微波灰化法测定进出口饲料中的灰分

采用程序升温微波灰化法测定饲料中的灰分,大大缩短了检测周期.其检测结果与国标法GB/T5009.4-2003相比,|t|=0.521205,tα,v=2.23,|t|相似文献   

影响红外吸收法测定钢中超低碳含量稳定性的因素对比研究

在国家标准GB/T 20126-2006的基础上,讨论了影响测定超低碳钢中碳含量稳定性的几点因素。认为试样表面碳,主要是表面化合碳对测定钢中超低碳有较大影响,该部分可通过采用预加热的方式进行消除,同时也讨论了样品制备、坩埚及助熔剂对测定结果的影响。结果显示,严格按照国标GB/T 20126-2006所述的预处理方式,可最大程度的减小测定钢中超低碳含量时的波动性。     

三磷酸铝的傅里叶变换红外光谱分析

提出了应用傅里叶变换红外光谱法,在由生产中产生的偏磷酸铝和磷酸二氢铝杂质存在下测定三磷酸铝(AlH2P3O10.2H2O)。从红外吸收光谱可见,三磷酸铝(Al-TP)及偏磷酸铝(Al-MP)分别在波数为986 cm-1及740 cm-1处存在特征吸收峰,而磷酸二氢铝在此波段无吸收峰。据此提出,用Al-MP作内标,以Al-TP与Al-MP的峰高比值与两者相应的浓度比值图,并采用曲线拟合或最低基线计算法制得工作曲线。由此可求得试样中Al-TP与Al-MP的含量比值。由于采用了Al-MP作内标,其干扰也得到消除。同时用标准(浙B/HG 204-88及GB/T 1714-1979)中所述方法对样品中磷酸二氢铝及水分的含量分别予以测定。按文中所给的公式,计算样品中三磷酸铝的含量。     

食品中镉测定的国家标准方法比较

本文对国家标准(GB 5009.15)和(GB 5009.268)进行了比较。通过对标准的适用性、实用性、方法回收率、结果差异性比较,发现国标(GB 5009.268)符合国标(GB 2762)的要求,可以用于食品样品中镉的测定。同时国标(GB 5009.268)线性宽,可同时测试多个元素,检测效率高。上述两个方法都具备较好的回收率,检测结果无显著差异。国标(GB 5009.268)可以用于食品中镉的测定,其检测结果符合国标(GB 2762)的判定要求。     

微波适用塑料食品保鲜膜/袋组分的总迁移量测定方法的对比

从超市选购15种微波适用塑料食品保鲜膜或袋作为样品,应用EN 1186-13-2002和GB/T 5009.156-2003两种标准方法中所述方法对样品在存放脂肪类食品时其组分迁移至食品中的总量做了测定。试验中用橄榄油和正己烷作为模拟食品,GB/T标准方法的检测结果表明:15种样品均属合格产品,而EN标准方法的检测结果表明在此15种样品中有4种属不合格,其合格率为73.3%。为探究两种方法所得结果存在差异的原因,采用红外光谱法(IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)及热失重法(TG)3种测试方法对上述样品作进一步研究。结果发现不合格的样品中含填料较高。此外,EN标准方法中所采用的样品预处理条件与实际使用情况更为接近。     

近红外光谱分析原油中水分和硫含量模型的建立及验证

取原油样品120个,分别按照GB/T 11133-2015和GB/T 17040-2008中所述方法测定了上述原油样品中的水分和硫的含量。通过优化的近红外光谱(NIRS)条件采集了上述原油样品的NIR光谱图。采用杠杆值算法剔除4个异常样品。在建立水分含量分析模型时,采用的条件为:用Savitzky-Golay法对光谱进行滤波预处理,建模光谱区间为6 200～8 200cm-1,主成分数为6,用偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)交叉验证建立分析模型。硫含量分析模型的建立条件为:采用二阶导数-Norris Derivative对光谱进行预处理,建模光谱区间为4 400～4 700cm-1,主成分数为6,用PLS交叉验证建立分析模型。水分和硫含量模型的预测值与测定值的相关性较好。水分模型的决定系数(R2c)为0.989 9,校正标准偏差(RMSEC)为0.084 2,说明其预测效果较好,可用于原油中水分含量的预测。硫含量模型的R2c为0.996 3,RESEC为0.069 6,说明此模型的预测效果也较好,可用原油中硫含量的预测。应用所建立的两个模型对10个未知原油样品中水分和硫含量进行了预测,并与其测定值比较,结果表明两者之间的相对偏差均小于10%。     

热导法快速测定石油焦中氮含量

应用Leco CHN-2000元素分析仪(热导法)测定了石油焦中氮的含量,对仪器工作条件、试样制备,特别是试样的粒度及试样的燃烧条件进行了系统试验并作了较详细的叙述.按所选定的条件对同一石油焦样品连续分析8次,测得仪器及方法的相对标准偏差为0.40%,一次测定的分析速度为5 min.用高纯度的EDTA(酸型)作基准物质制备工作曲线,按此方法及凯氏定氮法分别测定了同一批样品中氮量,所得测定值用t-检验法作检验,结果表明两方法间无显著差异.     

装饰用焊接不锈钢管镍含量的快速测定

采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法快速测定装饰用焊接不锈钢管的镍含量,测定波长为232.0nm。试验数据表明,本法对样品测定结果的相对标准偏差小于4％,在国家标准GB／T223、25-1994方法规定的重复性范围内,对标准样品测定结果与国标法测定结果的偏差满足规定要求。检测耗时约是GB／T223.25-1994方法的1／5。本方法是一种实用、高效、准确地测定装饰用焊接不锈钢管中镍含量的方法。     

用红外水分测定仪快速测定食品中的水分

采用GB／T5009．3-2003和红外干燥法对3种固体食品样品分别进行水分检测,红外干燥法大大缩短了检测时间,且操作简便。经过显著性检验,红外干燥法检测结果与国标法无显著性差异。     

X射线荧光光谱法直接测定燃料油中铝、硅、硫、钒

提出了应用波长色散X射线荧光光谱法直接测定燃料油中铝、硅、硫及钒含量的方法,用理论α影响系数及内标法校正基体效应,试样预先在60℃及59 kHz超声水浴中搅拌45 min,达到有效地使样品均匀化.测得铝、硅、钒及硫4元素的检出限依次为1.0,0.9,0.7,0.6 mg·kg-1,对两个已知样品中4元素分别按所提出的方法测定7次,从而计算得方法的相对标准偏差在0.5%～12.6%范围内.对4个燃料油样品分别用此方法及标准方法作了分析,所测得4元素的含量互相吻合.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Synthesis of tetrabenzoporphins of the basis of isoindoline

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds -