MnOx/Ti-PILC低温NH3-SCR脱除NO研究

实验制备并测试MnO_x/Ti-PILCs的低温（80～260℃）SCR脱硝活性,发现当MnO_x负载量为10%,催化剂煅烧温度为300℃时催化剂表面酸性较强,活性成分分散较好,脱硝活性最佳,在180℃下,NO脱除效率接近100%。研究了氧浓度和空速等对脱硝效率的影响,发现O₂浓度为3%时,对催化剂最为有利;在65000 h^-1的高空速条件下,10 MnO_x/Ti-PILC（300）依然表现出较高活性。MnO_x/Ti-PILC与MnO_x/Al₂O₃活性相当,高于MnO_x/TiO₂。     

O2/CO2气氛下循环流化床煤燃烧SO2排放

在热输入功率50 kW的循环流化床O₂/CO₂燃烧试验装置上研究燃煤SO₂排放特性及石灰石脱硫机理。结果发现,未添加石灰石时,O₂/CO₂气氛下SO₂排放量比相同O₂浓度的空气气氛下低;随着O₂浓度的升高,排放量升高。相同钙硫摩尔比下,O₂/CO₂气氛下石灰石的脱硫机理以直接脱硫为主,脱硫效率比空气气氛下高;随着O₂浓度的增加,石灰石脱硫效率提高。     

介质阻挡放电低温等离子体脱硝性能研究

进行了介质阻挡放电低温等离子体脱除伴有SO₂的烟气中NO的研究,分别进行了直接等离子体脱硫脱硝和间接等离子体脱硫脱硝实验。在直接等离子体脱硫脱硝中,模拟烟气等混合气直接通入等离子体发生器,在反应器中电离分解NO以及和生成的高能电子、离子和自由基等离子体相互反应而进行脱除NO;间接等离子体脱硫脱硝中,模拟烟气连接在等离子体发生器出口与从反应器中产生出的等离子体发生氧化反应而进行脱除NO。结果表明,无论直接形式还是间接形式,脱硝效率都要比脱硫效率高,间接脱硫脱硝能够大大降低功率输入,节省能耗,具有重要的实际应用价值和意义。氨气的加入,有利于脱除效率的提升。     

快重离子辐照对MoS2热导率的影响研究

利用0.97 GeV的209Bi离子辐照二硫化钼（MoS₂）晶体,辐照注量范围为1×1010～1×1012 ions/cm2,结合原子力显微镜（AFM）观测和Raman光谱分析研究了快重离子辐照对MoS₂热导率的影响。实验结果显示,快重离子辐照在MoS₂中产生了潜径迹,较高激光功率下的Raman测试使样品局部温度升高,导致E_1/2g和A_1g峰随注量增加向低波数方向移动,且峰形展宽。引入了通过改变激光功率测量Raman光谱得到MoS₂热导率的计算方法,获得了不同辐照注量下MoS₂的热导率的定量分析结果,随注量增加,热导率不断降低,从未辐照样品的563 W/mK下降到1×1012 ions/cm2辐照时的132 W/mK。Molybdenum disulphide (MoS₂) was irradiated by 0.97 GeV 209Bi ions with the fluence of 1×1010 to 1×1012 ions/cm2. The irradiation effect on the thermal conductivity of MoS₂ was analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results show that hillock-like latent tracks are observed on irradiated MoS₂ by AFM. The measurement of MoS₂ by Raman spectrometer with high laser power results in the increase of local temperature of MoS₂, which cause the downshift of peaks position and broadening of E_1/2g and A_1g peak. Furthermore, according to Raman spectra measured at different laser power, thermal conductivity of MoS₂ before and after irradiation was calculated, which show that the thermal conductivity of MoS₂ decreases with increasing fluence, from 563 to 132 W/mK for pristine and 1×1012 ions/cm2 irradiated MoS₂, respectively.     

Lu2Ti2O7和Lu2TiO5陶瓷材料的Kr离子辐照损伤研究

钛酸盐因其优异的物理化学性能,可作为高放射性核废物（HLW）和锕系元素（钚）的重要候选固化材料之一。采用传统的陶瓷烧结工艺制备了多晶的Lu₂Ti₂O₇和Lu₂TiO₅陶瓷材料。在室温下,用800 keVKr2+对两种材料进行辐照,辐照后的样品采用GIXRD进行表征,观察到两种样品都经历了先肿胀、然后再发生非晶相变的过程。不同的是Lu₂Ti₂O₇的晶格肿胀程度大于Lu₂TiO₅。另外,Lu₂TiO₅样品的辐照到2×10₁₄ ions/cm₂时非晶含量达95.54%,而Lu₂Ti₂O₇样品在此剂量下非晶含量只有74.66%。通过第一性原理计算了Lu₂Ti₂O₇晶体的晶格肿胀随反位浓度的变化关系,结果表明,Lu₂Ti₂O₇出现非晶前的晶格肿胀主要由阳离子反位导致,而Lu₂TiO₅是无序的萤石结构,其辐照所导致的晶格肿胀不含阳离子反位的贡献,晶格肿胀程度较低。     

