易拉罐在轴-侧-扭-内压联合作用下的屈曲地貌

柱壳结构广泛应用于各个领域, 但由于其对初始缺陷较为敏感, 容易发生灾难性的屈曲失稳. 本文利用非线性有限元分析程序ABAQUS研究了柱壳屈曲问题, 并应用到了易拉罐的屈曲分析. 首先采用数值模拟的方法验证了Virot等学者的易拉罐屈曲试验结果, 然后为了获得屈曲的一些普适结果, 进一步考察了柱壳的屈曲表现. 对柱壳结构在不同载荷组合、不同几何参数作用下进行了细致分析. 为了讨论的直观, 本文绘制了柱壳结构在受到侧压-轴压载荷作用下外力-屈曲载荷-位移三维屈曲地貌图(称为landscape). 结果表明: 在侧压-轴压-扭转载荷作用下, 试件力-位移曲线出现了"cliff"(断崖)现象; 扭转载荷的施加不利于试件整体稳定性, 并造成了试件对初始缺陷的敏感性; 对于受到轴压-扭转载荷作用的试件, 本文定义承载力为零的平面为"sea level"(海平面)来区分试件破坏模式; 通过对不同边界条件的试件进行分析, 发现试件两端固定可以有效地增加结构的承载能力, 提高稳定性. 对柱壳结构内部充气可以大幅度提升结构的承载能力和稳定性, 减小对初始缺陷的敏感度.      

确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应

建立了一种普遍的解析理论用于求解确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应。首先通过直接求解单对称均匀Timoshenko薄壁梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动偏微分方程，给出了计算其自由振动的精确方法，并导出了Timoshenko弯扭耦合薄壁梁自由振动主模态的正交条件。然后利用简正模态法研究了确定性载荷作用下单对称Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应，该弯扭耦合梁所受到的荷载可以是集中载荷或沿着梁长度分布的分布载荷。最后假定确定性载荷是谐波变化的，得到了各种激励下封闭形式的解，并对动力弯曲位移和扭转位移的数值结果进行了讨论。     

夹层FGM圆柱壳在扭转载荷作用下的弹性稳定性

采用半解析方法研究了两端简支的功能梯度夹层圆柱壳在端部扭转载荷作用下的弹性稳定性.考虑圆柱壳的里外表层为均匀材料,中间层为材料性质沿厚度方向连续变化的功能梯度材料,并且在界面处的材料性质保持连续. 基于Flügge薄壳理论,建立了位移形式的结构静态屈曲控制方程.根据边界条件将位移表示为三角级数形式,获得包含柱壳端部扭转载荷参数的近似线性代数特征值问题,并通过数值方法求得了表征结构失稳特征的临界载荷. 数值结果表明,临界载荷随着半径与厚度比的增加而减小,随着功能梯度中间层的弹性模量的平均值的增加而增加.      

非线性弹性地基梁在随动载荷作用下的屈曲和振动

基于可伸长梁的几何非线性理论,建立了非线性弹性地基上梁在随动载荷作用下的屈曲问题和振动问题控制方程,分别采用打靶法分析了弹性地基梁的后屈曲行为以及后屈曲构形上的振动问题。给出了不同非线性弹性地基系数下,梁在随动载荷作用下的过屈曲平衡路径曲线以及过屈曲附近前三阶频率随载荷变化的曲线。研究表明:立方刚度系数K_2对梁的屈曲和振动影响较小,而线性刚度系数K_1对梁的过屈曲性态和固有频率都有影响。     

受均布载荷压杆后屈曲形态的数值计算

对受均布载荷压杆的屈曲及后屈曲行为进行了分析.基于杆的大变形理论,考虑杆的轴向伸长,建立了受均布载荷作用下细长压杆的几何非线性平衡方程.采用打靶法和解析延拓法数值求解非线性两点边值问题,得到了杆的后屈曲平衡路径和平衡构形.     

