反对称横向荷载作用下钢梁的弹性弯扭屈曲研究

为了建立反对称横向荷载作用下双轴对称截面简支钢梁弹性弯扭屈曲的设计理论,考虑荷载比例系数ψ的影响,推导了反对称横向荷载作用下钢梁的弯扭屈曲总势能方程。采用Rayleigh-Ritz法得到了反对称横向荷载作用下钢梁弹性临界弯矩M_(cr)的通用计算式以及系数C_1、C_2的计算式,并总结了荷载比例系数ψ对临界弯矩的影响规律。采用有限元法对本文理论公式进行了验证,当0≤ψ≤4时,临界弯矩M_(cr)的理论解与有限元解吻合良好;当ψ4时,临界弯矩收敛于ψ=4时的值。在此基础上,通过线性回归分析,拟合出了等效弯矩系数C_b与荷载比例系数ψ以及跨长影响系数ξ之间的近似关系式,C_b的近似解与有限元解吻合较好,最大误差为6.5%,大部分工况下误差控制在5%以内。该拟合公式适用性较强,精度较高。     

含裂纹薄壁圆柱壳弹塑性失稳极限荷载的解析解

为了得到含环向裂纹压弯薄壁圆柱壳失稳的极限荷载,基于Je?ek解析法,先利用裂纹面的平衡方程、变形几何关系和物理方程,得到在压弯荷载作用下圆柱壳轴力与裂纹面挠度的关系式;再利用极值条件,推导出在轴压和弯矩共同作用下含裂纹薄壁圆柱壳失稳时极限荷载的解析表达式。利用数值计算分析裂纹长度、长细比以及端部施加弯矩对圆柱壳极限荷载、弹性区高度和圆柱壳裂纹截面处挠度的影响,通过有限元数值结果验证极限荷载解析解的准确性。计算结果表明:与无裂纹完善构件相比,弯矩对含裂纹圆柱壳的极限荷载Pu的影响最为显著,其降低幅值可达3.78%～23.18%;弯矩的增加也会导致构件弹性区高度逐渐减小,裂纹面处的挠度呈非线性增长。本文研究弥补了目前该类问题缺乏理论解析解的不足。     

冷弯薄壁槽形截面钢柱的优化设计

求解冷弯开口薄壁截面短柱的极限承载力是一个板组结构的大挠度弹塑性分析问题，板件之间相互作用和纵向面内加载方式对其局部屈曲后性能和稳定极限承载力有很大的影响。本文应用大挠度弹塑性有限条分析方法系统地研究了冷弯薄壁槽形截面柱的极限承载能力和它们的优化性能，并对荷载偏心距为常数和位移梯度为常数的两种加载条件下的薄壁开口短柱局部屈曲后性能和极限承载力进行了对比分析和探讨。     

轴线存在应变时弹性杆力学的两个概念

讨论Kirchhoff弹性杆力学向精确Cosserat弹性杆推广中的两个概念: 轴 线切向量对截面法向量是怎样偏离以及本构方程中应变矢和弯扭度的基准问题. 从单元体的 剪应变出发, 导出了截面法矢、轴线切矢以及剪应变矢三者关系, 即Cosserat弹性杆的变形 几何关系;从Hook定律出发, 论证了在一次近似下本构方程中的截面弯扭度和形心应变矢都 以原始弧坐标为基准.     

ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF MENTAL HOOK OF UNIFORM CROSS SECTION

研究等截面弯钩受力时的应力分布及承载极限问题，本文以弹性力学的曲梁问题为参考，建立了平面应力条件下的金属弯钩的力学模型，得出了弯钩应力分布解，并通过ANSYS数值模拟进行验证，得出其危险截面。基于极限变形原理、弹性极限设计原理与塑性极限设计原理，提出了等截面弯钩失效的三种准则，为工厂生产不同极限载荷下的弯钩提供了理论依据。     

槽形截面腹板非均匀受压的屈曲后强度研究

本文根据 Von Karman 大挠度平板理论,采用半解析半能量法对薄壁槽形截面腹板在非均匀压力作用下的屈曲与屈曲后性能进行了理论分析,得到了临界荷载及屈曲后第二平衡路径,以及截面最佳极限承载能力的翼缘与腹板的宽度比,理论分析与试验结果吻合较好.     

