微波等离子体诱导聚乙烯表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯

聚乙烯（ＰＥ）通常作为性能优良的薄膜材料被广泛使用,但由于其表面能低,导致表面亲水性差,粘结性弱,染色性能、印刷性能等很不理想［１,２］．在高分子材料的各种表面改性方法中,接枝共聚是一种很有效的途径［３～５］．本文探讨了用微波冷等离子体激活聚乙烯表面...     

乙二醇表面改性纳米二氧化钛的制备及其对水性聚氨酯的改性

以乙二醇(EG)和钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为原料,采用原位表面修饰方法成功制备了乙二醇表面改性纳米TiO2(EG-TiO2);利用傅立叶红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜表征了其结构,采用热重分析仪测定了其热稳定性.结果表明,经表面修饰的纳米二氧化钛在水性聚氨酯皮革涂饰剂(WPU)基体中分散良好;将EG-TiO2添加到WPU中能显著提高其抗紫外线性能、热稳定性及耐磨性能.     

生物降解高分子——一类重要的生物材料 2.生物相容性及脂肪族聚酯的表面改性

脂肪族聚酯是一类越来越受到关注的生物可降解生物材料。由于所有的医疗和药物制品在临床应用时都将不同程度地同机体组织或血液接触,而其表面又将是首先与机体组织或血液接触的部分,因此脂肪族聚酯医用制品的表面生物相容性更是同制品生物安全性和有效性有直接关系的性质。本文在分析脂肪族聚酯自身特性及对其制品表面生物相容性影响因素的基础上,介绍了采用物理、化学和等离子体处理方法对脂肪族聚酯制品表面生物相容性的改进。在分析和讨论各表面改性方法优点的同时,也指出了该法所存在的缺点、不足和应用的局限性。从而可为提高具体的脂肪族聚酯医用制品的表面生物相容性提供可供选择的表面改性方法。     

高强聚乙烯纤维的冷等离子体改进

高强聚乙烯纤维的冷等离子体改进金士九，倪亦斌，张佐光（中国科学院化学研究所北京１０００８０）（北京航空航天大学北京）关键词　高强聚乙烯纤维，等离子体，表面改性，界面性能由高强聚乙烯纤维制成的复合材料抗高速撞击（抗弹）性能远远优于芳纶纤维，广泛用作各种...     

低分子量氯磺化聚乙烯对纳米Si3N4粉体表面处理

用降解氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶(CSM)的方法制备了低分子量氯磺化聚乙烯(LMCSM),将其作大分子表面改性剂对纳米氮化硅(Si3N4)粉体进行表面修饰,对改性前后的纳米Si3N4粉体采用沉降实验、FT-IR、TEM、TGA等方法进行了表征. 结果表明,LMCSM对纳米Si3N4粉体的改性主要为化学改性,其化学利用率为54%,物理利用率为29%;改性后的纳米Si3N4粉体的表面自由能从142.6 J/M2降至66.89 J/M2,在三氯甲烷中分散良好.     

低温等离子体对超高分子聚乙烯纤维表面改性研究

介绍了低温等离子放电技术的概念、原理、实施方法及其在超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维表面改性方面的应用。综述了国内外低温等离子体对UHMWPE纤维表面改性的最新研究成果,阐述了气体等离子体种类、处理功率和处理时间等因素对UHMWPE纤维表面改性效果的影响机理,以及低温等离子设备对UHMWPE纤维表面改性连续化的初步...     

聚乙烯的表面光接枝改性研究进展

综述了紫外光引发接枝改性聚乙烯表面的研究进展,包括光接枝聚合机理,改性方法,接枝链的结构和形态,影响因素等。     

碳纤维表面改性研究进展

碳纤维因其优异的综合性能常被用作树脂基体的增强材料.然而由于碳纤维与树脂基体之间的界面结合性能较差,其增强的复合材料的力学性能往往与理论值相差甚远,因此必须对碳纤维进行表面改性,以提高其与聚合物基体的界面粘结性能.本文作者综述了国内外关于碳纤维表面改性技术的研究进展,概述了涂层法、氧化法、高能辐射法等改性方法对碳纤维增强复合材料界面强度的改性效果.     

富锂锰基正极材料的表面改性研究进展

随着电动汽车和储能电站等电力设备的快速发展,对高能量密度的锂离子电池的需求日益增加.高比容量（>250 mAh·g^-1）的富锂锰基正极材料,有望成为锂离子电池实现高比能量（>350 Wh·kg^-1）的关键正极材料.富锂锰基正极材料的Li₂MnO₃相和晶格氧参与电化学反应使其拥有了高容量,但这也导致表面结构和成分容易发生变化,进而造成富锂锰基正极材料存在着诸如首次库伦效率低、倍率性能差和循环后电压和容量衰减严重等问题.因此,本文综述了富锂锰基正极材料的表面包覆、表面掺杂和表面化学处理三种表面改性方法,并进一步讨论了三种表面改性方法对材料性能提升的机制机理和优缺点.在此基础上,介绍了近些年基于多方法的表面联合改性工作.通过对富锂锰基正极材料进行表面联合改性,不仅可以改善其结构稳定性和抑制电极/电解液界面副反应,而且可以缓解其在循环过程中不断发生的结构转变和晶格氧的析出问题.最后,对富锂锰基正极材料表面改性研究方向进行了总结和展望.     

