CH4,CO2和O2制合成气反应中载体对催化剂抗积炭性能的影响

在CH4,CO2 和O2 催化氧化制合成气反应中 ,积炭是催化剂活性减弱的一个重要因素 .通过向Ni/Al2 O3 添加各种氧化物后 ,催化剂的抗积炭性能得到了提高 .实验结果表明 ,催化剂的抗积炭顺序为 :Ni/CaO Al2 O3 >Ni/MgO Al2 O3 >Ni/TiO2 Al2 O3>Ni/CeO2 Al2 O3 >Ni/La2 O3 Al2 O3 >Ni/Y2 O3 Al2 O3 >Ni/Fe2 O3 Al2 O3 >Ni/Al2 O3 ,并通过CO2 TPD ,O2 TPD ,XPS等方法对催化剂进行表征 ,讨论了抗积炭顺序与催化剂性能的关系 .     

Au/Fe2O3催化剂的制备及其对富氢气体中一氧化碳选择性氧化的催化性能

 采用共沉淀法制备了1.5%Au/Fe2O3催化剂,考察了加料方式对Au/Fe2O3催化剂化学组成及其催化富氢气体中CO选择性氧化性能的影响. 结果表明,正加法制备的Au/Fe2O3催化剂的性能明显好于反加法制备的催化剂,80 ℃时前者对富氢气体中CO选择性氧化反应的转化率为94%,CO2选择性为65%,连续反应10 h,催化剂活性没有变化. XRD,XPS和TEM等的测试结果表明,正加法制备的Au/Fe2O3催化剂中金粒子的平均粒径为2～4 nm,金粒子高度分散在载体上,并与载体之间发生了较强的相互作用,从而表现出较高的催化性能.     

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2对CH4燃烧催化剂Fe2O3/Al2O3的改性作用

固定n(Ce)/n(Zr)比为0.67/0.33, 用共沉淀法制得一系列CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3固溶体. 采用这些固溶体作载体, 以Fe2O3为活性组分, 用浸渍法制备了一系列催化剂. BET结果显示, 将适量Ce0.67Zr0.33O2引入到Al2O3载体中有助于催化剂保持较高的比表面积. TPR结果显示, 载体中引入适量的Ce0.67Zr0.33O2可以改善催化剂的氧化还原性能. XRD结果表明, Fe2O3在CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3载体上呈现出良好的分散状况, 老化前后催化剂的晶相结构基本无明显变化. 特别是当载体中m(Ce0.67Zr0.33O2)∶m(Al2O3)的值为1∶2时, Fe2O3/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧中显示出最佳的催化性能和抗高温老化性能.     

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2对CH4燃烧催化剂Fe2O3/Al2O3的改性作用

固定n(Ce)/n(Zr)比为0.67/0.33,用共沉淀法制得一系列CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3固溶体.采用这些固溶体作载体,以Fe2O3为活性组分,用浸渍法制备了一系列催化剂.BET结果显示,将适量Ce0.67Zr0.33O2引入到Al2O3载体中有助于催化剂保持较高的比表面积.TPR结果显示,载体中引入适量的Ce0.67Zr0.33O2可以改善催化剂的氧化还原性能.XRD结果表明,Fe2O3在CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3载体上呈现出良好的分散状况,老化前后催化剂的晶相结构基本无明显变化.特别是当载体中m(Ce0.67Zr0.33O2)∶m(Al2O3)的值为1∶2时,Fe2O3/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧中显示出最佳的催化性能和抗高温老化性能.     

铁系催化剂上乙苯与CO2氧化脱氢反应

采用浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了三种含Mg,Fe和Al量相同的Fe2O3-MgO/γ-Al2O3,Fe2O3/MgAl2O4和MgFe0.1Al1.9O4催化剂,在580°C考察了它们催化乙苯与CO2氧化脱氢反应性能,并采用X射线衍射,表面元素分析,H2-程序升温还原和CO2-程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂体相及表面性质进行了表征.结果表明,催化剂制备方法影响Fe物种的存在形态,进而影响催化剂的稳定性和活性.采用浸渍法制备的Fe2O3/MgAl2O4催化剂含有高度分散的Fe2O3活性物种,该物种具有较好的初活性,但是稳定性较差;而采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的MgFe0.1Al1.9O4催化剂中,Fe物种主要以同晶取代的形式存在于尖晶石骨架中,因而具有较高的乙苯与CO2氧化脱氢催化活性和稳定性.     

