枝晶状纳米铜修饰激光诱导石墨烯电化学传感器的制备及其在葡萄糖检测中的应用

本文以柔性聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜为原料,采用激光雕刻方法构筑激光诱导石墨烯(LIG)三电极阵列。以此为基底,通过电沉积方法制备Ag/AgCl参比电极和枝晶状纳米Cu修饰工作电极,用于构建柔性非酶型葡萄糖电化学传感器。在0.1 mol/L NaOH和0.1 mol/L KCl的混合溶液中,施加0.5 V检测电位,其检测葡萄糖的灵敏度为1 554.5μA/(mmol/L·cm~2),线性范围为0.5～365.5μmol/L,检测限(S/N=3)为0.098μmol/L。该柔性传感器具有良好的重现性,其相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)为2.96%;同时对多巴胺、抗坏血酸、尿酸、5-羟色胺和组胺等物质具有良好的抗干扰能力。     

碳纳米管/纳米二氧化钛-聚苯胺载铂复合电极

研究了多壁碳纳米管/纳米二氧化钛-聚苯胺载铂(CNT/nanoTiO2-PAn-Pt)复合电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化作用.以0.5 mol/LKOH水溶液为底液,采用微分脉冲法在-0.5-0.2V电位区间扫描,在-0.33V(vs,SCE)附近产生的氧化电流峰灵敏度高且峰型好,故以此峰为定量峰.葡萄糖浓度在1.25×10-2～1.0×10-5 mol/L与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.99881,检出限为5.0×10-6 mol/L.加入0.06m mol/L的抗坏血酸或0.3m mol/L的尿酸(模拟人血成份)均不干扰葡萄糖的测定.该电极对模拟血液中葡萄糖的测定,结果令人满意.     

碳纳米管／纳米二氧化钛-聚苯胺载铂复合电极微分脉冲法测定葡萄糖

研究了多壁碳纳米管/纳米二氧化钛-聚苯胺载铂(CNT/nanoTiO2-PAn-Pt)复合电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化作用。以0.5 mol/LKOH水溶液为底液,采用微分脉冲法在-0.5-0.2V电位区间扫描,在-0.33V(vs,SCE)附近产生的氧化电流峰灵敏度高且峰型好,故以此峰为定量峰。葡萄糖浓度在1.25×10-2~1.0×10-5mol/L与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.99881,检出限为5.0×10-6mol/L。加入0.06m mol/L的抗坏血酸或0.3m mol/L的尿酸(模拟人血成份)均不干扰葡萄糖的测定。该电极对模拟血液中葡萄糖的测定,结果令人满意。     

聚苯胺/钴-氧化钴膜作传感元件的pH传感器的性能

研究了在玻碳电极上修饰不同物质所制得的pH传感器,通过电位滴定的方法比较得出先修饰聚苯胺,再修饰钴-氧化钴膜的电极对pH有较好的响应,能代替玻璃电极应用在实际样品测定中. 探究了最佳修饰条件为:先在0.1 mol/L苯胺的盐酸(1 mol/L)溶液中, 电位范围为-0.2～1.0 V,以100 mV/s 的扫描速率循环伏安扫描10圈修饰聚苯胺膜;接着在含2.0×10-4 mol/L Co2+的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)(pH=7.5)中,电位范围为-1.2～1.2 V,以100 mV/s的扫描速率循环伏安扫描 5圈修饰钴-氧化钴膜. 得到的修饰电极响应斜率为-61.60 mV/pH,响应范围pH值为0.5～13.     

姜黄素的电化学性质及其测定

在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 3.0)中,姜黄素于玻碳电极上存在可逆的单电子转移过程,据此,本文建立了以差示脉冲伏安扫描法检测姜黄素含量的新方法.在+0.8V(vs.SCE)电位下,含姜黄素的电解液(试样)于玻碳电极上经过富集,可得一灵敏的还原峰,峰电位Ep为+0.386V.峰电流Ip与姜黄素浓度(1.0×10-8~2.5×10-7mol/L范围内)成线性关系,最低检出限为4.0×10-9mol/L.本法操作简单、快速、灵敏、准确,可用于药物中姜黄素含量直接测定.     

