煤沥青橡胶改质筑路油老化过程中族组成与性质变化

实验室与户外跟踪老化研究发现 ,道路沥青在使用过程中的质量蜕变主要是由于氧化作用[1,2 ]使得道路沥青中沥青质含量增加 ,改变了沥青中分散相与连续相的比例 ,致使沥青的性质发生变化 ,如软化点升高、针入度降低以及粘度增加等[3,4]。上述研究所取得的成果主要是以石油为原料的道路沥青 ,对以煤沥青为原料开发的改质筑路油研究较少。本文在成功开发煤沥青改质筑路油工艺的基础上 ,研究了改质筑路油热老化过程中族组成与性质的变化 ,由此提出煤沥青改质筑路油高温热老化过程中性质变化的主要原因。1　实验部分1 1　原料　试验所用原料为实…     

镶嵌结构沥青焦的制备与表征:重相沥青中QI含量的影响

镶嵌结构沥青焦作为一种特种人造炭材料,是制备高品质各向同性石墨和核石墨的重要原料。镶嵌结构沥青焦的性质在很大程度上决定了其石墨制品的质量。为进一步明确重相沥青中QI含量对其镶嵌结构沥青焦的结构及性质的影响,本研究以九种QI含量迥异的重相沥青为原料,制备了系列镶嵌结构沥青焦。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD、Raman光谱及分峰拟合的方法对镶嵌结构焦的微观结构进行了判定,并对九种镶嵌结构沥青焦的显微强度进行了研究。结果表明,重相沥青中QI含量越高,在液相炭化过程中越有利于镶嵌结构的生成。并且,随着重相沥青QI含量的增加,镶嵌结构沥青焦中趋于规整炭微晶含量逐渐降低,无定型炭含量逐渐增加,强度越大。当重相沥青中QI含量超过7%时,制备的镶嵌结构沥青焦中镶嵌结构总含量(细粒镶嵌、中粒镶嵌和粗粒镶嵌)超过82%,显微强度超过85%。换言之,QI含量超过7%的重相沥青是生产优质镶嵌结构沥青焦的优选原料。     

Hypercoal对不同炼焦煤炭化改质作用的显微镜研究

Hypercoal(HPC)被作为一种添加剂加入到两种性质不同的炼焦煤中,以探讨其对炼焦煤炭化的改质作用。通过偏光显微镜以及扫描电镜观测炭化产物的组织结构变化。结果表明,添加剂的用量以及粒径对炼焦煤炭化改质作用的大小与原料煤的煤质有关,对焦煤改质时要求添加剂颗粒的粒径较大;而对弱黏结性煤改质时,添加剂粒径较小且添加量较多更有利于黏结和熔融作用。通过添加HPC可改善焦煤因过度膨胀造成的不均匀孔隙结构,而且孔的数量与孔径减小,孔壁增厚;添加剂在炭化过程中产生的胶质体促进了弱黏结性煤的黏结和熔融,改善了炭化产物的结构。实验还考察了原料中水分、成型压力等因素对炭化产物结构的影响。结果表明,煤中水分会在炭化产物中产生特殊的孔隙结构,而成型压力对炭化改质作用则因原料煤质不同而不同。     

几种煤沥青热转化过程的对比

几种煤沥青热转化过程的对比冯映桐，水恒福，袁晓敏（华东冶金学院，马鞍山２４３００２）关键词　煤沥青，热转化，针状焦原料用于制取炼钢用超高功率电极的针状焦，其原料煤沥青的组成和性质首先要满足要求。本文选择了典型的五种煤沥青籍离心法预处理把影响热转化过程...     