槽形截面腹板非均匀受压的屈曲后强度研究

本根据Ｖｏｖ Ｋａｒｍａｎ大挠度平板理论。采用半解析半能量法对薄壁槽形截面腹板在非均匀压力作用下的屈曲与屈曲后性能进行了理论分析，得到了临界荷载及屈曲后第二平衡路径，以及截面最佳极限承载能力的翼缘与腹板的宽度比，理论分析与试验结构吻合较好。     

开口厚壁截面短构件的约束扭转1）

为了分析开口厚壁截面短构件的约束扭转问题,采用统一分析梁模型与有限节线法,对T形和L形厚壁截面短构件约束扭转时横截面的翘曲和应力分布情况等问题进行了分析研究.算例计算结果表明：开口厚壁截面短构件存在与其横截面形心位置不一致的扭转（弯曲）中心,构件在不过扭转中心的外力作用下会产生弯扭耦合变形,其横截面将产生不均匀翘曲,横截面上的翘曲正应力和扭转剪应力均呈非线性分布.     

倒三角形截面板管连接式钢圆弧拱在平面内的稳定承载力研究

采用理论推导与数值模拟相结合的方法,对倒三角形截面板管连接式钢圆弧拱在平面内的弹性屈曲和弹塑性屈曲进行了深入研究。首先,理论推导了拱的截面剪切刚度,并提出了拱在全跨均布径向荷载作用下的弹性屈曲公式。此外,还提出了避免连接板和弦杆在拱发生整体弹性失稳之前发生局部失稳的限制条件。然后,分别研究了在全跨均布径向荷载和全跨均布竖向荷载作用下,拱的整体弹塑性失稳机理。结果表明,在全跨均布径向荷载下,拱在1/4跨和3/4跨附近的弦杆会发生屈服,最终发生拱的整体弹塑性失稳。基于数值结果,建立了拱在全跨均布径向荷载作用下的稳定曲线,并针对拱发生整体弹塑性屈曲提出了相应的稳定承载力设计公式。在全跨均布竖向荷载作用下,钢拱发生整体失稳时,在拱脚两端附近的下弦杆会进入屈服。同样地,本文也提出了拱在全跨均布竖向荷载作用下,发生整体弹塑性失稳时的稳定极限承载力设计公式。本文所建议的公式与有限元结果符合得较好,可供实际工程设计参考。     

开口厚壁截面短构件的约束扭转

为了分析开口厚壁截面短构件的约束扭转问题,采用统一分析梁模型与有限节线法,对T形和L形厚壁截面短构件约束扭转时横截面的翘曲和应力分布情况等问题进行了分析研究.算例计算结果表明:开口厚壁截面短构件存在与其横截面形心位置不一致的扭转(弯曲)中心,构件在不过扭转中心的外力作用下会产生弯扭耦合变形,其横截面将产生不均匀翘曲,横截面上的翘曲正应力和扭转剪应力均呈非线性分布.     

确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应

建立了一种普遍的解析理论用于求解确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应。首先通过直接求解单对称均匀Timoshenko薄壁梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动偏微分方程，给出了计算其自由振动的精确方法，并导出了Timoshenko弯扭耦合薄壁梁自由振动主模态的正交条件。然后利用简正模态法研究了确定性载荷作用下单对称Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应，该弯扭耦合梁所受到的荷载可以是集中载荷或沿着梁长度分布的分布载荷。最后假定确定性载荷是谐波变化的，得到了各种激励下封闭形式的解，并对动力弯曲位移和扭转位移的数值结果进行了讨论。     