SO2-4/BO3-3掺杂对NaGd(MoO4)2∶Eu3+荧光粉发光性能影响的研究

采用柠檬酸钠为表面活性剂的水热法制备了NaGd(MoO₄)₂∶xEu3+(x=10%, 20%, 30%, 40%)和NaGd(MoO₄)₂∶7%Eu3+, ySO2-₄/BO3-₃荧光粉,对所制备样品的晶相、形貌、发光性质进行了表征。XRD分析表明NaGd(MoO₄)₂∶xEu3+和NaGd(MoO₄)₂∶7%Eu3+, ySO2-₄/BO3-₃荧光粉均为四方相的白钨矿结构;红外光谱测试发现有SO2-₄/BO3-₃的特征吸收峰,这表明SO2-₄/BO3-₃被成功掺入基质;荧光光谱测试说明,在NaGd(MoO₄)₂基质中Eu3+掺杂量为30%时发光最强;通过研究NaGd(MoO₄)₂∶7%Eu3+, ySO2-₄/BO3-₃荧光粉的发射光谱,发现适量的SO2-₄/BO3-₃掺杂会使Eu3+的特征发射增强,且掺杂10%SO2-₄或10%BO3-₃后可以减少3%左右的Eu3+掺杂,起到了节约稀土掺杂量的作用。     

Kr2+辐照导致的Ca8LnNa(PO4)6F2(Ln=La,Nd和Sm)磷灰石结构陶瓷材料的非晶转变

采用传统固相烧结法成功制备出磷灰石结构材料Ca₈LnNa（PO₄）₆F₂（Ln=La,Nd和Sm）,并通过常规X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction,XRD）进行表征确定三种样品都为单一相。在室温条件下用800 keVKr2+对三种样品进行辐照实验,辐照后的样品利用掠入射X射线衍射（grazing incidence X-ray diffraction,GIXRD）进行表征获取其表面辐照损伤层的结构信息。发现在实验辐照剂量范围内（1.0×1014~7.0×1014cm-2）三种样品都发生了从晶体结构到非晶结构的转变,不过三种样品的抗辐照非晶性能却有差异,抗辐照非晶能力大小关系是Ca₈LaNa（PO₄）₆F₂ > Ca₈NdNa（PO₄）₆F₂ > Ca₈SmNa（PO₄）₆F₂。这是由于在Ca₈LnNa（PO₄）₆F₂中,当镧系核素半径越小时,将有更大概率占据Ca（2）位置与F形成比Ca-F更弱的离子键。因此,镧系核素半径越小,辐照下将有更多的点缺陷保留下来,更容易发生非晶相变。     

应用特雷纳法和吉尔法求解脱硫脱硝中化学反应动力学方程

应用特雷纳法和吉尔法求解脱硫脱硝中一类化学反应动力学方程,均得到了满意的结果.分别讨论了NO-NO₂-N₂,NO-NO₂-N₂-O₂和NO-NO₂-N₂-O₂-H₂O系统,指出了各种系统脱除NO_x的途径.同时,讨论了加入CO₂及SO₂后,脱除NO_x和SO₂的情况.     

O2/CO2气氛下CO对煤焦异相还原NO影响的研究

为揭示O₂/CO₂燃烧过程中高浓度的CO对煤焦异相还原NO的影响,在1073 K温度下使用山西褐煤在卧式炉上进行了实验。分别对O₂/CO₂浓度比及CO浓度下NO的还原特性进行详细实验研究。研究结果表明:在O₂/CO₂气氛下,O₂浓度为30%时具有较高的还原率;相同O₂浓度下O₂/CO₂气氛较空气气氛NO还原率高,表明在CO存在的条件下,高浓度的CO₂会促进NO的还原;当CO浓度从1.5%逐渐升高时,NO的还原率逐渐降低,到CO浓度为5%时,NO还原率比没有加入CO时还要低,而在空气气氛下CO浓度的变化对NO的还原率影响较小。     