^1HNMR／IR对道路沥青改质过程研究

采用１ＨＮＭＲ／ＩＲ相结合的手段求得了道路沥青较为准确的结构参数,研究了道路沥青改质过程中结构的变化。结果表明,随着沥青改质过程的进行,沥青的芳香度提高,平均结构单元芳碳原子数、芳环数和总环数有所增加。道路沥青的性质与其结构之间有着必然的联系,石油沥青芳香度的增加可以改善其延度,而烷基侧链的长度影响其针入度。对于不同结构的沥青,应采用不同结构的改质剂进行改质,以制得高质量的道路沥青     

化学法改性煤沥青脱除苯并芘的研究

在管式反应器中采用苯甲酸、聚乙二醇、固体古马隆树脂（S）、液体古马隆树脂（L）为添加剂来降低煤沥青中有害物质苯并芘的含量，以期使得煤沥青可绿色化应用。采用紫外-可见分光光度计分析煤沥青中苯并芘含量。考察了反应温度、反应时间、添加剂添加量、催化剂等工艺条件对添加剂脱除煤沥青中苯并芘的影响。结果表明，不同工艺条件能降低煤沥青中苯并芘的含量。在优化条件下，不同添加剂对苯并芘脱除率由高到低依次为：液体古马隆树脂、聚乙二醇、苯甲酸和固体古马隆树脂。分析其反应机理，这与催化剂的酸性相关，发生亲电取代反应。结果表明，液体古马隆树脂（L）在催化剂存在下对煤沥青中苯并芘脱除率可达73.0%，显示了良好的应用前景。     

热改质过程中渣油结构及其重组分溶剂化变化规律研究

以委内瑞拉减压渣油为原料,采用微型反应釜,研究了其在410℃、2.0 MPa氮气初压下,不同反应停留时间的热改质过程生成油的化学结构组成及其重组分溶剂化变化规律。通过1H-NM R技术研究了热改质过程生成油中沥青质和重胶质不同化学位移归属氢的转化路径;并结合改进的Brown-Ladner法分析了热改质过程生成油中沥青质和重胶质的平均分子结构参数变化;采用蒸汽压渗透法考察了热改质过程生成油中沥青质和重胶质在甲苯溶液中所形成的复合超分子结构的平均相对分子质量。结果表明,随着热改质程度的加深,沥青质和重胶质的H/C原子比减小,供氢能力逐渐下降,沥青质和重胶质的芳香环共轭程度和fA在体系生焦后(45 min)显著提高;沥青质的聚集趋势相关值在热改质15 min前变化不大,15 min后显著增强,而重胶质在整个热改质过程中,其聚集趋势相关值的增势较为缓和;沥青质和重胶质的聚集趋势相关值差异逐渐增大,15 min时增加了1.5%、25 min时增加了50.8%、45 min时增加了142.3%,表明沥青质和重胶质的结构差异越来越明显;重胶质溶剂化沥青质的能力逐步减弱,体系的溶剂化参数从0时的32.9%逐步降到15 min时的29.5%、25 min时的14.1%和45 min时的9.6%;热改质生成油的斑点实验等级逐渐增加,体系的胶体稳定性逐渐降低。     

低温热改质煤表面性质变化及其对浆体流变特性的影响

考察了几种褐煤热改质过程中表面性质的变化及其对浆体流变特性的影响。研究发现，在２００～３００℃温度范围内，热改质煤表面产生显著的收缩作用，活性含氧官能团尤其是羟基官能团的分解使煤表面疏水化作用显著增强，从而使煤的吸水性大幅度降低。上述煤表面性质的变化是该温度范围内热改质煤成浆性得以大幅度提高的主要原因。相关微分分析进一步表明，煤表面羧基官能团和与之相关的煤的吸水性是制约煤成浆性尤其是低阶煤成浆性的首要因素，而未发现酚羟基官能团能产生重要的影响。对浆体流变特性的研究表明，浆体的屈服假塑性与煤表面活性含氧官能团和矿物质的含量有关，煤表面较高的亲水性有利于浆体屈服假塑性的改善，从而使其对浆体性质的影响具有双重性。     

代温热改质煤表面性质变化及其对浆体流变特性的影响

考察了几种褐煤热改质过程中表面性质的变化及其对浆体流变特性的影响。研究发现，在２００－３００℃温度范围内，热改质煤表面产生显著的收缩作用，活性含氧官能团尤其是羟基官能团的分解使煤表面疏水作用显著增强，从而使煤的吸水性大幅度降低。     