Lateral buckling of beams with shear deformations – A hyperelastic formulation

The equilibrium and buckling equations are derived for the lateral buckling of a prismatic straight beam. A consistent finite strain constitutive law is used, which is based on a hyperelastic model for an isotropic material. The kinematics of the cross-sectional deformations are based on a Timoshenko type beam displacement of the cross-sectional plane using Euler angles and two shear finite rotations coupled with warping taken normal to the displaced plane. Also derived are the second order approximations to the displacements, curvatures, twist and internal actions. The constitutive relationships for the internal actions reveal new coupling terms between the bending moments, torsion and bimoment, which are functions of the cross-sectional warping and shear deformations. New Wagner type nonlinear torsion terms are derived which are functions of the warping of the cross-sectional plane, and are coupled to the twisting and shear deformations of the cross-section. Solutions are determined for the lateral buckling of a prismatic monosymmetric beam under pure bending and the flexural–torsional buckling under axial compression. For the flexural–torsional buckling problem it is found that the Euler type column buckling formula is consistent with Haringx’s column buckling formula while the torsional buckling formula is different to conventional equations. The second variation of the total potential is also derived. The effects of shear deformations are explored by examining the non-dimensional lateral buckling equation for a simply supported beam.     

Stability analysis of gradient elastic beams by the method of initial value

The buckling of a bar is studied analytically on the basis of a simple linear theory of gradient elasticity in the frame of the method of initial values. The method of initial values provides the values of the displacements and stress resultants throughout the bar once the initial displacements and initial stress resultants are known. We use probably for the first time the method of initial values to get critical loads of a strain gradient beam under completely different boundary conditions at the two end faces of the beam. Exact carryover matrix is presented for the classical beam and gradient beam analytically. The first mode shapes of classical beam and gradient beam are plotted. The method of initial values is also applied to the beams with variable cross-section. The priorities of the method of initial values are depicted. The variational approach gives a sixth-order ordinary differential equation for a beam in buckling. The additional boundary conditions are used to obtain critical loads. It is observed that critical loads increase dramatically for increasing values of the gradient coefficient.     

Torsional,flexural, and torsional-flexural buckling modes of a cylindrical shell under combined loading

Stability problems for cylindrical shells under various loading modes were considered in numerous papers. A detailed analysis of such problems can be found, e.g., in the monograph [1]. We refer to the solutions presented in this monograph as classical.For long cylindrical shells in axial compression, one of the buckling modes is the purely beam flexural mode similar to the classical buckling mode of a straight rod. It is well known that it can be studied by using the nonlinear or linearized equations of the membrane theory of shells. In [2], it was shown that, on the basis of such equations constructed starting from the noncontradictory version of geometrically nonlinear elasticity relations in the quadratic approximation [3], under the separate action of the axial compression, external pressure, and torsion, there are also previously unknown nonclassical buckling modes, most of which are shear ones.In the present paper, we show that the use of the above equations for cylindrical shells under compression and external pressure with simultaneous pure torsion or bending permits revealing the earlier unknown torsional, beam flexural, and beam torsional-flexural buckling modes, which are nonclassical, just as those found in [2]. The second of these buckling modes is realized when axially compressing forces are formed in the shell with simultaneous torsion, and the third of them is realized under compression combined with pure bending.It was found that, earlier than the classical buckling modes, the torsional buckling modes can be realized for relatively short shells with small shear rigidity in the tangent plane, while the second and third buckling modes can be realized for relatively long shells.     

Non-linear buckling analysis of inclined circular cylinder-in-cylinder by the discrete singular convolution

The lateral buckling and helical buckling problem of a circular cylinder constrained by an inclined circular cylinder under a compressive force, torsion, and its own weight is complicated and difficult to obtain an exact analytical solution. Thus, the non-linear differential equation is solved incrementally using the discrete singular convolution (DSC) algorithm together with the Newton–Raphson method. Detailed formulations are worked out. A simple way to numerically simulate the helical buckling is proposed and solution procedures are given. Four examples with various inclined angles, weights per unit length of the inner cylinder, axial applied loads, and boundary conditions are investigated. To verify the formulations and solution procedures, comparisons are firstly made with data obtained using the finite element method. It is verified that under certain circumstance, only lateral or helical buckling alone will occur. On some other circumstance, both lateral buckling and helical buckling may occur and the critical helical buckling loads are higher than the critical lateral buckling loads if frictions are not considered. Some conclusions are made based on the results presented herein.     

