新型紫外线吸收剂研究进展

随着臭氧层的不断被破坏,使得人类暴露于更高水平的紫外线辐射中。紫外线吸收剂能吸收特定波长的紫外线,可应用于多个领域防护紫外线的破坏。为解决紫外线吸收剂难溶于水、与其他高分子材料相容性差、反应活性差等问题,研究人员对紫外线吸收剂做了很多改进和修饰,本文概述了近五年来新型三嗪类、苯并三唑类、二苯甲酮类紫外线吸收剂的新结构和应用。     

气相色谱-质谱法检测涂料中4种苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂

采用气相色谱-质谱技术对涂料中4种高关注苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的含量进行测定。样品风干成膜后以正己烷或乙腈为溶剂进行超声提取,DB-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)分离,SCAN模式进行分析检测。4种苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂质量浓度在0.5~50μg/m L范围内与峰面积呈线性关系。方法定量下限(S/N=10)为10 mg/kg。加标回收率为84.3%~100.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不大于8.9%。方法适用于涂料中高关注苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的日常分析检测。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定涂料中10种苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂

建立了涂料中10种苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测方法。水性涂料和溶剂型涂料样品风干成膜后分别以正己烷、乙腈超声提取,DB-5色谱柱(30 m×0. 32 mm×0. 25μm)分离,MRM模式进行分析检测。结果表明,10种苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂在0. 1～10μg/m L范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0. 6 mg/kg,定量下限(S/N=10)为2. 0 mg/kg,在2、20、200 mg/kg加标浓度下的回收率为71. 6%～112%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不大于5. 5%。该方法快速简便、准确可靠,适用于涂料中苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的日常分析检测。     

超声萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定人造革中7种苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂含量

建立了超声萃取-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定人造革中7种苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂UV-P、UV-326、UV-327、UV-329、UV-350、UV-320和UV-328含量的方法。该方法以甲醇为萃取溶剂,超声萃取人造革中的苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂,萃取液经处理后直接进行HPLC分析,外标法定量。在信噪比(S/N)=3的条件下,UV-P、UV-326、UV-327、UV-329、UV-350的检出限均为0.05mg/kg,UV-320、UV-328的检出限均为0.10 mg/kg。在3个不同加标浓度水平下,各组分的平均加标回收率为88.19%~98.32%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.61%~3.74%。该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高,可用于人造革中苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的测定。采用该方法对市售人造革样品进行测定,结果在6个样品中检出了不同浓度水平的UV-P和UV-329。     

大分子紫外线吸收剂的制备及其在聚偏氟乙烯中的应用

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法,将反应型紫外线吸收剂2-羟基-4-(3-甲基丙烯酸酯基-2-羟基丙氧基)二苯甲酮(BPMA)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)共聚合成紫外线吸收剂P(MMA-co-BPMA),然后共混涂膜制备出具有紫外线吸收性能的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合膜。 通过核磁共振谱(NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等技术手段对BPMA及P(MMA-co-BPMA)的结构和性能进行表征,通过紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)对制备的复合膜的紫外线吸收性能进行表征。 结果表明,大分子紫外线吸收剂P(MMA-co-BPMA)相对分子量分布较窄,为1.11。 当BPMA质量分数为0.68%时,P(MMA-co-BPMA)/PVDF复合膜在200~345 nm范围内透过率可降至0.4%以下,能够实现对紫外线的完全吸收。 抽提实验表明紫外线吸收剂大分子化可有效地防止外迁移。     

加速溶剂萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤、沉积物和污泥中的10种紫外线吸收剂

利用加速溶剂萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法建立了同时测定土壤、沉积物和污泥中10种紫外线吸收剂的分析方法。样品采用加速溶剂萃取法提取,提取过程中加入硅胶进行同步净化,提取温度为120℃,提取溶剂为甲醇/二氯甲烷混合溶剂(V/V,50/50),静态循环2次,最后采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析检测。10种目标化合物的回收率为70.9%~117%,在土壤和沉积物样品中,大部分目标化合物的LOD<1 ng/g,LOQ<4 ng/g;污泥样品中,大部分目标化合物的LOD<10 ng/g,LOQ<30 ng/g,方法灵敏度高,检出限和定量限都较低。应用此方法检测了土壤、沉积物和污泥的实际样品,结果检出了多种紫外线吸收剂,说明紫外线吸收剂在环境中污染问题不容忽视。     

