溶胶-凝胶法制备用于CO2气氛下乙苯脱氢反应的高活性Cr2O3-SiO2催化剂

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Cr2O3-SiO2催化剂，考察了催化剂对CO2气氛下乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯反应的催化性能. 结果表明，溶胶-凝胶法制备的Cr2O3-SiO2催化剂上乙苯脱氢活性是常规的Cr2O3/SiO2负载型催化剂的2倍，Cr2O3-SiO2催化剂中Cr6+的含量较高是其具有高活性的主要原因.     

Ga2O3催化剂上CO2气氛中丙烷脱氢反应的研究

考察了Ga2O3对于丙烷脱氢和CO2气氛脱氢反应的催化性能. 结果表明, Ga2O3具有较高的催化活性, 其性能优于传统的Cr2O3脱氢催化剂. 催化反应可能经过了一个丙烷异裂的过程, 其中CO2是通过逆水煤气反应和Boudouard反应来促进催化剂性能的, 在高于823 K时该促进作用更为明显. 催化剂的催化活性和其表面酸密度密切相关, 在Ga2O3结构中, 四配位Ga3+是其酸位的来源, 并通过质子与氧化物的共同作用促进反应进行. 催化剂的失活是由于表面的积碳和活性氧的消耗共同造成的. 同时还对Ga2O3作为丙烷脱氢反应的催化剂的催化反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

Ga2O3催化剂上CO2气氛中丙烷脱氢反应的研究

考察了Ga2O3对于丙烷脱氢和CO2气氛脱氢反应的催化性能.结果表明,Ga2O3具有较高的催化活性,其性能优于传统的Cr2O3脱氢催化剂.催化反应可能经过了一个丙烷异裂的过程,其中CO2是通过逆水煤气反应和Boudouard反应来促进催化剂性能的,在高于823K时该促进作用更为明显.催化剂的催化活性和其表面酸密度密切相关,在Ga2O3结构中,四配位Ga3+是其酸位的来源,并通过质子与氧化物的共同作用促进反应进行.催化剂的失活是由于表面的积碳和活性氧的消耗共同造成的.同时还对Ga2O3作为丙烷脱氢反应的催化剂的催化反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

Ga2O3催化剂上CO2气氛中丙烷脱氢反应的研究

考察了Ga2O3对于丙烷脱氢和CO2气氛脱氢反应的催化性能,结果表明,Ga2O3具有较高的催化活性,其性能优于传统的Cr2O3脱氢催化剂,催化反应可能经过了一个丙烷异裂的过程,其中CO2是通过逆水煤气反应和Boudouard反应来促进催化剂性能的,在高于823K时该促进作用更为明显,催化剂的催化活性和其表面酸密度密切相关,在Ga2O3结构中,四配位Ga^3＋是其酸位的来源,并通过质子与氧化物的共同作用促进反应进行,催化剂的失活是由于表面的积碳和活性氧的消耗共同造成的,同时还对Ga2O3作为丙烷脱氢反应的催化剂的催化反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

铁系催化剂上乙苯与CO2氧化脱氢反应

采用浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了三种含Mg,Fe和Al量相同的Fe2O3-MgO/γ-Al2O3,Fe2O3/MgAl2O4和MgFe0.1Al1.9O4催化剂,在580°C考察了它们催化乙苯与CO2氧化脱氢反应性能,并采用X射线衍射,表面元素分析,H2-程序升温还原和CO2-程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂体相及表面性质进行了表征.结果表明,催化剂制备方法影响Fe物种的存在形态,进而影响催化剂的稳定性和活性.采用浸渍法制备的Fe2O3/MgAl2O4催化剂含有高度分散的Fe2O3活性物种,该物种具有较好的初活性,但是稳定性较差;而采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的MgFe0.1Al1.9O4催化剂中,Fe物种主要以同晶取代的形式存在于尖晶石骨架中,因而具有较高的乙苯与CO2氧化脱氢催化活性和稳定性.     

PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢催化性能

用微型催化反应装置评价, 并结合X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、表面积和孔结构测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、氢化学吸附和热重分析等方法研究了负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3, PtSn/MCM-41和PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应催化性能. 发现PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较PtSn/MCM-41催化剂高的丙烷脱氢反应活性和较PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂高的反应稳定性. 实验结果表明, 纯硅MCM-41载体表面的锡物种因与载体相互作用较弱故易被还原, 导致铂金属分散度和催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性较低. 用Al2O3修饰MCM-41可以增强Sn物种与Al2O3/MCM-41载体之间的相互作用, 提高PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂铂金属分散度和丙烷脱氢催化活性. 并且, 积炭后的PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较高的铂金属表面裸露度, 故具有较高的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性. PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂优良的丙烷脱氢催化性能可能不仅与Sn-载体Al2O3/MCM-41较强的相互作用有关, 而且与Al2O3/MCM-41载体的介孔结构有关.     