纳米碳酸钙的表面改性研究

纳米产品(材料)是当今世界高科技产品之一.纳米碳酸钙作为粉体产品中的一种,以高纯、超细、改性和功能性为标志,广泛应用于橡胶、塑料、造纸、油墨、涂料、医药、化妆品等各行各业[1-2].主要用作填充材料,因粒度超细、分散性好,可以增加填充量,降低制品成本,改善制品性能,提高制品档次,拓宽制品使用范围.近年来,随着CaCO3的超细化、结构复杂化及表面改性技术的发展,极大地提高了它的应用价值.对不同形态的超细CaCO3制备技术的研究,已成为许多先进国家竞相开发的热点[3-5].     

SMA高级醇酯的合成及其对HDPE表面的改性

以苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)为骨架,通过酯化反应,在SMA上接枝不同链长的高级脂肪醇侧链,制备了一系列大分子表面改性剂。将SMA及其高级醇酯化物与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行共混,利用全反射红外光谱(FT-IR-ATR)及水接触角对共混体系的表面特性进行了研究。结果表明:在较低添加量范围内(w≤0.04),SMA的高级醇酯化物可以在HDPE薄膜的表面择优富集,可明显降低薄膜的水接触角,提高薄膜的表面能。     

UV grafting of methacrylic acid and acrylic acid on high‐density polyethylene in different solvents and the wettability of grafted high‐density polyethylene. II. Wettability

The wettability of high‐density polyethylene grafted with methacrylic acid is strongly influenced by the nature of the grafting solvent. Here, the wettability is expressed by the water contact angle and absorbency. The initial (10‐s) contact angle of polyethylene (PE) grafted in acetone/water solution decreased rapidly with the extent of grafting at low grafting levels and then remained independent of the grafting level at about 50°. When a water droplet was left on the surface for a longer time, its contact angle decreased to a very low value in the period of about 10 min. For the PE samples grafted in dichloromethane, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, and chloroform, there was only a small decrease (10°) in the contact angle of water from that observed on pure PE, even when the extent of grafting was very large. The PE films grafted in these organic solvents also took a much longer time than PE films grafted in acetone/ water solution to obtain equilibrium water absorbency. The water absorbency of PE films grafted in 30% acetone/water solution was about twice that of PE films grafted in the other solvents at the same extent of grafting. These results suggested that for the solvents other than acetone/water, the grafted layer is partially buried below the surface of PE. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 263–270, 2004     

马来酸酐-苯乙烯多组分单体熔融接枝高密度聚乙烯机理及性能研究

用单螺杆挤出机制备了马来酸酐-苯乙烯(MAH-St)多单体熔融接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)体系,研究发现添加St共同接枝,可以显著提高接枝物的接枝率.随着St的增加,接枝率先增大后有所降低.当两种单体物质的量比约为1:1时,接枝物的接枝率最高,此时接枝物的熔体流动速率(MFR)最小.即MAH接枝率越高,接枝物的MFR越...     

聚乙烯表面接枝聚合改性及抗凝血性的研究

聚乙烯(PE)膜经Ar等离子体预处理,无光引发剂紫外光照接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA),然后进行肝素化处理,以改善PE的抗凝血性能。用正交实验确定接枝反应的最优条件。通过X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和接触角测定PE膜接枝GMA前后表面性能和表面形貌。用复钙时间、凝血酶原时间、部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间和血小板粘附实验对其抗凝血性能进行评价,结果表明,被修饰PE膜的抗凝血性能显著提高。     

Plasma-mediated grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) on polyamide and polyester surfaces and evaluation of antifouling ability of modified substrates

A simple cold plasma technique was developed to functionalize the surfaces of polyamide (PA) and polyester (PET) for the grafting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the aim of reducing biofilm formation. The surfaces of PA and PET were treated with silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) plasma, and PEG was grafted onto plasma-functionalized substrates (PA-PEG, PET-PEG). Different molecular weights of PEG and grafting times were tested to obtain optimal surface coverage by PEG as monitored by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The presence of a predominant C-O peak on the PEG-modified substrates indicated that the grafting was successful. Data from hydroxyl group derivatization and water contact angle measurement also indicated the presence of PEG after grafting. The PEG-grafted PA and PET under optimal conditions had similar chemical composition and hydrophilicity; however, different morphology changes were observed after grafting. Both PA-PEG and PET-PEG surfaces developed under optimal plasma conditions showed about 96% reduction in biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes compared with that of the corresponding unmodified substrates. This plasma functionalization method provided an efficient way to graft PEG onto PA and PET surfaces. Because of the high reactivity of Si-Cl species, this method could potentially be applied to other polymeric materials.     

