用脉冲激光淀积制备具有光滑表面的A-轴取向YBa2Cu3O7薄膜

我们采用脉冲激光淀积方法在(100)SrTiO3基底上制备了a-轴取向外延的YBa2Cu3O7-x薄膜.通过采用活性氧,降低氧压和淀积速率,制备出了Tc超过80K、表面平均粗糙度为4.43nm的薄膜.X-射线衍射谱表明,实验得到的YBa2Cu3O7-x外延薄膜是高度A-轴取向的.     

Eu替代浓度对Y1-xEuxBa2Cu3O7-δ体系电子结构和超导电性的影响

利用正电子湮没和X-射线衍射技术,对Eu替代Y位的Y1-xEuxBa2Cu3O7-δ(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.8,1.0)超导体系进行了系统研究,分析了体系的电子结构和正电子寿命参数的变化特征.给出了超导转变温度Tc与Eu替代浓度x之关联.结果表明:所有Y1-xEuxBa2Cu3O7-δ样品均保持与YBa2Cu3O7-δ(Y-123)样品相同的单相正交结构;正电子平均寿命τm随Eu替代浓度x的增加而增加,反映了Eu替代Y位引起晶胞结构参量的变化不仅改变了Y位的电子密度,同时也影响了Cu-O链周围的电子密度分布及Cu-O面的层间耦合.     

Y0.5Gd0.5Ba2Cu3O7-δ体系中通氧时间对超导转变温度的影响

研究了高温氧化物超导体Y0.5Gd0.5Ba2Cu3O7-δ体系中通氧时间对超导转变温度及超导转变温区的影响。Y0.5Gd0.5Ba2Cu3O7-δ样品是按相等摩尔数的Gd与Y元素配比,采用传统的固相反应法烧结而成的多晶块材。实验结果显示:Y0.5Gd0.5Ba2Cu3O7-δ烧结样品与YBa2Cu3O7-δ烧结样品均具有很好的单相性,在一定的通氧条件下其超导临界转变温度TC与超导初始转变温度TCO值相对YBa2Cu3O7-δ烧结样品有提高。文中对此结果进行了讨论。     

电化学氧化YBa2Cu3O6+x的晶体结构和超导电性研究

在较低温度下用电化学方法控制YBCO块材的氧含量对深入考察其氧含量、晶体结构和超导电性之间的关系有重要意义.我们用固态反应法合成并用惰性气体退火处理制备出非超导的四方相YBa2Cu3O6 x(x～0.1)块材样品,然后用熔融的KNO3-NaNO3作为电解质,用YBa2Cu3O6 x块材作为阳极对其进行电化学氧化.阳极氧化用恒流法在360℃进行.氧化产物的电阻、磁化率和结构特性分别用四引线法、SQUID磁强计和XRD进行测定.随着氧化时间和通过样品的电量(Q)的增加,样品中的超导相含量逐渐增加,依次可以获得超导相是60K相为主、60K和90K两相共存和90K单相的样品.XRD分析证明了电化学氧化后样品表面和内部的结构不同,表明了氧分布的不均匀性,样品表层的氧含量大于内部的氧含量.     

Y_2O_3和BaCeO_3掺杂对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)多晶结构和超性质的影响（英文）

本文采用固相反应方法制备了一系列YBa2Cu3O7-δ(Y123)+0.25molY2O3+x wt%BaCeO3(x=0.0,2.0,5.0,10.0and 20.0)多晶样品,通过X射线衍射法(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Y2O3和BaCeO3的参杂的样品微观结构和超导转变温度进行系统的测量,发现Y2O3参杂到YBCO样品表面有球形或椭球形Y2Ba1Cu1O7-δ(Y211)粒子形成.依据SEM,XRD和电阻率测量,随着BaCeO3参杂量的增加,我们观察到样品的形貌变得越来越不均匀,所有样品的晶体结构有从正交相向四方相转变的趋势,超导转变温度呈金属状态到半导体状态转变的趋势,并伴有三步转变过程;同时也观察到了超导转变温度降低且转变宽度增加的现象,这些结果可以用氧分布的变化和缺陷的变化及氧缺陷来解释.     