零流电位法对4-氨基联苯的检测

以铅笔芯电极(PGE)为工作电极,铂电极为对电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,在含4. 0×10-3mol/L丙烯酸、1. 0×10-3mol/L 4-氨基联苯(4-ABP)的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS,p H 7. 17)中,采用循环伏安法以0. 1 V·s-1在-1. 6～1. 6 V电位范围循环扫描16圈,经超声洗脱6 min后制得4-氨基联苯印迹聚合物修饰电极(4-ABP-MIP/PGE)。零流电位法下,在4-ABP浓度0. 005～50μmol/L范围内,4-ABP-MIP/PGE的零流电位EZCP与4-ABP浓度的对数呈线性关系,检出限为1. 07 nmol/L。将该传感器用于实际样品中4-ABP的检测,平均回收率为96. 0%～102%。     

葡萄糖氧化酶在石墨烯-纳米氧化锌修饰玻碳电极上的直接电化学及对葡萄糖的生物传感

采用滴涂法和电沉积法制备了石墨烯/纳米氧化锌复合膜修饰玻碳电极,再将葡萄糖氧化酶固定在修饰电极表面制成了电化学生物传感器,用于葡萄糖的灵敏测定。用循环伏安法在-0.7～-0.1 V范围内研究了葡萄糖氧化酶在修饰电极上的直接电化学行为。结果表明,石墨烯/纳米氧化锌复合膜能很好地保持葡萄糖氧化酶的生物活性,并显著促进了其电化学过程。在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.0)中,固定在修饰电极上的葡萄糖氧化酶呈现出一对近乎可逆的氧化还原峰,并且对葡萄糖的氧化具有良好的催化作用。葡萄糖氧化酶在修饰电极上的电子转移常数ks为1.42 s-1,修饰电极对葡萄糖催化的米氏常数Kampp为14.2μmol/L。线性范围为2.5×10-6～1.5×10-3mol/L,检出限为2.4×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。此修饰电极具有良好的导电性能、稳定性和重现性,可用于实际样品的分析测定。     

基于石墨/聚吡咯电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

采用电化学聚合技术,在掺杂的导电聚吡咯薄膜修饰过的铅笔芯电极上,吸附葡萄糖氧化酶制备葡萄糖生物传感器。首先在含有0.1 mol/L吡咯和0.01 mol/L HCl的溶液中,于0.7 V恒电位下吡咯单体氧化聚合,在铅笔芯电极表面形成聚吡咯薄膜;然后将葡萄糖氧化酶吸附在修饰过的电极上制备出葡萄糖氧化酶-聚吡咯-铅笔芯电极电流型生物传感器。实验考察了吡咯聚合时间、聚合温度、葡萄糖氧化酶吸附量、检测电压以及干扰物对传感器性能的影响。实验结果表明,在优化条件下,传感器的灵敏度为17.78μA/mmol/L,线性范围0.8 mmol/L,线性相关度R=0.9918,响应时间小于16 s,检测下限为18.75μmol/L,有较强的抗干扰能力。     

吡硫醇在单壁碳纳米管修饰电极上电化学行为的研究

研究了吡硫醇在单壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为,提出了一种检测吡硫醇的电化学方法.在0.1 mol/L的NaAc-HAc(pH 4.0)缓冲溶液中,吡硫醇在单壁碳纳米管修饰电极上出现一灵敏的氧化峰,峰电位位于0094 V处.与裸玻碳电极相比,单壁碳纳米管修饰电极显著提高了吡硫醇的氧化峰电流.在最佳实验条件下,吡硫醇浓度在9.9×10~(-6)～5.7×10~(-4) mol/L范围内与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2.98×10~(-7) mol/L.吡硫醇在单壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的氧化过程受吸附控制,为1电子2质子的过程.     

聚苯胺/膨胀石墨电极的制备及其用于聚合物半电池的研究

以膨胀石墨作为基底电极, 采用恒电位法合成了聚苯胺(PAn), 并探讨了在膨胀石墨基底电极上电聚合生成PAn的电化学条件. 结果表明: 聚合电位为0.8 V, 苯胺和硫酸的浓度分别为0.2和0.3 mol/L的条件下电聚合得到的PAn具有最佳的电化学活性. 分别以PAn/膨胀石墨和金属Mg为工作电极, 铂片为辅助电极, 饱和甘汞电极为参比电极组成三电极体系, 测定PAn/膨胀石墨和Mg在0.1 mol/L的NaNO₂, MgCl₂, Mg(NO₃)₂及磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)等不同电解质溶液中的极化曲线, 实验结果表明电解液的种类对PAn的稳定性影响不大, 而Mg在0.1 mol/L NaNO₂溶液中的稳定性最高. 以PAn/膨胀石墨作为阴极, 金属Mg为阳极, 0.1 mol/L NaNO₂为电解液组装成Mg│NaNO₂│PAn电池, 并考察了基于该聚合物电极的电池在电流密度为30 mA•g^－1时的恒电流放电行为. 相比于其它电解液, 该电池在0.1 mol/L NaNO₂电解液中具有较高的开路电位(1.84 V)和放电比容量(0.19 Ah•g^－1).     