煤沥青的电化学加氢──Ⅰ．原料煤沥青的预处理和组成结构分析

为选择适于作为碳纤维原料的煤沥青，对三种中低温煤沥青的预处理和组成结构进行了研究，同时对其中的太钢煤沥青进行了热缩聚制取中间相沥青的结构变化分析。研究分析结果表明，只要经过合适的工艺路线进行处理，这三种煤沥青都有可能作为沥青基碳纤维的原料。     

Extraction of coal-tar pitch using NMP/ILs mixed solvents

Coal-tar pitch(CP)is a promising carbon raw material for producing needle coke,carbon fiber etc.During processing,the H/C ratio,ash content,and quinoline insoluble(QI)in the CP are the key factors that influence the material preparation.In this study,NMP was selected to extract CP first;then[BMIM]Cl/NMP mixed solvent was used;and finally a series of ionic liquids(ILs)mixtures with NMP were developed for the extraction of CP to obtain the refined pitch.The extracts were analyzed via elemental analysis,TGA,FT-IR,and 13C-NMR.Results indicate that different NMP/IL mass ratios or different kinds of ILs have impact on the extraction yield.The relationship of the hydrogen to carbon(H/C)ratio changed with different solvents and QI extracts were obtained.Results showed that the H/C ratios changed little between NMP extracts and could be adjusted by changing the NMP/ILs mass ratio or using different ILs.The extracts are suitable for preparation mesophase pitch because of no ash content,low QI,and appropriate H/C ratios.As a result,NMP can be used to refine pitch.In addition,[BMIM]Cl is good mixed with NMP for CP extraction,because it can obtain a relatively high yield under the same extraction conditions.     

聚丙烯酸酯/聚苯乙烯乳胶互穿聚合物网络阻尼性能的研究

聚丙烯酸酯／聚苯乙烯乳胶互穿聚合物网络阻尼性能的研究刘瑞瑛王静媛韩庆国李玉玮汤心颐（吉林大学化学系长春１３００２３）关键词互穿聚合物网络，聚丙烯酸酯，聚苯乙烯，阻尼性能，乳胶自１９６９年Ｓｐｅｒｌｉｎｇ和Ｆｒｉｓｃｈ分别发展了ＭｉｌａｒＩＰＮ的...     

光诱导聚合蒙脱土插层纳米复合材料的研究

用两种光聚合法研究了蒙脱土插层复合材料的制备.用小角X光衍射技术对产物内蒙脱土的结构进行表征,结果表明,蒙脱土经改性后能很好地使聚合单体及预聚物插入黏土层内并在光照下"就地”聚合生成光聚合复合材料.对光聚合法制备蒙脱土纳米复合材料的优缺点进行了初步讨论.     

Low-temperature co-pyrolysis of a low-rank coal and biomass to prepare smokeless fuel briquettes

Smokeless fuel briquettes have been prepared with low-rank coal and biomass. These raw materials have been mixed in different ratios and have been pyrolysed at 600 °C with the aim to reduce both the volatile matter and the sulphur content, and to increase the high calorific value (HCV). The co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass has shown a synergetic effect. The biomass favours the release of hydrogen sulphide during the thermal treatment. This fact can be explained in terms of the hydrogen-donor character of the biomass. Moreover, the optimisation of the amount of binder and the influence of different types of biomass in the blend have been studied with respect to the mechanical properties of the briquettes (impact resistance, compression strength and abrasion). Briquettes prepared with sawdust (S) present better mechanical properties than those with olive stones (O) because of its fibrous texture.     