Ce助剂对V/SiO_2催化CO_2氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响

通过N2吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)和热重分析(TGA)等多种表征手段和催化反应性能评价,研究了铈助剂的添加对V/SiO2催化CO2氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响.结果表明,Ce助剂不仅提高了催化剂活性组分分散性和氧化还原性能,抑制了钒物种的深度还原,而且增强了催化剂碱性和CO2吸附能力,减缓了积炭生成,从而显著提高了V-Ce/SiO2对CO2氧化乙苯脱氢反应的催化活性和稳定性.在本实验中,V(0.8)-Ce(0.25)/SiO2催化剂表现出最佳的催化性能,苯乙烯(ST)收率可达55.6%,选择性为98.5%,反应12 h后,催化剂活性基本不变,与惰性N2气氛比较,CO2明显促进了乙苯脱氢反应,归因于CO2能保持催化剂表面钒物种的高价态.     

PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢催化性能

用微型催化反应装置评价,并结合X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、表面积和孔结构测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、氢化学吸附和热重分析等方法研究了负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3,PtSn/MCM-41和PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应催化性能.发现PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较PtSn/MCM-41催化剂高的丙烷脱氢反应活性和较PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂高的反应稳定性.实验结果表明,纯硅MCM-41载体表面的锡物种因与载体相互作用较弱故易被还原,导致铂金属分散度和催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性较低.用Al2O3修饰MCM-41可以增强Sn物种与Al2O3/MCM-41载体之间的相互作用,提高PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂铂金属分散度和丙烷脱氢催化活性.并且,积炭后的PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较高的铂金属表面裸露度,故具有较高的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性.PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂优良的丙烷脱氢催化性能町能不仅与Sn-载体Al2O3/MCM-41较强的相互作用有关,而且与Al2O3/MCM-41载体的介孔结构有关.     

CO2 气氛下 MCF 负载氧化钒催化剂上乙苯脱氢反应

 以介孔氧化硅泡沫 MCF 为载体合成了一系列负载型氧化钒催化剂 (V 含量为 2%?10%). 采用 N2 吸附、X 射线衍射和 H2 程序升温还原对 V/MCF 催化剂的结构和织构性质进行了表征, 并评价了催化剂在 CO2 气氛下的乙苯脱氢性能. V/MCF 催化剂具有较高的乙苯脱氢活性, 其中 V 含量为 6% 的催化剂具有最高的反应活性. V/MCF 催化剂的乙苯脱氢活性显著高于 V/MCM-41, 这是由于前者具有较高的可还原性以及较好的扩散性能. CO2 气氛下的乙苯转化率明显高于 N2 气氛下的, 这归因于 CO2 与乙苯发生氧化脱氢, 并通过逆水煤气变换反应在线除去脱氢反应生成的氢.     

助剂Li对CO2气氛下Fe-Li/AC催化剂上乙苯脱氢反应性能的影响

对 CO2 气氛下 Fe-Li/AC 催化剂上的乙苯脱氢反应性能进行了详细研究. N2 吸附-脱附、CO2 程序升温脱附和 X 射线衍射表征结果表明, 助剂 Li 不仅增加了催化剂比表面积和活性组分分散性, 而且增强了催化剂碱性和 CO2 吸附能力, 从而提高了 Fe/AC 对乙苯脱氢的催化性能. 助剂 Li 能显著提高 Fe/AC 催化剂的乙苯脱氢活性和 CO2 的促进作用, 抑制催化剂的失活. 在 Fe(3.0)-Li(0.6)/AC 催化剂(Fe 和 Li 的负载量分别为 3.0 和 0.6 mmol/g)上, 550 ℃、接触时间为 3.57 (g·h)/mol 和 CO2/乙苯摩尔比为 20 的条件下, 苯乙烯收率可达 62.9%, 选择性为 96.2%. CO2 气氛下的苯乙烯收率显著高于 N2 气氛下的, 归因于 CO2 能保持催化剂表面铁物种的高价态, 并通过逆水煤气变换反应在线除去脱氢反应生成的氢.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.