轴向受载的Bernoulli—Euler薄壁梁固有振动和稳定性的理论研究

通过直接求解轴向受载的单对称均匀Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动微分方程,推导了其动态传递矩阵,讨论了轴向载荷的变化对薄壁梁弯扭耦合振动固有频率的影响,并由此得到零频率振动（弹性屈出）发生时相应的轴向载荷,数值结果表明本文方法在其适应范围内是精确有效的。     

STUDY ON AMPLIFICATION FACTOR OF FLEXURAL BUCKLING CRITICAL LOAD OF AXIAL COMPRESSION BARS1)

为了建立一般条件下轴压构件屈曲临界载荷的计算理论,首先对轴心受压构件发生屈曲时的总势能方程进行了推导,然后采用Rayleigh-Ritz法并基于势能驻值原理得到了4种不同端部约束条件下轴压构件的屈曲临界载荷,对比欧拉临界载荷,给出了临界载荷放大系数 的计算式,全面考虑了构件长细比、压缩变形、剪切变形以及截面形状系数对临界载荷的影响,推导的计算式可用于较小长细比轴压构件发生屈曲时临界载荷的计算.圆截面和双轴对称工字形截面轴压构件屈曲临界载荷的分析表明构件长细比是影响放大系数的主导因素。     

Exact solutions for buckling of non-uniform columns under axial concentrated and distributed loading

In this paper, the buckling problem of non-uniform columns subjected to axial concentrated and distributed loading is studied. The expression for describing the distribution of flexural stiffness of a non-uniform column is arbitrary, and the distribution of axial forces acting on the column is expressed as a functional relation with the distribution of flexural stiffness and vice versa. The governing equation for buckling of a non-uniform column with arbitrary distribution of flexural stiffness or axial forces is reduced to a second-order differential equation without the first-order derivative by means of functional transformations. Then, this kind of differential equation is reduced to Bessel equations and other solvable equations for 12 cases, several of which are important in engineering practice. The exact solutions that represent a class of exact functional solutions for the buckling problem of non-uniform columns subjected to axial concentrated and distributed loading are obtained. In order to illustrate the proposed method, a numerical example is given in the last part of this paper.     

黏弹性层合圆柱壳的临界轴压分析

基于经典屈曲理论，研究了轴向受压黏弹性复合材料层合圆柱壳的临界屈曲载荷. 利用Boltzmann线性积分型本构关系描述铺设单层的各向异性黏弹性行为. 结合解析与数值 方法，由Donnell型屈曲控制方程以及边界条件的Laplace变换导出相空间的特征方程，根 据Laplace逆变换的极值定理，获得层合圆柱壳的瞬时弹性临界载荷与持久临界载荷. 针对 多组铺设方式，通过数值算例重点分析了临界载荷随铺设角的变化特征，两种临界载荷的峰 值点差异程度与铺设方式、几何参数以及材料类型的关系，得到了一些对黏弹性层合圆柱壳 的优化设计有参考价值的结论.     

Buckling of thin-walled columns accounting for initial geometrical imperfections

The paper is devoted to the effect of some geometrical imperfections on the critical buckling load of axially compressed thin-walled I-columns. The analytical formulas for the critical torsional and flexural buckling loads accounting for the initial curvature of the column axis or the twist angle respectively are derived. The classical assumptions of theory of thin-walled beams with non-deformable cross-sections are adopted. The non-linear differential equations are derived and the critical buckling loads are approximated by means of the Galerkin’s method. Comparison of analytical results to numerical analysis of simply supported I-columns by means of finite element method (FEM) is provided. Moreover the analytical formulas is adapted to I-columns with lipped flanges and satisfactory agreement of analytical and numerical results of stability analysis is observed.