轴向冲击下C型冷弯卷边槽钢构件的动力响应

针对轴向冲击载荷下C型冷弯薄壁钢构件的动力响应,采用商业有限元软件Abaqus建立了能够反映冲击过程的有限元模型。通过对比有限元模拟和落锤实验中利用数字散斑技术采集的数据以及试样残余变形,验证了数值模型的可靠性。采用该模型分析了在不同冲击速度下翼缘、腹板和卷边质点的轴向位移-时间曲线以及腹板横向挠度的变化,结果表明:在较低冲击能量的作用下,翼缘对卷边的约束作用明显;而在较高冲击能量的加载过程中,冲击端卷边的轴向位移和速度明显大于翼缘和腹板,卷边破坏严重;随着冲击速度的提升,C型冷弯薄壁钢构件的动态屈曲临界载荷相应提升。     

轴向受载的Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应

利用简正模态法研究各种集中载荷和分布载荷作用下单对称轴向受载的Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应。该弯扭耦合梁所受到的载荷可以是集中载荷或沿着梁长度分布的分布载荷。目前研究中采用考虑了轴向载荷、剪切变形和转动惯量影响的Timoshenko薄壁梁理论。首先建立轴向受载的Timoshenko薄壁梁结构的普遍运动微分方程并进行其自由振动的分析。一旦得到轴向受载的Timoshenko薄壁梁的固有频率和模态形状，利用简正模态法计算薄壁梁结构的弯扭耦合动力响应。针对具体算例，提出并讨论了动力弯曲位移和扭转位移的数值结果。     

压电板屈曲和后屈曲的有限元分析

采用板的一附剪切理论,并考虑结构的几何非线性,基于Ｔｏｔａｌ Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ方法,建立了在弱非线性耦合假设下压电智能的有限元控制方法,分析了没边界条件下压电板的屈曲和后屈曲,计算结果表明,在单向压力作用下,材料的压电效应和外加电压对板的屈曲载荷及后屈曲影响很小;而电场对位移加载简支板的屈曲影响较显著。该文为压电材料的工程应用提供了理论指导,同时提供了一种有效的有限元分析方法。     

Hamilton体系下矩形薄板受抛物线压力载荷的屈曲分析

针对四边简支矩形薄板在两对边相向的非线性分布压力下的面内应力分布以及屈曲问题,应用弹性力学的Hamilton体系和Galerkin法进行了研究.基于弹性力学的平面矩形域Hamilton体系,根据辛本征向量展开解法,得到了对应于零本征值和非零本征值的含待定常数的实数型面内应力分布通解.依据必须满足的应力边界条件,导出了矩形薄板在抛物线分布载荷下的面内应力分布.考虑到应力分布表达式的复杂性,用完全的解析方法得到屈曲载荷是不可能的.因此,运用基于虚功原理的Galerkin法,根据四边简支矩形薄板弯曲的位移边界条件,给出了不同长宽比矩形薄板受抛物线分布载荷的屈曲临界载荷.通过与已有文献中DQ法给出的数值计算结果比较,表明了本文求解方法的有效性和正确性.基于所给出的结果,可望为解决矩形薄板在非线性分布载荷下的面内应力分布以及屈曲问题提供一种新的研究方法.     

影像云纹法在圆柱壳静态塑性扭转屈曲问题中的应用

本文在圆柱壳塑性扭转屈曲问题的实验分析中，采用云纹法判定分叉载荷和最大载荷，并对离面位移进行了测量，给出了离面位移测量的光路系统和分析方法。     

复合材料多墙盒段弯扭耦合下的屈曲和后屈曲

针对复合材料典型多墙盒段，采用试验和有限元分析相结合的方法，研究了弯扭耦合载荷作用下的稳定性、承载能力及损伤起始、扩展情况．试验采用数字图像相关(Digital Image Correlation, DIC)测量方法捕捉试验件屈曲模态的变化过程，通过载荷-应变曲线获得屈曲和后屈曲破坏载荷．数值仿真基于ABAQUS/Explicit模块，采用Hashin准则结合刚度降的VUSDFLD子程序模拟复合材料的屈曲和后屈曲行为．研究结果表明，多墙盒段在弯扭载荷组合作用下发生屈曲时，扭矩会改变屈曲模态的分布形式和对称性，屈曲鼓包依然保持波峰、波谷交替出现；多墙盒段后屈曲阶段历程较长，屈曲模态由一阶向高阶逐渐发展，直到结构发生过大变形，彻底破坏而失去承载能力．     