YBa2Cu3O7-x涂层导体的外延生长和性能对CeO2缓冲层的依赖性

利用倾斜衬底沉积法在无织构的金属衬底上生长了MgO双轴织构的模板层,在这一模板层上实现了YBa2Cu3O7-x薄膜的外延生长.在外延YBa2Cu3O7-x薄膜前,依次沉积了钇稳定的立方氧化锆和CeO2作为缓冲层.利用X射线衍射2θ扫描、φ扫描、Ω扫描和极图分析测定了这些膜的结构和双轴织构取向,利用Raman光谱表征了其超导相的品质和取向特性,利用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜观测了薄膜的表面形貌和粗糙度.考察了不同厚度的CeO2层对YBa2Cu3O7-x生长和性质的影响.发现了YBa2Cu3O7-x薄膜的外延生长和性能对CeO2的不同厚度具有显著而独特依赖性.讨论了其可能的机理.     

Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox超导体中晶体结构和电子性能与两个结构块的关联

用变温X－射线衍射,扫描量热分析,热重分析对精心制作的Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox超导样品在后处一前和后处理后从液氮温度到熔点温度进行了分析,并对样品进行了XPS分析,载流子浓度和超导电性测量。实验发现,样品沿C方向的膨胀系数在低温区有两个反常,在高温区有两个热量和重量反常。结果分析表明,这两个反常与晶体结构中两个不同的结构块有关,即钙钛矿和盐岩结构块。实验发现,这两上结构块之间的失配,超导临界湿度,样品中的氧含量,以及膨胀系数的变化之间有密切的关联。实验结果表明,了解两个不同结构块之间的相互作用对认识高温超导电性有重要作用。     

B位Co掺杂对Sr14C24O41的结构和电输运的影响

采用固相反应法制备了系列Sr14（Cu1-xCox）24O41（x=0,0.02,0.06,0.1,0.14,0.18）的样品,X-射线衍射结果显示所有样品均为单相,且Co的掺杂几乎不改变样品的晶格常数,电子衍射和X-射线光电子能谱的测量结果证实Co替代的是链上的Cu原子;电输运的测量显示,Co掺杂样品表现为半导体行为,且渡越温度T随掺杂量的增加逐渐减小.     

B位Co掺杂对Sr14Cu24O41的结构和电输运的影响

采用固相反应法制备了系列Sr14(Cu1-xCox)24O41(x=0,0.02,0.06,0.1,0.14,0.18)的样品,X-射线衍射结果显示所有样品均为单相,且Co的掺杂几乎不改变样品的晶格常数,电子衍射和X-射线光电子能谱的测量结果证实Co替代的是链上的Cu原子;电输运的测量显示,Co掺杂样品表现为半导体行为,且渡越温度T 随掺杂量的增加逐渐减小.     

高温超导YBa2Cu3O7-δ-Y2O3多层薄膜的制备及性能表征

采用脉冲激光沉积技术(PLD)在LaAlO3(100)单晶衬底上外延生长YBa2Cu3O7-δ-Y2O3多层薄膜,用X射线衍射技术(XRD)分析薄膜的物相结构和外延特性,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)观察薄膜的表面形貌.本文主要研究了最佳工艺参数下交替生长多层YBCO-Y2O3膜的超导性能.结果表明,YBa2Cu3O7-δ-Y2O3薄膜为纯c轴取向外延生长,临界电流密度Jc(H=0或H//C)均高于纯YBCO薄膜,纳米Y2O3起到磁通钉扎中心作用.     