2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮合铜(Ⅱ)配合物的合成与热分解动力学研究

在配合物的研究中,一类含N、S、O的中性分子具有作为电子给予体与过渡金属离子配位的能力,因而引起了生物学领域和热分析动力学研究者的兴趣[1-4]。2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(简写作BP)具有多个配位原子,常用作高分子材料的紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂和医药中间体等。目前对其研究较多的     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中11种二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂

建立了化妆品中11种二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂的高效液相色谱分析方法。采用四氢呋喃-甲醇-水或二氯甲烷-水体系提取化妆品中二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂,经离心(5000 r/min),上清液过0.22 μm滤膜后,进入高效液相色谱分析。采用C18色谱柱进行分离,以0.1% (体积分数)甲酸水溶液(含10 mmol/L乙酸铵)为流动相A,以0.1% (体积分数)甲酸甲醇为流动相B,梯度洗脱。方法加标回收率(n=7)为93.4%~103.8%,相对标准偏差为0.1%~4.2%,方法的检出限为4.0~30 μg/g,方法的定量限为15~100 μg/g。采用该方法对42种市售化妆品检测分析发现,有5种二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂被检出,其中防晒隔离液中二苯酮-3和香水中二苯酮-2的检出量分别为2785 μg/g和2106 μg/g。研究结果表明,所建立的方法具有良好的回收率、重现性和较高的灵敏度,可用于化妆品中多种二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂的分析。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中17种紫外线吸收剂

为避免使用四氢呋喃和高氯酸这样高腐蚀性的溶剂作流动相,本文从样品前处理方法、色谱柱的选择和流动相条件的优化等方面对《化妆品卫生规范》规定的15种紫外线吸收剂的高效液相色谱测定方法进行了改进,并将目标物检测范围扩大为17种。样品用四氢呋喃/甲醇/水体系提取,离心过滤后,以Phenomenex PFP柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)为分离色谱柱,以20%异丙醇的甲醇溶液(含0.1%甲酸)和水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)作为流动相,梯度洗脱,以311 nm和280 nm为检测波长,进行定性和定量分析。回收率试验及实际阳性样品测定均表明将本方法用于化妆品中17种紫外线吸收剂的测定,结果准确、可靠。与《化妆品卫生规范》方法相比,普通液相色谱仪无需改进即可实现17种紫外线吸收剂的同时检测,增加了方法的普适性,同时所有目标化合物全部基线分离,分离度的提高增加了定量的准确性。     

分散固相萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱法分析土壤及沉积物样品中的8种紫外线吸收剂

建立了分散固相萃取结合气相色谱-串联质谱测定土壤及沉积物中8种紫外线吸收剂的分析方法,并优化了提取溶剂、提取时间及净化吸附剂等参数。5.0 g样品中加入20 mL正己烷-丙酮(体积比4∶1)及1.0 g SCX净化吸附剂后振荡提取30 min,提取液经浓缩后,采用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。结果表明,8种紫外线吸收剂在2～150μg/mL质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数不小于0.994 7,方法检出限为0.077～0.226 ng/g,在3个加标水平下的平均回收率为95.7%～126%,相对标准偏差(n=8)不大于12%。采用该方法对实际土壤及沉积物样品进行检测,发现UV-328检出率最高。该方法简单、定性定量准确、检出限低,适用于不同类型土壤及沉积物样品中紫外线稳定剂的检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测防晒化妆品中的11种紫外吸收剂

建立了防晒化妆品中11种紫外吸收剂的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品经甲醇-乙醇-水(80:10:10, v/v/v)提取,利用Eclipse XDB-C₁₈色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱。采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱测定,根据保留时间及质谱图上特征离子的相对丰度比进行定性,外标法定量。结果表明:该方法11种紫外吸收剂的定量限范围为200～500 mg/kg,回收率为77.17%～98.32%,相对标准偏差为2.40%～11.11%。该方法对于膏状和乳状防晒化妆品中的11种紫外吸收剂具有较好的适用性。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食品接触材料中抗氧化剂和紫外吸收剂的迁移量