激光辐照VO2薄膜温度场分布及透射特性研究

为了探究VO₂薄膜受激光辐照的温度场分布,以及1 064 nm激光直接辐照100 s内至相变的激光功率密度阈值,并比较近红外和中红外波段透过率调制特性差异。首先基于COMSOL建立了薄膜受激光辐照的模型并进行了温度场仿真,然后分别测试了薄膜正反面被不同功率密度的1 064 nm激光辐照100 s内激光透过率随时间响应特性。实验中的VO₂薄膜利用分子束外延法在Al₂O₃基底上制备得到。仿真结果表明,激光功率密度为25 W·mm^-2时,50 nm厚薄膜在被辐照1 ms时间内即达到相变温度。经激光辐照实验发现:50 nm厚的VO₂薄膜正反面受1 064 nm激光直接辐照100 s内至相变的功率密度阈值分别为4.1 W·mm^-2和5.39 W·mm^-2。30 nm厚VO₂薄膜对1 064 nmn激光的透过率调制深度约为13%,对3 459 nm激光透过率调制深度约62%,说明VO₂薄膜对近红外透过率调制特性不明显。     

Electronic structure of BN nanotubes with intrinsic defects NB and BN and isoelectronic substitutional impurities PN, AsN, SbN, InB, GaB, and AlB

The effect of intrinsic defects and isoelectronic substitutional impurities on the electronic structure of boron-nitride (BN) nanotubes is investigated using a linearized augmented cylindrical wave method and the local density functional and muffin-tin approximations for the electron potential. In this method, the electronic spectrum of a system is governed by a free movement of electrons in the interatomic space between cylindrical barriers and by a scattering of electrons from the atomic centers. Nanotubes with extended defects of substitution N_B of a boron atom by a nitrogen atom and, vice versa, nitrogen by boron B_N with one defect per one, two, and three unit cells are considered. It is shown that the presence of such defects significantly affects the band structure of the BN nanotubes. A defect band π(B, N) is formed in the optical gap, which reduces the width of the gap. The presence of impurities also affects the valence band: the widths of s, sp, and p_π bands change and the gap between s and sp bands is partially filled. A partial substitution of the N by P atoms leads to a decrease in the energy gap, to a separation of the Ds(P) band from the high-energy region of the s(B, N) band, as well as to the formation of the impurity Dπ(P) and Dπ*(P) bands, which form the valence-band top and conduction-band bottom in the doped system. The influence of partial substitution of N atoms by the As atom on the electronic structure of BN nanotubes is qualitatively similar to the case of phosphorus, but the optical gap becomes smaller. The optical gap of the BN tubule is virtually closed due to the effect of one Sb atom impurity per translational unit cell, in contrast to the weak indium-induced perturbation of the band structure of the BN nanotube. Introduction of the one In, Ga or Al atom per three unit cells of the (5, 5) BN nanotube results in 0.6 eV increase of the optical gap. The above effects can be detected by optical and photoelectron spectroscopy methods, as well as by measuring electrical properties of the pure and doped BN nanotubes. They can be used to design electronic devices based on BN nanotubes.     

Chiral perturbation theory for fDS/FD and BBS/BB

The decay constants for D and D_s mesons, denoted f_D and f_DS respectively, are equal in the SU(3)_V limit, as are the hadronic amplitudes for and mixing. The leading SU(3)_V violating contribution to (F_DS/F_D) and to the ration of hadronic matrix elements relevant for and mixing amplitudes are calculated in chiral perturbatiion theory. We discuss the formalism needed to include both meson and anti-meson fields in the heavy quark effective theory.     

The magnetic structure of Cs0.4 Mn0.4 Fe1.6 F6 and of Cs0.4 Ni0.4 Fe1.5 F6

The magnetic structure of the two compounds as determined by neutron diffraction is reported. Both compounds are antiferromagnetic with Néel-temperatures of 115 and 100 K respectively. Both compounds show a very pronounced diffuse scattering.     

Wing profile measurements of the Na-doublet lines in C2H2/O2/N2, H2/O2/N2 and H2/O2/Ar frames at 1 atm