CeO_2和Y_2Ba_1Cu_1O_(5-δ)共同掺杂对Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的超导电性及其晶格结构的影响

采用固相反应法成功制备出一批Y123与Y211的摩尔比为1∶0.47的混合物,并在此混合物的基础上掺入CeO2,掺入的比例x分别为0.5wt%、1.0wt%、2.0wt%、3.0wt%、4.0wt%。采用了X-射线衍射仪对样品的晶格结构进行了分析,测量结果表明:x=1.0wt%时掺杂效果最好,同时也充分说明Y123的晶格结构与其超导电性之间存在着一种内在的必然关联。并通过对其测试临界转变温度以及转变宽度,测量结果也充分验证了上述结论。     

柠檬酸盐热分解法制备YBCO纳米超导材料

采用柠檬酸盐热分解法制备了名义组分为Y3Ba5Cu8O18的纳米超导材料。利用XRD对其粉体进行物相表征,发现其相是Y123和Y211的混合相,并测得两者之间的摩尔比为1∶0.18,充分验证了我们所制材料并不是Y3Ba5Cu8O18化合物,而是Y123和Y211的混合物。根据Scherrer公式计算得到样品的平均晶粒尺寸约为36.7nm。利用标准的四端引线法对其块体进行R-T分析,测出其起始转变温度Tc=86.5K,跃迁宽度△Tc=1.4K,并表现出良好的超导电性。     

Effect of unidirectional solidification rate on Jc for current lead

The dependence of transport J_c value on the traveling rate and the nominal composition was investigated by taking different nominal compositions of YBa₂Cu₃O_6+x (Y123) + n mol% Y₂BaCuO₅ (Y211) (n = 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) with addition of 0.5 wt% of Pt on samples processed by different unidirectional solidification rates, namely 1, 3 and 5 mm/h. The highest J_c was found in the sample with 30% Y211 addition by the higher traveling rate adjusted to prevent the formation of polycrystals. In this φ 1.56 × 60 mm sample the values of transport I_c and J_c were 1370 A and 71 700 A/cm², respectively, which were obtained by the conventional DC four-probe method with criterion of 1 μV/cm at 77 K and self-field.     

高压高温处理对A15Nb3(Al,Ge)结构成分及其超导性能的影响

在0—67kbar压力范围,对名义成分为Nb₃(Al_1-xGe_x)的合金(x=0.20,O.23,0.25;含有Al5+σ相)进行了热处理。X射线分析表明:1)随着压力的升高,Al5相的晶胞参数a₀出现极大值;2)与Al5相结构成分密切相关的衍射峰(211),(210)的相对累积强度I²¹¹/I²¹⁰随压力的变化与a₀的变化类似;3)Al5相结构成分随压力向着富Nb的方向移动。低温测试结果表明:随着压力的升高,试样的超导转变温度降低,转变宽度出现极大值。 关键词：     

名义组分为Y_6Ba_(11)Cu_(16)O_x的纳米超导材料

采用柠檬酸盐热分解法制备了名义组分为Y6Ba11Cu16Ox的纳米超导材料。利用XRD对其粉体进行物相表征,发现其相是Y123和Y211的混合相,并测得两者之间的摩尔比为1∶0.14,同时把其XRD图谱与Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x的XRD图谱进行了对照分析。利用标准的四端引线法对其块体进行R-T分析,测出其起始转变温度Tonset=86.0K,转变宽度△Tc=6.7K,并表现出良好的超导电性,也相应地把其与Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x进行了对比。根据Scherrer公式计算得到样品的平均晶粒尺寸约为67.1nm。文中也分析了所制材料为混合物的原因。     

