferential wavenumber is picked at an early stage of buckling and remains locked, while localization in the axial sense permits extensive change to the post-buckling shape.     

Buckling and post-buckling of a ferromagnetic beam-plate induced by magnetoelastic interactions

Buckling and post-buckling behavior of a soft ferromagnetic beam-plate with unmovable simple supports under an applied magnetic field is analyzed by taking into account the non-linear effect of large deflections based on the von Karman model of plates. The study shows that buckling is proceeded by bending only if the applied magnetic field forms an incident angle with the normal of the plate. The characteristics of buckling and post-buckling are explored by numerical analysis. In particular, the numerical solution shows that, when the applied magnetic field is oblique, the plate snapps from a whole wave configuration into a half-wave configuration as buckling/snapping occurs, and that the magnetoelastic buckling strength increases with the increasing oblique angle.     

Buckling and post-buckling analyses of size-dependent piezoelectric nanoplates

This paper attempts to investigate the buckling and post-buckling behaviors of piezoelectric nanoplate based on the nonlocal Mindlin plate model and von Karman geometric nonlinearity. An external electric voltage and a uniform temperature rise are applied on the piezoelectric nanoplate. Both the uniaxial and biaxial mechanical compression forces will be considered in the buckling and post-buckling analysis. By substituting the energy functions into the equation of the minimum total potential energy principle,the governing equations are derived directly, and then discretized through the differential quadrature(DQ) method. The buckling and post-buckling responses of piezoelectric nanoplates are calculated by employing a direct iterative method under different boundary conditions. The numerical results are presented to show the influences of different factors including the nonlocal parameter, electric voltage,and temperature rise on the buckling and post-buckling responses.     

Buckling of slender string in cylindrical tube under axial load: Experiments and theoretical analysis

Buckling of drill and tubing strings in drill or casing holes will affect the life of the string and cause difficulties in drilling and in oil production. A number of theoretical models have been developed to study the buckling load and the post-buckling configuration of the strings under some idealized conditions. However, verification of these theories in practice or in laboratory has not been extensively reported.In this paper work on laboratory buckling tests of strings is presented and the results are compared with theoretical formulas. The results indicate that the process of string buckling can be divided into two stages, namely plane buckling and spatial buckling. In the spatial buckling the string-buckling configuration can roughly be represented by a helix. The relation between the buckling force and the helical pitch, obtained from the laboratory tests, is similar to that predicted by helical buckling theories. The friction between the string and the wall of the confining tube causes a nonuniform buckling shape and prohibits further buckling at some critical loads. The buckling theories do not cover these effects and may thus induce significant errors in predicting the string-post-buckling configuration. An approximate formula for estimating the friction force is proposed, which provides more accurate results. Further studies of the friction effect are suggested.     

Buckling and post-buckling analyses for an axially compressed laminated cylindrical shell of FGM with PFRC in thermal environments

In this paper, investigation on buckling and post-buckling behaviors of a laminated cylindrical shell of functionally graded material (FGM) with the piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) actuators subjected to thermal and axial compressed loads is presented. Based on the Donnell assumptions, the material properties of the FGM layer vary smoothly through the laminated cylindrical shell thickness according to a power law distribution of the volume fraction of constituent materials. In the present study, a numerical procedure for the laminated cylindrical shell is used based on the Ritz energy method and the nonlinear strain–displacement relations. Some useful discussion and numerical examples are presented to show various effects of temperature field, volume fraction and geometric parameters on the buckling and post-buckling behaviors of the laminated cylindrical shell with PFRC.     

充满水的金属圆柱壳经受轴向撞击时屈曲过程的实验研究

本文报道了五种规格充满水的圆柱壳经受大质量低速度轴向撞击作用时屈曲过程的实验结果。研究表明由于液体的存在，圆柱壳的屈曲模态呈轴对称型的环带波纹，整个撞击过程可以明显地分为振荡的动力加载、平稳发展的后屈曲和迅速下降的弹性卸载三个阶段。并讨论了试件壁厚和高度等几何参数对其屈曲性能的影响。     

Buckling and post-buckling of piezoelectric plates using finite element method

The finite element equations considering the geometrical nonlinearity of piezoelectric smart structures are derived based on the total Lagrange method under the assumption of weak coupling between electricity and mechanics. Buckling and post-buckling of piezoelectric-plate with various boundary conditions are investigated. The calculated results show that piezoelectric effects and external voltage can hardly affect the buckling and post-buckling characteristics of piezoelectric-plate under uniaxial pressure while the buckling caused by displacement in-plane has much to do with the electric field. The present work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59635140).     

Buckling and Post-buckling Behaviour of Prismatic Aluminium Columns Submitted to a Series of Compressive Loads

The buckling and post-buckling behaviour of prismatic aluminium columns from stocky to very slender shapes is investigated. The unconventional, in terms of buckling tests, displacement control of compressive load and a series of loadings provided an enhanced insight into the buckling process. A phenomenon of buckling load drop has been detected in columns of intermediate slenderness, reaching over 20% of the load early critical value. This newly observed occurrence resembles finite disturbance instability, which until recently was commonly believed to only appear in cases of thin walled cylindrical shells, but not columns. The observation is in contradiction to predicted results from the elasto-plastic buckling models of Engesser or Shanley, with constant or growing values of load during the post-buckling process. Further tests on columns of intermediate slenderness, with strain gauges glued at node and anti-node locations of the buckled profiles, revealed that even minute buckling results in fields of highly non-symmetric residual microplastic strain. The results of the present study indicate that running column buckling tests under displacement control is worthy of being adopted as common practice. The envelope of column post-buckling states can be conveniently determined. This information will in turn allow for the quick and reliable estimation of the safety of a column, which has undergone accidental or deliberate damage in the form of limited buckling when under operational load.     

Secondary buckling of a flat plate under uniaxial compression: Part 2. Analysis of clamped plate by F.E.M. and comparison with experiments

In Part 1, a theoretical analysis was used to study the secondary buckling of a simply supported plate. In Part 2, a clamped plate is analysed by the finite element method. The stability criterion for a non-linear post-buckling equilibrium state is evaluated by the sign of the determinant of the stiffness matrix. It should be noted that the secondary buckling loads of clamped plates are unexpectedly smaller than those of simply supported plates and are only one and a half times the primary buckling loads. In previous analyses, only a quarter segment of the plate was considered by assuming a stable equilibrium state with symmetrical mode. However, instability can also be predicted by considering the unsymmetrical mode over the whole plate. Results of experimental analysis of secondary instability of clamped square plates under uniaxial compression agreed with the numerical results.