采用高效液相色谱技术,建立了食品接触材料中多种抗氧化剂和紫外吸收剂迁移水平的检测方法。该方法测定的23种目标化合物具有较好的线性关系,相关系数（r²）≥ 0.9998,检出限和定量限分别在0.01到0.22 mg/L之间和0.03到0.85 mg/L之间。依据欧盟指令（EU）No. 10/2011,考察了5种食品模拟物30 g/L乙酸、10%（v/v）乙醇、20%（v/v）乙醇、50%（v/v）乙醇和油类模拟物（异辛烷）中抗氧化剂和紫外吸收剂的迁移量。该方法回收率在92.8%~117.7%之间,相对标准偏差在0.95%~9.72%之间。探讨了不同实验条件对抗氧化剂和紫外吸收剂回收率的影响。结果表明,该方法准确、稳定,完全满足欧盟指令（EU）No 10/2011和GB 9685-2008对食品接触材料及制品中抗氧化剂和紫外吸收剂特定迁移量（SML）的限量要求,并利用该方法测定了30批次食品接触材料中抗氧化剂和紫外吸收剂的迁移水平。     

超高效合相色谱法快速检测塑料食品接触材料中13种紫外吸收剂

建立了一种同时检测塑料食品接触材料中13种紫外吸收剂的超高效合相色谱法。以甲醇为溶剂对塑料食品接触材料样品进行超声提取，经C18固相萃取柱净化，过0.22 μm有机滤膜，采用超高效合相色谱仪分析。选择ACQUTY UPC² HSS C18 SB色谱柱（150 mm×3.0 mm，1.8 μm），以超临界二氧化碳为流动相，异丙醇为改性剂进行梯度洗脱，在最优色谱条件下，13种紫外吸收剂能够在4 min内实现有效分离。结果表明，在各自线性范围内，13种紫外吸收剂的线性关系良好，标准曲线相关系数不低于0.9985，检出限（S/N=3）为0.05~0.15 mg/kg，加标回收率为86.8%~115.7%，相对标准偏差为0.73%~5.61%。该方法快速简便，准确可靠，同时大大减少了有机溶剂的消耗，可用于塑料食品接触材料中13种紫外吸收剂的快速检测。     

Direct coating for layered double hydroxide/4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid nanocomposite with silica by seeded polymerization technique

Organic ultraviolet (UV) ray absorbents have been used as sunscreen materials, but may pose a safety problem when used at high concentration. In order to prevent direct contact of organic UV rays absorbent by the human skin, an organic UV absorbent such as 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DASDSA) was intercalated into Zn₂Al-layered double hydroxide (Zn₂Al-LDHs) by coprecipiation reaction. The problem of deintercalation of organic molecules from LDHs by the anion exchange reaction with carbonate ion could be greatly depressed by forming a protection film of silica on the surface. Zn₂Al-LDH/DASDSA was directly coated with silica by means of a polymerization technique based on the Stöber method. The deintercalation behavior as well as UV-shielding properties were investigated for coated particles.     

Determination of absorption efficiencies of carbon dioxide absorbents by gas chromatography

An HP-5880A gas chromatograph equipped with FID has been used to determine the efficiency of various CO(2) absorbents and some molecular sieves. Temperature, the CO(2) concentration in the absorbed gas mixture and space velocity of the gas mixture have effects on the absorption efficiency to different degrees, but temperature is a controlling factor. It has been established that in gas analysis the systematic errors arising from CO(2) impurities in the carrier gas are negligible when CO(2) is absorbed by carbon dioxide absorbents. Three methods for eliminating blank error are presented. The differential volume method through preconcentrating at the same time but at different flow-rates (DVMST) is proposed as the best method in preconcentration analysis. With the preconcentration technique, the minimum detectable level for CO(2) in a 10-litre sample is around 0.3 ppb(v/v).     

非胺类CO2吸收剂的研究进展

针对CO₂所带来的全球气候变化问题,本文综述了可用于捕集CO₂的非胺类吸收剂类型,认为氨基酸盐、氨基酸-碳酸钾体系、离子液体、生物型吸收剂、钙基吸收剂分别具有较高的CO₂循环吸收负荷、低毒性、热稳定性好、较优的生物相容性、钙源易获取的优势,可以弥补胺类吸收剂在吸收-解吸CO₂时腐蚀性强、再生能耗高、对环境产生二次污染等方面的不足。氨基酸盐、氨基酸-碳酸钾体系可应用于具有一定规模的CO₂捕集工业中;离子液体可应用于精准、绿色环保去除CO₂工业中;生物型吸收剂可用于规模小、CO₂浓度低的工业中;钙基吸收剂可运用于CO₂浓度高的工业中。上述吸收剂皆具有一定的工业前景。     

Analysis of Morpholinium Ionic Liquid Cations by Hydrophilic Interaction Columns Coupled with Indirect UV Detection