热荷载作用下Timoshenko功能梯度夹层梁的静态响应

在精确考虑轴线伸长和一阶横向剪切变形的基础上建立了Timoshenko功能梯度夹层梁在热载荷作用下的几何非线性控制方程.采用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性边值问题,获得了两端固支功能梯度夹层梁在横向非均匀升温作用下的静态热过屈曲和热弯曲变形数值解.分析了功能梯度材料参数变化、不同表层厚度和升温参数对夹层梁弯曲变形、拉-弯耦...     

THERMAL POST-BUCKLING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL TIMOSHENKO BEAMS

Analysis of thermal post-buckling of FGM (Functionally Graded Material) Timoshenko beams subjected to transversely non-uniform temperature rise is presented. By accurately considering the axial extension and transverse shear deformation in the sense of theory of Timoshenko beam, geometrical nonlinear governing equations including seven basic unknown functions for functionally graded beams subjected to mechanical and thermal loads were formulated. In the analysis, it was assumed that the material properties of the beam vary continuously as a power function of the thickness coordinate. By using a shooting method, the obtained nonlinear boundary value problem was numerically solved and thermal buckling and post-buckling response of transversely non-uniformly heated FGM Timoshenko beams with fixed-fixed edges were obtained. Characteristic curves of the buckling deformation of the beam varying with thermal load and the power law index are plotted. The effects of material gradient property on the buckling deformation and critical temperature of beam were discussed in details. The results show that there exists the tension-bend coupling deformation in the uniformly heated beam because of the transversely non-uniform characteristic of materials.     

Buckling and post-buckling analyses for an axially compressed laminated cylindrical shell of FGM with PFRC in thermal environments

In this paper, investigation on buckling and post-buckling behaviors of a laminated cylindrical shell of functionally graded material (FGM) with the piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) actuators subjected to thermal and axial compressed loads is presented. Based on the Donnell assumptions, the material properties of the FGM layer vary smoothly through the laminated cylindrical shell thickness according to a power law distribution of the volume fraction of constituent materials. In the present study, a numerical procedure for the laminated cylindrical shell is used based on the Ritz energy method and the nonlinear strain–displacement relations. Some useful discussion and numerical examples are presented to show various effects of temperature field, volume fraction and geometric parameters on the buckling and post-buckling behaviors of the laminated cylindrical shell with PFRC.     

井筒内受压杆管后屈曲能量法分析与实验研究

目前不少理论力学教材都涉及刚体平面运动动力学方程的教学内容,但有些教材在叙述上有许多值得商榷之处.对这一重要的基本概念,本文提出作者的思考,供理论力学教学的教师与学过此内容的学生讨论.     

Bifurcation and post-buckling analysis of bimodal optimum columns

A mathematical formulation of column optimization problems allowing for bimodal optimum buckling loads is developed in this paper. The columns are continuous and linearly elastic, and assumed to have no geometrical imperfections. It is first shown that bimodal solutions exist for columns that rest on a linearly elastic (Winkler) foundation and have clamped-clamped and clamped-simply supported ends. The equilibrium equation for a non-extensible, geometrically nonlinear elastic column is then derived, and the initial post-buckling behaviour of a bimodal optimum column near the bifurcation point is studied using a perturbation method. It is shown that in the general case the post-buckling behaviour is governed by a fourth order polynomial equation, i.e., near the bifurcation point there may be up to four post-buckling equilibrium states emanating from the trivial equilibrium state. Each of these equilibrium states may be either supercritical or subcritical in the vicinity of the bifurcation point. The conditions for stability of these non-trivial post-buckling states are established based on verification of positive semi-definiteness of a two-by-two matrix whose coefficients are integrals of the buckling modes and their derivatives. In the end of the paper we present and discuss numerical results for the post-buckling behaviour of several columns with bimodal optimum buckling loads.     