Effect of molecular weight on synthesis and surface morphology of high-density poly(ethylene glycol) grafted layers

This work describes studying the permanent grafting of carboxylic acid end-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG) chains of different molecular weights from the melt onto a surface employing poly(glycidyl methacrylate) ultrathin film as an anchoring layer. The grafting led to the synthesis of the complete PEG brushes possessing exceptionally high grafting density. The maximum thickness of the attached PEG films was strongly dependent on the length of the polymer chains being grafted. The maximum grafting efficiency was close to the critical entanglement molecular weight region for PEG. All grafted PEG layers were in the "brush regime", since the distance between grafting sites for the layers was lower than the end-to-end distance for the anchored macromolecules. Scanning probe microscopy revealed that the grafting process led to complete PEG layers with surface smoothness on a nanometric scale. Practically all samples were partly or fully covered with crystalline domains that disappeared when samples were scanned under water. Due to the PEG hydrophilic nature, the surface with the grafted layer exhibited a low (up to 21 degrees ) water contact angle.     

Solvent effects on the synthesis of ion-exchange membranes by radiation-induced graft polymerization of methyl α,β,β-trifluoroacrylate

Methyl α,β,β-trifluoroacrylate (MTFA) was grafted onto polyethylene (PE) film and fluorine-containing films to make ion-exchange membranes. In the case of PE the grafting yield was not influenced by the presence of trifluorotrichloroethane (Freon 113) in the reaction mixture, while the presence of methanol decreased the grafting yield. The transversal distribution of graft chains in the film observed by electron-probe x-ray microanalysis showed that when the grafting was carried out in the presence of Freon the amount of graft chains in the central part of PE film was much larger than that at the film surface and that the grafts obtained in the absence of Freon were located mainly at the film surface. The electric resistance of the graft PE film obtained in the presence of Freon decreased more than that of the one obtained in the absence of Freon. The weight loss of the graft films in H₂O₂ solution was negligibly small.     

Styrene-assisted free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto polyethylene in the melt

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is a very useful monomer as it bears an epoxy group which is capable of reacting with various other functional groups. However, its melt free radical grafting reactivity onto a polymer backbone is low. In this study, we show that the use of styrene (St) as a comonomer greatly promotes both GMA's grafting yield and grafting rate onto polyethylene (PE). It is proposed that, in the presence of St, the dominant mechanism of the free radical grafting of GMA onto PE is that St reacts first with PE secondary macroradicals and the resulting styryl macroradicals then copolymerize with GMA leading to grafted GMA. We also show that the contribution of St is not related to an improved solubility of GMA in the molten PE. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2763–2774, 1998     

Radiation-induced grafting of diallyldimethylammonium chloride onto acrylic acid grafted polyethylene

Diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) was grafted onto polyethylene (PE) films by a double grafting procedure. The PE film was initially modified by grafting acrylic acid (AA), through a mutual irradiation method. AA-g-PE film, thus obtained was subjected to subsequent radiation grafting reaction of DADMAC, to give a DADMAC-g-AA-g-PE film having a comb-type structure. The influence of different conditions, such as the extent of AA grafting, DADMAC concentration, absorbed dose and dose rate, on the grafting yield of DADMAC was investigated. A maximum DADMAC grafting of 30% was achieved. The equilibrium degree of swelling (EDS) of the grafted films were gravimetrically determined. TGA and FT-IR techniques were employed to characterize the grafted PE films.     

多孔TiO2薄膜自洁净玻璃的亲水性和光催化活性

亲水性多孔TiO₂薄膜自洁净玻璃以含聚乙二醇的钛醇盐溶胶前驱体中通过浸渍提拉法制备;随着前驱物中聚乙二醇加入量的增加,多孔TiO₂薄膜表面的羟基含量也增加,薄膜表面的亲水性增强,水与薄膜表面的接触角下降为0°.该亲水性多孔TiO₂薄膜自洁净玻璃具有明显的自洁净和易清洗功能.紫外-可见光透过光谱分析表明,随着TiO₂薄膜中孔径的增大,光的散射增强,透光率减小.该TiO₂镀膜玻璃对于紫外线具有吸收作用.甲基橙水溶液的光催化降解实验表明,在TiO₂薄膜中引入适当大小的微孔可显著增强薄膜的光催化活性,但当孔径接近400nm时,薄膜的光催化活性减弱.