PU/纳米SiO2溶胶杂化材料的前端聚合研究

前端聚合(FP)是通过在单体前端区域引发增长聚合将单体合成为聚合物的一种不同于传统的反应模式．它是一种通过局部反应区域在聚合物单体中的移动而将聚合物单体转变为聚合物的一种反应模式,主要运用在放热反应中,在反应初始阶段进行短时间的加热,然后停止加热,借助放热反应的热自催化完成单体的聚合。根据反应机理的不同,     

Thermal stability of hybrid materials based on epoxy functional (poly)siloxanes

Epoxy functional (poly)siloxanes are one of the most important classes of modified silicones. Due to high reactivity of epoxy group and specific features of siloxane chain, they can make an excellent raw material for synthesis of hybrid materials. Results obtained in this study have shown that both the modification of epoxy resins with epoxy functional disiloxanes as well as the application of polysiloxanes with long polysiloxane chains and a specified content of epoxy groups makes it possible to produce hybrid materials of very good thermal stability. Crosslinking reactions were carried out with use of four diamines of which the best one appeared to be 4,4??-diaminodiphenylmethane. The highest thermal stability was found in the case of hybrid materials obtained from epoxy functional polysiloxanes.     

Microstructural characterization of next generation nuclear graphites

This article reports the microstructural characteristics of various petroleum and pitch based nuclear graphites (IG-110, NBG-18, and PCEA) that are of interest to the next generation nuclear plant program. Bright-field transmission electron microscopy imaging was used to identify and understand the different features constituting the microstructure of nuclear graphite such as the filler particles, microcracks, binder phase, rosette-shaped quinoline insoluble (QI) particles, chaotic structures, and turbostratic graphite phase. The dimensions of microcracks were found to vary from a few nanometers to tens of microns. Furthermore, the microcracks were found to be filled with amorphous carbon of unknown origin. The pitch coke based graphite (NBG-18) was found to contain higher concentration of binder phase constituting QI particles as well as chaotic structures. The turbostratic graphite, present in all of the grades, was identified through their elliptical diffraction patterns. The difference in the microstructure has been analyzed in view of their processing conditions.     

纳米粒子在乙炔聚合反应中的催化作用

纳米粒子在乙炔聚合反应中的催化作用王彦妮，张志琨，崔作林（青岛化工学院纳米材料研究所，青岛２６６０４２）关键词纳米粒子，乙炔，聚合反应，催化作用纳米粒子具有较大的比表面积，因而具有传统材料所没有的独特的光、电、磁等性能．对纳米粒子的研究始于６０年代．...     

双连续相微乳液辐射聚合制备多孔材料的研究

利用6 0 Co γ射线在室温下辐照双连续相微乳液体系以制备多孔聚合物材料 ,试图在控制多孔材料的微孔结构形态和减少微乳液聚合过程中的相分离方面做一些探索 .通过电导率的测量分析微乳液的结构类型 ,并确定微乳液的双连续相区域范围 .微乳液聚合后所得的样品的孔结构和聚合前的微乳液结构类型有关 ,扫描电镜和热重分析的结果表明双连续相微乳液在聚合时容易发生相分离 ,未必能够得到开孔结构的聚合物 .但适当控制聚合前微乳液的组成 ,如选择合适的水油比例、交联剂的用量和加入一些功能性单体 (如甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸钠 ) ,可以有效地抑制相分离 ,调节所得聚合物的结构形态 .     

Studies on the Structure and Properties of Cordierite Synthesized by Talc-Magnesite

Homogeneous cordierite has been synthesized at low cost by talc-magnesite and coal gangue as the main raw materials. The mechanism of synthesizing cordierite under such a com- posing system of raw materials, and the effect of temperature on the crystal cell parameters and microstructure and thermal expansion coefficient of cordierite crystal have been studied via testing methods of XRD, SEM, etc. The result shows that the homogeneous cordierite can be synthesized by the systematic composing materials of “talc-magnesite—coal gangue—talc” with heat pre- servation at 1350 ℃ for 1 h; as the keeping time is prolonged, Al3+ and Mg2+ in cordierite crystal are replaced by a few impurity ions such as Fe3+, Fe2+, etc., and the crystal cell parameters of cordierite present an increase trend; as the high-temperature heat preservation is prolonged, the content of glassy phase in the sample is increased, its density is improved, and its thermal expansion coeffi- cient presents an increase trend.