Fluorescence-excitation (wing) profiles of the Na-D doublet lines were measured over a wavelength range extending from 0.3 to 200 Å from the line center for the red D₁ and blue D₂ wings and from 0.3 to 3 Å for the red D₂ and the blue D₁ wings, respectively. The line profiles were determined with the aid of a tunable CW dye-laser as a background source by measuring the total fluorescence intensity observed on detuning the laser wavelength. The flames were premixed, laminar, shielded flames at 1 atm, with temperatures ranging from 1860 to 2270 K; N₂ and Ar served as diluent gases. The line core and near-wing profiles (i.e. the region covering 0.3<Δλ<7 Å for the outer wings and 0.3<Δλ<3 Å for the inner ones) in all of the flames studied appeared to have the same frequency dependence, regardless of the nature and concentrations of the gases used. The blue D₂-line profile followed an unexpected (-2.2) law, while the other three profiles obeyed the theoretically expected (-2) law (the dispersion profile function). The line profile in the Δλ range between the impact and quasistatic regions was found to depend on the main perturbers involved. We found that the far blue D₂- and red D₁-wings in the Ar-diluted H₂/O₂ flame obeyed the (-$\text{5}\text{4}$) and (-$\text{3}\text{2}$) laws, respectively, as predicted by the quasi-static theory for the Lennard-Jones interaction. For the N₂-diluted C₂H₂/O₂ and H₂/O₂ flames, we did not find these wing dependences in the Δλ range investigated.     

基于Treelet变换的模拟电路故障诊断

针对模拟电路故障诊断中特征向量冗余的问题,提出一种基于Treelet变换的模拟电路故障诊断方法.Treelet变换是一种自适应的多尺度的数据分析方法,适用于对高维数据降维和特征选择。文中首先对被测电路的输出信号采样,将采集到的信号进行Treelet变换,提取故障特征向量,最后将得到的特征向量输入BP神经网络进行故障模式识别。仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地提取电路故障特征。与其他故障特征提取方法相比较,基于Treelet变换的模拟电路故障诊断方法具有较高的故障诊断率和收敛速度。     

Lithium motion in Li0.33 TiS2 and Li0.94 TiS2

We have studied the motion of lithium ions in Li_xTiS₂ (x = 0.33, 0.94) using pulsed NMR techniques. The temperature dependences of the spin lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T_1?) suggest comparable activation energies for lithium ion diffusion for both samples, 3370 K, but an appreciably longer hopping time for the x = 0.94 sample. Low temperature values of T₂ agree with calculated and measured second moments for both materials.     

Combustion properties of H2/N2/O2/steam mixtures

The present work reports new experimental and numerical results of the combustion properties of hydrogen based mixtures diluted by nitrogen and steam. Spherical expanding flames have been studied in a spherical bomb over a large domain of equivalence ratios, initial temperatures and dilutions at an initial pressure of 100 kPa (T_ini = 296, 363, 413 K; N₂/O₂ = 3.76, 5.67, 9; %Steam = 0, 20, 30). From these experiments, the laminar flame speed $S_L^0$, the Markstein length L’, the activation energy Ea and the Zel'dovich β number have been determined. These parameters were also simulated using COSILAB^® in order to verify the validity of the Mével et al. [1] detailed kinetic mechanism. Other parameters as the laminar flame thickness δ and the effective Lewis number Le_eff were also simulated. These new results aim at providing an extended database that will be very useful in the hydrogen combustion hazard assessment for nuclear reactor power plant new design.     

Multiferroic studies on (BiFeO3)m(BaTiO3)n superlattice structures

BiFeO₃ has been studied extensively due to its room temperature multiferroic features and has been proven as a promising candidate for device applications. But BiFeO₃ possesses some drawbacks like high leakage current and complicated magnetic ordering, giving rise to a canted antiferromagnetic behavior. Hence, a superlattice approach of BiFeO₃ and BaTiO₃ with a good lattice matching was fabricated and the room temperature ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties were studied. The macroscopic and local probe studies reveal a ferroelectric nature at room temperature, and most importantly a weak ferromagnetic like behavior was observed. The ferromagnetic behavior is expected to arise due to the variation introduced in the spin modulation of single BiFeO₃ layer due to the superstructure formation.     

群表示论的物理方法(Ⅳ)——SUmn?SUm×SUn和SUm+n?SUm?SUn分类基

本文证明了置换群CG系数和外积约化系数分别就是将任一SU_m和SU_n不可约基耦合成SU_mn?SU_m×SU_n和SU_m+n?SU_m?SU_n分类基的耦合系数,并给出了将SU_mn?SU_m×SU_n和SU_m+n?SU_m?SU_n分类基用Celfand基展开时计算展开系数的几种方法。给出了基本粒子中常用的SU₆?SU₃×SU₂和SU₈?SU₄×SU₂重子波函数。     

Nonplanar domain walls in ferroelastic Gd2(MoO4)3 and Pb3(PO4)2

A new stable, mobile zigzag-shaped domain wall configuration has been discovered in the Gd₂(MoO₄)₃ and Pb₃(PO₄)₂ structures. Previous work on these materials had not predicted this type of domain wall. The zigzag walls have mobilities 30–40 times that of planar walls in the same material. This increased mobility can be explained as a geometrical effect.