富氧条件下Ag/Al2O3和Cu/Al2O3组合催化剂催化C3H6选择性还原Nox的性能

 在全自动催化剂活性评价装置上,考察了富氧条件下Ag/Al2O3和Cu/Al2O3两种催化剂上催化丙烯还原NOx的活性. 在实验温度范围(200～650 ℃)内,Ag/Al2O3具有 优异的催化丙烯选择性还原NOx的活性,但同时有大量副产物CO形成. Cu/Al2O3选择性催化丙烯还原NOx的活性不高,却能有效促进CO的氧化. 在无水条件,Ag/Al2O3-Cu/Al2O3组合体系具有与Ag/Al2O3相似的脱除NOx活性,同时使CO在300 ℃以后几乎完全转化. 在10%水蒸气存在的情况下,Ag/Al2O3-Cu/Al2O3组合催化剂脱除NOx的活性下降,但水蒸气对CO转化率的影响不大.     

CO2气氛下负载型Cr2O3催化剂上乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯反应

 采用浸渍法制备了负载型Cr2O3/Al2O3和Cr2O3/SiO2催化剂,并考察了催化剂在CO2气氛下催化乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯反应的活性. 结果表明,Cr2O3/Al2O3的催化活性高于Cr2O3/SiO2. 这可能是由于Cr2O3在Al2O3载体表面的分散度大大高于在SiO2表面的分散度. 催化剂的催化活性与Cr2O3的负载量有关,在w(Cr2O3)=25%时,Cr2O3/Al2O3的催化活性最高. CO2气氛对乙苯脱氢反应有明显的促进作用; 在CO2气氛下,Cr6+物种可能是催化乙苯脱氢反应活性位的前驱体.     

Fe改性对Ru/Al_2O_3催化剂的马来酸二甲酯加氢性能影响

以Al2O3为载体,采用吸附-沉淀法制备一系列Ru-Fe/Al2O3催化剂,并进行了H2-TPR、XRD及XPS表征。以马来酸二甲酯(DMM)催化加氢合成丁二酸二甲酯(DMS)为探针反应,考察了Fe的加入对Ru/Al2O3催化性能的影响。评价结果表明,当Fe/Ru原子比小于2时,催化剂活性变化不大;但Fe/Ru原子比大于或等于2时,催化剂活性明显增加;与Ru/Al2O3催化剂相比,Fe的加入改善了催化剂的高温氧化还原处理稳定性。以甲醇为溶剂,在70℃、1.0 MPa压力、600 r/min转速下,Ru-Fe/Al2O3催化DMM的转化率与生成DMS的选择性均接近100%。XPS和H2-TPR表征结果表明,Ru-Fe/Al2O3中Fe与Ru产生较强的相互作用,促进Ru的分散且调变了Ru的电子特性。     

LaAl1-xFexO3/Al2O3/FeCrAl催化剂的制备及其对甲烷燃烧的催化性能

 以FeCrAl合金薄片为载体,以LaAl1-xFexO3为活性组分,以Al2O3为过渡层,制备了LaAl1-xFexO3/Al2O3/FeCrAl金属基整体式催化剂,并用XRD和SEM等方法对催化剂的物相和形貌进行了表征,对催化剂上甲烷催化燃烧活性进行了评价. 结果表明,催化剂物相中有LaAl1-xFexO3型钙钛矿及 α-Al2O3 和 γ-Al2O3; 催化剂的颗粒小于2 μm, 并且颗粒的尺寸及形貌与LaAl1-xFexO3中的Fe/Al摩尔比有关; 催化剂样品对甲烷催化燃烧活性的大小顺序为LaAl0.3Fe0.7O3/Al2O3/FeCrAl＞LaFeO3/Al2O3/FeCrAl＞LaAl0.5Fe0.5O3/Al2O3/FeCrAl＞LaAl0.7Fe0.3O3/Al2O3/FeCrAl＞LaAlO3/Al2O3/FeCrAl.     

费-托合成Fe1-xO基熔铁催化剂的研究

 采用高温熔融法制备了用于费-托合成的Fe1-xO基熔铁催化剂,考察了其在n(H2)/n(CO)=2,温度573 K,压力1.4 MPa和空速为12?600 h-1下的催化性能. 结果表明,与Fe3O4基熔铁催化剂相比,Fe1-xO基熔铁催化剂具有较高的催化F-T合成反应的活性、较低的WGS反应选择性和较强的加氢能力. XRD结果表明,经F-T反应后的熔铁催化剂存在Fe5C2和Fe3O4两种物相,但Fe1-xO基熔铁催化剂中Fe5C2的晶粒尺寸小于Fe3O4基熔铁催化剂中Fe5C2的晶粒尺寸.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.