Infiltration effects on (RE) 123 superconductors

We produced RE-123 infiltrated by Sm123 superconductors by the melt growth method. The samples have been investigated in terms of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, AC susceptibility, levitation force, and a magnetic stiffness calculation. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the Sm123 and Y123 phases were insufficiently grown at the selected sintering temperature of 1040 °C. The transition temperature of the IP Sample is 94.28 K from the AC Susceptibility (at 1 KHz and 4 Oe applied AC field) measurement. The magnetic stiffness was calculated using our newly designed vertical magnetic levitation force measurement system. It has a Nb-Fe-B permanent magnet (∼0.5T) at 77 K with the Zero Field Cooled process. The magnetic stiffness was calculated using the data of the levitation force. The descending experimental results showed that the most significant F₀was contained in the sample I5 (F₀ = 9.034 N) and the largest constant b value was determined in the sample IP (b = 0.3320 mm⁻¹). But in the ascending results, the most significant F₀ is 8.604 N, and the largest constant b is 0.3047 mm⁻¹, both calculated in the IP sample. Considering the oxygen content effects on the magnetic stiffness, one can infer that it has been positively affected by an increase in the Sm123 infiltration. These results indicatethat the produced samples could be applied to bearing systems, magnetic sensors and other technological applications.     

Grain boundary wetting in the Al-Mg system and synthesis of magnesium diboride in contact with melt

The interaction between a Mg-containing melt and B under conditions of partial and complete wetting of Al/Al grain boundaries by Al-Mg melt has been investigated. The study was performed on Al polycrystals with Mg contents of 5, 10, 15, 18, and 25 wt %. Correspondingly, the Mg content in the melt was determined by the liquidus line and was in the range from 5 to 30 wt %. The obtained metal-matrix composites were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy, electron-probe microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction. The possibility of synthesizing MgB₂ in the contact with a melt having a relatively low Mg content (from 15 to 30 wt %) has been demonstrated.     

Effect of sodium substitution on superconductivity in Bi-based (2212) system

Samples with the nominal composition Bi₂Sr₂Ca_1−xNa_xCu₂O_y (if with X = 0.05, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.5) were prepared by the solid state reaction method. The role of Na and the effect of various heat treatments in the 2212 composition were studied. From the X-ray diffraction data it is found that the samples annealed for longer duration have shown a single phase 2212. From the DC four-probe resistivity data, it was found that the T_c (zero) varies from 79 to 89 K. It is believed that doping with an alkali element would reduce the oxygen content due to monovalency and gives an effect similar to that during heat treatment under low oxygen pressure or quenching. The presence of sodium in the samples was confirmed by electron probe microanalysis.     

Impact of active phase chemical composition and dispersity on catalytic behavior in PROX reaction

Iron and iron-platinum catalysts supported on activated carbon have been successfully synthesized by wet impregnation method and low-temperature treatment in inert atmosphere. The content of the supported phases corresponds to 10 wt % Fe and 0.5 wt % Pt. Four catalytic samples were synthesized: Sample A—activated carbon impregnated with Fe nitrate; Sample B—activated carbon impregnated with Pt salt; Sample C—activated carbon impregnated consequently with Fe and Pt salts; Sample D—activated carbon impregnated simultaneously with Fe and Pt salts. The as-prepared materials were characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectra show that the activated carbon support and the preparation procedure give rise to the synthesis of isolated metal Pt ions and ultradispersed Fe and Pt oxide species. Probably the presence of different functional groups of activated carbon gives rise to registered very high dispersion of loaded species on support. The catalytic tests were carried out in PROX reaction. A lower activity of bimetallic Pt-Fe samples was explained with the increase in surface oxygen species as a result of predomination of iron oxide on the support leading to the increase in selectivity to the H₂ oxidation. Partial agglomeration of supported iron oxide phase was registered after catalytic tests.     

HgO-added YB<Subscript>a2</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript>−δ superconductors

The HgO-added YB_a2Cu₃O_7−δ (YBCO) superconductor has been studied for its structural and superconducting properties. Polycrystalline YBCO samples were synthesized through solid-state reaction method by adding HgO in different concentrations without using oxygen annealing. All the samples showed a sharp superconducting transition temperature around 90 K. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all the samples revealed monophasic Y-123 nature. The structural studies were carried out by neutron scattering and Rietveld analysis. The neutron scattering revealed that Hg is not incorporated in the Y-123 system and has shown optimum oxygen concentration. The significant role played by the HgO is to provide oxygen ambient through its decomposition, thus changing the oxygen balance in favour of high Cu-valence state.