Post-buckling behavior of a fixed arch for variable geometry structures

The behavior of a bistable strut for variable geometry structures was investigated in this paper. A fixed shallow arch subjected to a central concentrated load was used to study the equilibrium path of the bistable strut. Based on a nonlinear strain–displacement relationship, the critical loads for both the symmetric snap-through and asymmetric bifurcation buckling modes were obtained. Moreover, the principal of virtual work was also used to establish the post-buckling differential equilibrium equations of the arch in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, the whole mechanical behavior before and after the buckling of fixed arches is investigated.     

粘贴压电层功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁的热过屈曲分析

研究了上下表面粘贴压电层的功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁在升温及电场作用下的过屈曲行为。在精确考虑轴线伸长和一阶横向剪切变形的基础上,建立了压电功能梯度Timoshenko层合梁在热-电-机械载荷作用下的几何非线性控制方程。其中,假设功能梯度的材料性质沿厚度方向按照幂函数连续变化,压电层为各向同性均匀材料。采用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性边值问题,获得了在均匀电场和横向非均匀升温场内两端固定Timoshenko梁的静态非线性屈曲和过屈曲数值解。并给出了梁的变形随热、电载荷及材料梯度参数变化的特性曲线。结果表明,通过施加电压在压电层产生拉应力可以有效地提高梁的热屈曲临界载荷,延缓热过屈曲发生。由于材料在横向的非均匀性,即使在均匀升温和均匀电场作用下,也会产生拉-弯耦合效应。但是对于两端固定的压电-功能梯度材料梁,在横向非均匀升温下过屈曲变形仍然是分叉形的。     

High accuracy postbuckling analysis of channel section struts

This paper presents the theoretical developments of a high accuracy method for the post-buckling analysis of some channel section struts. In this method, the Von-Karman's equilibrium equation is solved exactly to obtain the buckling loads and the corresponding form of out-of-plane buckling deflection modes. The investigation of channel section buckling behaviour is then extended to the post-buckling study with the assumption that the deflected form after the buckling is the combination of first, second and higher (if required) modes of buckling. Thus, the full-analytical post-buckling study is effectively a multi term analysis, which is attempted by utilizing the so-called semi-energy method. In this method the Von-Karman compatibility equation is used together with a consideration of the total strain energy of the strut. Through the solution of the compatibility equation, the in-plane displacement functions which are themselves related to the Airy stress function are developed in terms of the unknown coefficients in the assumed out-of-plane deflection function. The in-plane and out-of-plane deflection functions are substituted in the total strain energy expressions and the theorem of minimum total potential energy is applied to solve for the unknown coefficients. It is noted that the Classical Plate Theory (CPT) is applied throughout the theoretical developments. Through the comparison of the results and the appropriate discussion, the knowledge of the level of capability of the method is significantly promoted.     

热载荷作用下梯度多孔材料梁弯曲及过屈曲力学行为的研究

基于Bernoulli-Euler梁理论,引入物理中面解耦了复合材料结构的面内变形与横向弯曲特性,研究了梯度多孔材料矩形截面梁在热载荷作用下的弯曲及过屈曲力学行为．假设沿梁厚度方向材料的性质是连续变化的,利用能量法推导了矩形截面梁的控制微分方程和边界条件,并用打靶法对无量纲化的控制方程进行数值求解．利用计算得到的结果分析了材料的性质、热载荷、边界条件对矩形截面梁非线性力学行为的影响．结果表明,对称材料模型下,固支梁与简支梁均显示出了典型的分支屈曲行为特征,而其临界屈曲热载荷值均会随着孔隙率系数的增加而单调增加．非对称材料模型下,固支梁仍显示出分支屈曲行为特征,但其临界屈曲热载荷不再随着孔隙率系数的变化而单调变化;而对于两端简支梁,发生了弯曲变形,弯曲挠度随载荷的增大而增大．