A method was developed for the separation and detection of morpholinium ionic liquid cations by hydrophilic interaction column combined with indirect ultraviolet detection using imidazolium ionic liquids as ultraviolet absorbents in high‐performance liquid chromatography. The effects of the ultraviolet absorbents, organic solvents, and the pH value of the aqueous solution in the mobile phase for the determination of morpholinium cations were investigated by using a hydrophilic column with carbamoyl group as the analytical column. The retention and detection behavior of morpholinium cations was discussed. The suitable chromatographic conditions were 0.8 mmol/L 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium tetrafluoroborate aqueous solution (pH 3.5 adjusted with acetic acid)/acetonitrile (45/55, v/v) as the mobile phase and a detection wavelength of 210 nm. Under these conditions, the baseline separation of N‐methyl‐N‐ethyl‐morpholinium cation ([MEMo]⁺) and N‐methyl‐N‐propyl‐morpholinium cation ([MPMo]⁺) was successfully achieved in 15 min. The detection limits of [MEMo]⁺ and [MPMo]⁺ were 0.595 and 0.531 mg/L, respectively. Relative standard deviations were less than 0.2%. This method has been successfully applied to the analysis of morpholinium ionic liquid samples synthesized in chemical laboratories, which is simple, reliable, and practical.     

HOECHST 33258 DYE GENERATES DNA-PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS DURING ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT-INDUCED PHOTOLYSIS OF BROMODEOXYURIDINE IN REPLICATED AND REPAIRED DNA

Abstract— Substitution of bromodeoxyuridine for thymidine in the DNA of mammalian cells sensitizes them to a range of wavelengths of ultraviolet light. Cells are also sensitized to photochemical reactions involving dyes such as Hoechst 33258, which is used to produce differential staining of chromatids according to their bromodeoxyuridine content. Irradiation with 313 nm light of human and hamster cells containing bromodeoxyuridine in their DNA produced single-strand breaks, detectable by alkaline elution, but no DNA-protein cross-links. Irradiation with 360 nm light in the presence of Hoechst 33258 produced extensive DNA-protein cross-linkage as well as single-strand breaks. These cross-links were observed in DNA containing bromodeoxyuridine incorporated by either semiconservative or repair replication, and may provide a method for identification of proteins in close proximity to replication forks or repair sites. When the protein was removed with proteinase K, bromodeoxyuridine in repair patches after irradiation by doses of ultraviolet (254 nm) light as low as 0.26 J/m² could readily be detected. Hoechst 33258-mediated photolysis, therefore, provides a sensitive new technique for measuring repair replication after ultraviolet light irradiation.     

Rapid analysis of 14 ultraviolet absorbents in plastic food contact materials by supercritical fluid chromatography on Sub-2-micron particles

Abstract

A rapid and reliable method based on supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) technology was established for the analysis of 14 ultraviolet (UV) absorbents in plastic food contact materials. The separation was optimized by employing different chromatographic conditions including stationary phases, organic modifiers, column temperatures and back pressures to achieve appropriate selectivity and resolution. The 14 UV absorbents were analyzed within 4.5?min on the sub-2-micron particles column (ACQUTY UPC² HSS C18?SB) via gradient elution with methanol as the organic modifier. The calibrations were carried out in the concentration range of 0.1–50.0?mg/L (except for UV-329 and UV-320 were 0.2–50.0?mg/L, UV-360 was 0.3–50.0?mg/L), and excellent linearity was observed with correlation coefficients (R²) greater than 0.99. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range of 0.10–0.30?µg/g. The recoveries for accuracy were ranged from 90.4 to 114.1%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for repeatability was between 0.67 and 7.23%, respectively. The established method was successfully applied for the analysis of UV absorbents in five plastic food contact materials samples. The SFC method developed in this study can provide an alternative route for routine analysis of UV absorbents in the future.     

Barium oxalate as a selective solid reagent for the absorption of sulphur trioxide

Barium and calcium oxalate monohydrates have been shown to be more suitable absorbents for sulphur trioxide than either anhydrous or hydrated oxalic acid. All four compounds are selective absorbents for the trioxide and do not absorb sulphur dioxide. Similarly all are elective absorbents for sulphuric acid aerosol, although the calcium salt may be decarboxylated under these conditions. Lead oxalate and formate may be suitable for the absorption of SO(3) and H(2)S, and SO(3), H(2)S and SO(2) respectively.