EQCM studies on polypyrrole in aqueous solutions

Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) studies revealed that the electrochemical properties of polypyrrole (PPY) in aqueous solutions are greatly dependent on the solution pH. A PPY film immersed in an aqueous KCl solution shows redox processes which involve not only anion transport but also cation transport if the solution pH is greater than 3–4, whereas at lower pH values only anion transport prevails as has been widely recognized. It has been found from comparative studies using poly(N-methylpyrrole) that protonation and deprotonation at nitrogen atoms of PPY play a key role in the observed pH-dependent electrochemical behavior. Deprotonated PPY allows transient incorporation of hydrated cations upon reduction in weak alkaline aqueous solutions, followed by slow ejection of the incorporated cations when conventional electrolytes such as KCl and NaClO₄ are used, but not in NH₄Cl solution. Discussion on the cation transport in PPY is made in terms of deprotonation and protonation of nitrogen atoms of pyrrole subunits in PPY.     

Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of DNA on Polycrystalline Gold Electrodes

Electrochemical CV and SWV studies were performed with double stranded DNA from salmon testes (dsDNA) and single stranded DNAs, containing 25 nucleotides (ssDNA) directly adsorbed at polycrystalline Au electrodes. A distinct oxidation peak at +730 mV (SWV, scan rate 0.248 V s^?1) or at +730 – +780 mV (CV, scan rate from 0.3 to 1 V s^?1) was obtained with DNA‐modified Au electrodes after a time‐dependent prepolarization step at a positive potential value, i.e., at +500 mV (vs. Ag|AgCl), performed with the DNA‐modified Au electrodes dipped in a blank buffer solution. No electrochemical activity was detected when ssDNA, containing no guanines, was used for adsorptive modification of the Au electrodes. Electrochemical impedance measurements registered a possible reorganization of the adsorbed DNA layer in the course of the prepolarization, accompanied by decreasing in‐phase impedance. The results enable us to relate the oxidation process observed at the DNA‐modified Au electrodes with the oxidation of guanine residues in DNA.     

活性炭二次活化对其电化学容量的影响

为进一步提高作为电化学超级电容器电极材料活性炭的电化学容量, 采用KOH作为二次活性剂, 将所得活性炭进行二次化学活化处理, 从而得到二次活化活性炭. 将原始活性炭材料与二次活化活性炭材料都分别经过系列处理, 组装成电化学超级电容器进行电化学性能测试. 测试结果表明, 二次活化活性炭材料的电化学容量达到145.0 F·g-1(有机电解液), 远远大于原活性炭材料的容量(45.0 F·g-1). 为研究二次活化活性炭材料电化学容量大幅提高的原因, 将这两种材料分别进行微观结构数据测试, 包括比表面积、N2吸脱附等温曲线和孔径分布. 研究结果表明, 二次活化处理大大增加了二次活化活性炭材料在孔径为2-3 nm的中孔分布, 从而证实对于有机电解液, 电极材料在2-3 nm的中孔对其电化学容量的提高具有重要意义.     

导电聚吡咯的研究

介绍了1995年获国家自然科学二等奖项目“导电聚吡咯的研究”（主要完成人：钱人元、李永舫、毕先同、裴启兵、鄢宝珍）的主要研究成果以及获奖后的研究新进展,涉及的研究内容包括导电聚吡咯的电化学聚合过程和机理、导电聚吡咯的结构、稳定性、电化学性质以及导电聚吡咯复合材料的制备等。     

硫代硫酸盐在铂电极上的电化学氧化行为

用循环伏安法测定了硫代硫酸盐在铂电极上的电化学氧化行为, 结果表明, 其电化学氧化行为与体系的pH和扫描速度密切相关. 当pH为5~6时, 硫代硫酸盐的循环伏安曲线出现三个氧化峰, 峰电位分别在0.05 V、0.58 V和1.02 V附近, 随pH值升高和扫描速度的降低, 0.05 V附近的氧化峰逐渐变得明显, 同时各氧化峰的峰电位与扫描速度的对数, 峰电流与扫描速度的平方根均成很好的线性关系；当pH为8~9时, 硫代硫酸盐的循环伏安曲线出现三个明显的氧化峰, 峰电位分别在0.05 V、0.91 V和1.22 V附近. 随扫描速度降低, 循环伏安曲线出现交叉, 体系呈现明显的电化学振荡行为；但当pH=10时, 1.22 V附近的氧化峰消失. 硫代硫酸盐的电化学氧化行为非常复杂, 电化学氧化机制随体系pH的变化而变化.     

Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Electrochemically Deposited Gold Nanoparticles Covered by Polypyrrole

Graphite rod (GR) modified with electrochemicaly deposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and adsorbed glucose oxidase (GOx) was used in amperometric glucose biosensor design. Enzymatic formation of polypyrrole (Ppy) on the surface of GOx/AuNPs/GR electrode was applied in order to improve analytical characteristics and stability of developed biosensor. The linear glucose detection range for Ppy/GOx/AuNPs/GR electrode was dependent on the duration of Ppy‐layer formation and the linear interval was extended up to 19.9 mmol L⁻¹ after 21 h lasting synthesis of Ppy. The sensitivity of the developed biosensor was determined as 21.7 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², the limit of detection – 0.20 mmol L⁻¹. Ppy/GOx/AuNPs/GR electrodes demonstrated advanced good stability (the t _1/2 was 9.8 days), quick detection of glucose (within 5 s) in the wide linear interval. Additionally, formed Ppy layer decreased the influence of electroactive species on the analytical signal. Developed biosensor is suitable for the determination of glucose in human serum samples.     

甘草酸的电化学行为研究

用循环伏安法、单扫描示波极谱法研究了甘草酸（ｇｌｙｃｙｒｒｈｉｚｉｃ，ＧＡ）在汞电极上的电化学行为及反应机理．证明甘草酸在ｐＨ＝４～１２的缓冲溶液（Ｈ３ＢＯ３＋Ｈ３ＰＯ４＋乙酸＋ＮａＯＨ）中有吸附峰，且示波极谱导数峰值与甘草酸浓度在８．３×１０－５～１．２×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内成正比，使用悬汞电极（ＨＭＤＥ）线性扫描伏安法可使检测下限达２．４×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．根据实验结果首次提出了甘草酸在汞电极上的反应机理．该机理同时被紫外光谱证明，得到合理解释     

Influence of cation (NH 4 + ) on electrochemical characteristics of MnO2 nanowire synthesized by hydrothermal method

Nanowires of MnO₂ were prepared by a simple method in which the commercial granular -MnO₂ powders were hydrothermally treated in water or ammonia solution at 150 °C. These 1D nanostructured manganese oxides were characterized physically by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy tests. Cyclic voltammetry and constant current discharge experiments were employed to explore the diversity of electrochemical performances; and the reasons for the difference are discussed. The experimental results indicate that the existence of NH₄⁺ in the preparation solution has depressed the electrochemical performances of the final product; This is further confirmed by the electrochemical impedance spectra of the electrodes.     

硝基苯的电还原特性研究

采用准稳态极化、循环伏安、线性扫描和恒电位阶跃等测试方法,对Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中硝基苯的电还原特性进行研究,评价了硝基苯在Ｃｕ、Ｃｕ－Ｈｇ和Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ电极的电还原反应活性,研究了硝基苯电还原为ＰＡＰ的中间步骤,并对反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明,硝基苯在酸性介质中的电还原反应存在中间步骤,并伴有反应物吸附现象,硝基苯电还原反应受硝基苯及其还原产物在溶液中的液相传质步骤控制．     

Electrochemical Behaviour of Magnesium(II) on Ni Electrode inLiCl-KCl Eutectic

The electrochemical behaviour of magnesium(II) and the formation mechanism of Mg-Ni alloys on Ni electrode were studied in LiCl-KCl eutectic using various electrochemical techniques. Cyclic voltammogram and square-wave voltammogram revealed that under-potential deposition of magnesium occurred on Ni electrode because Mg-Ni alloy compounds were formed. The thermodynamic properties of the Mg-Ni intermetallics, Mg₂Ni and MgNi₂, were determined using open circuit chronopotentiometry in the temperature range of 818―893 K. Moreover, the Mg-Ni alloys were produced by potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrolysis under different conditions and characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The experimental results indicate that Mg-Ni intermetallic compounds can be selectively produced by potentiostatic electrolysis.